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Chapter 4.1 Reading and Notetaking Guide
Earth’s Interior (p. 132- 139)
Exploring Inside the Earth (p.133)
1. What prevents geologists from directly exploring Earth’s interior?
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2. Geologists use direct evidence from _________ learn about Earth’s interior.
3. Geologists learn about Earth’s interior using indirect evidence from _____________ .
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Geologists are able to drill to the center of Earth. _________
5. Seismic waves reveal the structure of Earth through their ___________ and ___________ .
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth.
a. Indirect evidence of Earth’s interior comes from studying rock samples.
b. Geologists cannot observe earth’s interior directly.
c. It is over 6,000 kilometers from the surface to the center of Earth.
d. Geologists learn about Earth’s interior by drilling holes.
7. ____________________ waves are produced by earthquakes.
A Journey to the Center of Earth (p.134)
8. How does the temperature change as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth?
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9. How does the pressure change as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth?
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10. The three main layers that make up Earth are the _________________, _______________, and
___________.
The Crust (p. 135)
11. The _________________ is a layer of rock that forms earth’s outer skin.
12. Is the following sentence true or false? The crust is thinnest under high mountains. _______________
13. The dark-colored rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust is ________________.
14. The light-colored rock that makes up most of the continental crust is ________________.
Layer
Description
____ 15. lower mantle
a. Rigid layer that includes the upper part of the mantle and crust
____ 16. lithosphere
b. Solid material beneath the asthenosphere
____ 17. asthenosphere
c. Soft layer just below the lithosphere
18.Is the following sentence true or false? The asthenosphere is not considered solid because it can bend like
plastic. _______________
19.Is the following sentence true or false? The mantle is nearly 3,000 kilometers thick.
The Core (p. 138-139)
20. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth’s outer core.
a. It is under low pressure.
b. It is made of solid metal.
c. It contains iron and nickel.
d. It is a solid.
21. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth’s inner core.
a. It consists of molten metal.
b. It is thick liquid.
c. It is not very dense.
d. It is under extreme pressure.
22.In the drawing, label the three main layers of Earth.
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23. Describe how a compass needle aligns itself.
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24. What creates Earth’s magnetic field?
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