Download CHAPTER FIVE OBJECTIVES

HUMAN BIOLOGY LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXAM 4
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1 - List the overall functions of the digestive system.
peristalsis
segmentation
2 - Describe the digestive tract components and their individual functions.
mouth
colon
pharynx
rectum
esophagus
anus
stomach
small intestine
3 - Describe the mouth structures and their individual functions.
salivary glands
cheeks
tongue
incisors
deciduous
canines
amylase
premolars
mastication
molars
4 - Describe the stomach structures and their individual functions.
rugae
pepsin
gastric juice
peptic ulcer
pepsinogen
HCl
5 - Describe the small intestine structures and their individual functions.
microvilli
villi
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
6 - Describe the large bowel structures and their individual functions.
E. Coli
appendix
vestigial
anal sphincters
hemorrhoids
7 - Describe the GI accessory structures and their individual functions.
pancreas
emulsification
bicarbonate
gallbladder
pancreatic juice
cystic duct
liver
8 - Describe the digestive system disorders mentioned in class and in the text.
heartburn
diarrhea
gallstones
HB/SG4/F12
ulcer
hepatitis
IBS/Crohn’s/UC
appendicitis
cirrhosis
gingivitis
hernia
caries
constipation
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1 - Describe the typical components of plasma.
clotting cascade
fibrinogen
2 - Describe the structure, function and origin of the formed elements of blood.
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells)
hemoglobin
EPO
thrombocytes (platelets)
3 - Describe the structure and function of the heart, including how it does what it does.
systemic
tricuspid valve
pulmonary
bicuspid valve
atria
aorta
ventricles
semilunar valves
vena cava
4 - Describe the process by which an electrical impulse is generated and spread across
the walls of the heart and relate these events to an EKG.
sinoatrial node
atrial firing (P wave)
ventricular firing (QRS)
atrioventricular node
bundle of His
atrial recharging
ventricular recharging (T)
purkinge fibers
5 - Describe the heart sounds and, and how they relate to each other.
lub-dub
6 - Describe the vasculature.
artery
arteriole
vasoconstriction
capillary
vasodilation
venule
vein
heart attack
aneurysm
CHF
aplastic anemia
embolus
pernicious anemia
hemophilia
7 - Describe the common cardiovascular phenomena.
tachycardia
hypertension
angina
brachycardia
atherosclerosis
circulatory shock
fibrillation
stroke
8 - Be familiar with common blood phenomena.
polycythemia
mononucleosis
hemorrhagic anemia
carbon monoxide poisoning
HB/SG4/F12
leukemia
thrombus
sickle cell disorder
The Urinary System
1 - List and describe the major components of the urinary system.
kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
nephron
2 - Understand the kidney’s regulatory function.
blood pressure
plasma composition
urea
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
1 - Describe the functions and components of the immune system.
spleen
tonsils
thymus
lymph node
lymph vessel
bone marrow
2 - Generally describe the first level of defense against disease, physical barriers.
3 - Describe the second level of defense, non-specific (innate) immunity.
macrophage
phagocytosis
4 - Describe specific (adaptive) immunity (3rd level) and distinguish between the modes
of action and targets of antibody-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
perforin
antibody
helper T cell
constant region
killer T cell
variable region
memory T cell
memory B cell
suppressor T cell
5 - Distinguish between passive and active immunity.
vaccine
6 - Discuss the recent phenomenon of bacterial drug resistance.
natural selection
7 - Describe some of the immune system disorders
allergies
lupus
rheumatoid arthritis
multiple sclerosis
8 - Describe the progression of AIDS, from infection by the virus to death by
opportunistic diseases.
9 - Distinguish between having AIDS and being HIV+.
10 - Describe the outlook for AIDS in terms of prevention and treatment.
HB/SG4/F12
CANCER
1 - Compare and contrast how normal and cancerous cells go through the cell
cycle and how they interact with their neighbors.
contact inhibition
benign
recognition factors
malignant
growth factor
displasia
metastasis
adenocarcinoma
leukemia
2 - Describe what causes cancer.
3 - Describe some different types of cancer.
carcinoma
lymphoma
sarcoma
4 - Review treatment options currently available.
surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
5 - Specific
reading assignment: You are responsible for understanding the link between
environmental chemicals and cancer risk.
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
(1 & 2 are mainly from the video the Miracle of Life)
1 - Be familiar with the components of the male reproductive system in terms of
structure and function.
testis
epididymus
vas deferens
urethra seminal vesicles
sperm
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
2 - Be familiar with the components of the female reproductive system in terms of
structure and function.
ovary
fallopian tube
uterus
myometrium
endometrium
vagina
3 - Be familiar with the female reproductive cycle.
estrogen
progesterone
FSH/LH
HB/SG4/F12
human chorionic gonadotropin