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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Name Date Class
Respiration and Excretion 29
Chapter 20 Respiration and Excretion
Section 1 The Respiratory System
A. Functions of the respiratory system—supply ___________ to the body
1. ______________ is the movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and
removes
waste gases.
2. _____________ ________________—oxygen is used by the cells to release energy
from
glucose
3. The waste products of cellular respiration are ___________ ____________ and water.
B. Organs of the respiratory system
1. The ____________ is a tubelike passageway used by food, liquid, and air; lower end
has a
tissue flap called the epiglottis, to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway.
2. Air passes through the ___________, which contains the vocal cords used to speak.
3. ____________—tube held open by rings of cartilage; lined with cilia and mucous
membranes
4. At the lower end of the trachea, two short tubes called ____________ branch into
smaller
tubes
5. Smallest tubes are bronchioles, which end in clusters of ____________.
6. The alveoli are surrounded by ________________. This is where oxygen enters the
blood
and waste products exit the blood.
C. Why do you ____________?
1. Signals from your brain tell muscles in your chest and abdomen to _____________
and relax.
a. If carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, your ______________ rate increases.
b. If ___________ ____________ levels decrease, breathing rate decreases.
2. ______________—muscle that contracts and relaxes to move gas into and out of the
lungs
D. Diseases and Disorders of Respiratory System
1. Respiratory infections—colds, flu, ______________
2. ____________ _______________—bronchial tubes become irritated and swell; too
much
mucus is produced; excess coughing can damage cilia, form scar tissue, and reduce
respiratory system function
3. ______________—disease of the alveoli, which enlarge and fail to function effectively
a. Causes shortness of ___________.
b. Can often lead to __________ problems.
4. _________ ___________ uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue
a. ____________ is the greatest contributing factor.
b. Tar and other ingredients in smoke are ________________
5. ___________—disorder in which bronchial tubes contract quickly, causing shortness
of
breath, wheezing, or coughing
Section 2 The Excretory System
A. Functions of the ______________ system—remove body wastes through the skin, and
through
the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems
1. ____________ ___________—gets rid of cell wastes which accumulate in the blood
and
controls blood volume
2. The part of the brain called the hypothalamus regulates amount of __________ in
blood
a. If too much water, hormones from the hypothalamus tell kidneys to increase amount of
__________ and return less water to the blood
b. If too little water, hormones tell ____________ to decrease amount of urine and return
more water to the blood.
3. ___________ of the urinary system
a. Two kidneys pass the blood through filtering units called _____________.
b. Urine drains from kidneys to the bladder through tubes called ____________.
c. The ____________ passes urine out of the body.
B. Other organs of excretion—__________ produces a chemical called urea which ends
up in urine
Meeting Individual Needs
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
Meeting Individual Needs
Note-taking
Worksheet