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VOLCANOES MT ST HELENS/RURAL/MEDC Date 18th May 1980 Place Mt. St. Helens, Cascade Range, Washington State, USA Plates North American plate/Juan de Fuca plate- Destructive boundary Type of Minor earthquakes and small dust and ash cloud followed by: eruption North side bulged, landslide of rock into Spirit Lake Massive explosion causing a blast zone and pyroclastic flow Series of eruptions of gas, ash and volcanic bombs Dust and ash combined with meltwater from glaciers to cause mudflows(lahars) Huge dust and ash cloud which eventually encircled the earth Effects 60 died Logging camps destroyed Rivers heated and chocked with sediment so all fish died. Salmon and trout fishing area with hatcheries Road and railway bridges washed away Cars stalled in dust Every tree within 25 sq km destroyed Electricity and phone lines cut Wildlife in whole area lost Crops and cattle lost from flooding and dust clouds Mt. St. Helens has become a National Park with thousands of visitors a year. Gradually plant and animal life is coming back to the area NEVADO DEL RUIZ/RURAL/LEDC Date Nov 13th 1985 9.00pm Place Nevado del Ruiz, Andes Mts, Columbia Plates South American plate/Pacific plate- Destructive boundary Type of Minor earthquakes and small dust and ash clouds for several months followed eruption by: Explosion causing pyroclastic flow and dust and ash cloud Dust and ash combined with meltwater from glaciers to cause mudflows(lahars) Series of lahars which carry with them rocks, soil and trees and they sweep down valley, in places up to 5 metres deep Effects 25,000 died Town of Armero destroyed Rivers heated and chocked with sediment Road and railway bridges washed away making access for rescue services difficult. Only access was by helicopter Electricity and phone lines cut Wildlife in area lost Crops and cattle lost from flooding and dust clouds The site of Armero has been preserved as a national monument to all who died in the disaster. The rescue effort was chaotic because the country was ill prepared, access was difficult and politicians and world news teams commandeered helicopters. Equipment and medicines needed for injured was very slow to arrive, often unsuitable or broken so that many survivors died afterwards.