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volcano
a weak spot in the
where magma has
the surface
crust
come to
magma
the molten mixture of rock-forming
substances, gases and water from the
mantle
liquid magma that reaches the
surface
lava
Ring of Fire
the rock formed when liquid lava
hardens
volcanic belt that rims the Pacific
Ocean
a string of islands formed by the
island arc
volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench
hot spot
an area where magma from deep
within the mantle melts through
the crust above it
magma chamber
pipe
vent
lava flow
crater
pyroclastic flow
geyser
extinct
dormant
silica
The pocket beneath a volcano where
magma collects
A long tube through which magma
moves from the magma chamber to
Earth’s surface
Opening through which magma
leaves a volcano
The area covered by lava as it pours
out of a volcano’s vent
A bowl-shaped area that forms
around a volcano’s central opening
An explosive eruption of ash, cinders,
bombs, and gases
A fountain of water and steam that
builds up pressure underground and
erupts at regular intervals
A volcano that is no longer active and
is unlikely to erupt again
A volcano that is not currently active,
but that may become active in the
future
material found in magma that is
formed from the elements oxygen and
silicon
cinder cone
A steep,
cone-shaped
hill or small
mountain
made of
volcanic ash,
cinders, and bombs
shield volcano
A wide, gently
sloping
mountain
made of layers
of lava; formed
by quiet
eruptions
composite
volcano
A tall coneshaped
mountain in
which layers
of lava and
ash alternate
caldera
The large hole at the top of a
volcano formed when the roof of
a magma chamber collapses
volcanic neck
Hardened magma in a volcano’s pipe
dike
A slab of volcanic rock formed when
magma forces itself across rock
layers
sill
A slab of volcanic rock formed when
magma squeezes between layers of
rock
intrusion
basin
batholith
Central Valley
An igneous rock layer formed when
magma hardens beneath Earth’s
surface
A broad, bowl-shaped valley formed
where the crust is bent downward
A mass of rock formed when a large
body of magma cools inside the crust
The large basin in
California between the
Coast Ranges and the
Sierra Nevada mountains