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CHAPTER 17- PARTS OF SPEECH 1. 3. 5. 7. 2. 4. 6. 8. NOUNS A. Noun1. A word used to name a _______________, _______________, _______________, _______________. ______________________ Noun- Names any one of a group of persons, places, ideas, or things. ______________________ 2. ______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ Noun- Names a quality, characteristic or idea. ______________________ 5. _____________________ _____________________ Noun- Names an object that can be perceived by the senses. ______________________ 4. ______________________ ____________________ Noun- Names a particular person, place, idea, or thing. ______________________ 3. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ Noun- Two or more words used together as a single noun ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____________________ PRONOUNS B. Pronoun- A word used in place of a _________________ or more than one noun. The word a pronoun stands for is called the ________________ of the pronoun. 1. Personal Pronoun- Refers to the one _______________ (1st person), the one ___________________ (2nd person), or the one ________________________ (3rd person). Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Plural I, me, my, mine you, your, yours he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its I want you to go with me we, us, our, ours you, your, yours they, them, their, theirs He went to her house with me and her. ** Note- Some ‘Possessive Pronouns’ will be used as adjectives ** 1 2a. Reflexive Pronoun- Refers to the __________________ of a sentence and directs the action of the _________________ back to the subject. 2b. Intensive Pronoun- Emphasizes its ___________________. 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person myself, ourselves yourself, yourselves himself, herself, itself, themselves She wrote herself a letter 3. Demonstrative Pronoun- Points out a ____________, _____________, ____________ or ___________. This that This is my favorite dinner. 4. these those These are my best friends Those are great! Interrogative Pronoun- Introduces a _________________. who whom which What is the answer? 5. Jenn herself wrote a letter. what Who are you? whose Which is the best? Relative Pronoun- Introduce a ______________________. that which who whom whose The person who is running for sheriff is my father. 6. Indefinite Pronoun- Refers to a ________________, _________________, ________________ or ______________ that may or may not be specifically named. all another any anybody anyone anything both each either everybody Is anybody going to be there? everyone everything few many more most much neither nobody none no one nothing one other several Neither will be at the reception. some somebody someone something such John better hire somebody. ** Note- Many ‘Indefinite Pronouns’ may be used as adjectives ** All are going to sleep. All boys are going to sleep Neither girl likes coffee. Many people are nice. All of the boys are going to sleep. Several cars are fast. 2 ADJECTIVES C. Adjective- A word used to modify (describe or make more definite) a ______________ or ______________. Most adjectives can be __________________ from a sentence. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling: 1) ________________?- Peter bought red shoes. 2) ________________?- Samantha took the last cookie. 3) ________________?- He made several errors on the driver’s exam. 4) ________________?- Jackie has enough money to get to Florida. Adjectives usually ______________ the words they modify, but are sometimes placed _____________ . The tall and handsome actor waved to the crowd. Adjectives may be separated from the words they modify. The ocean was rough. The actor, tall and handsome, waved to the crowd. Sam is confident. Ray is depressed. The most frequently used adjectives (A, An and the) ________________- The following words can be used as both __________________ and ____________________: all another any both each either few many more much neither one other several some Several athletes won awards at the banquet. Laura is sleepy. that these this those what which / whose Several won awards at the banquet. The following ________________ pronouns can be used as both ______________ and ________________: my your My car is faster than your car. Proper Adjectives- his her its our your Your Dad is cool. their Their house is awesome. Adjectives that are formed from a proper noun. business letter chicken salad United States government VERBS D. Verb1. A word used to express __________________ or a state of __________________. Action Verbs- express ___________ (write, sit) or ______________ (think,, understand) activity. John applauded his girlfriend. Lynn wrote a letter. The girl won. The child smiled. 3 2. Linking Verbs- Connects the subject with a word that _________________or _________________ it. - Linking Verbs help describe the condition or state-of-being of a person or thing am is are was were being be can be may be might be must be shall be has been have been had been shall have been will have been could have been should have been would have been Some verbs can be used both as linking verbs and action verbs: appear become feel grow John looked very healthy. 3. will be could be should be would be look remain I looked at John. seem smell sound stay The food tasted good. taste turn I tasted the food. Verb Phrases- Consist of a _____________ verb and at least one _________________ verb. Commonly Used Helping Verbs am were is be are being was been has have having had do does doing did may might must can shall will could should would Forms of Be Forms of Have Forms of Do Others I should leave house now! I have read the book. She was seen with her father. ADVERBS A. Adverbs Word that modifies _________________, __________________ and other _________________. Adverbs make sentence meaning more clear and complete by telling: _________________ _________________ __________________ _____________________ Adverbs Modify Verbs Adverbs modify ____________________. The adverb can be positioned _____________________. Example Sentence: Andre sang. How? When? Where? To what extent? Andres sang magnificently. Andre sang earlier. Andre sang there. Andre sang frequently. Adverbs Modify Adjectives When an adverb modifies an ______________, its position usually comes ___________ the word it modifies. The coffee is very hot. He is extremely tall. The book was very long. 4 Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs When an adverb modifies an ______________, its position usually comes ___________ the word it modifies. She plays quite well. She went very quietly. Joe ran extremely slow. Adverb or Noun ? Sometimes ______________ are used as _______________ They returned home today. He reviewed the material yesterday. THE PREPOSITION A. Preposition- A word used to show the relationship of a _________________ or _________________ to some other word in a sentence. B. A preposition always introduces a _____________________. The noun or pronoun that ends the prepositional phrase is called the _______________________________. C. Prepositional Phrase- Includes a __________________, a noun or pronoun called the __________________, and any modifiers of that object. Commonly Used Prepositions and Compound Prepositions About Above Across After Against Along Among Around As At Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond But (except) By Down During Except For From In Inside Into Like Near Of Off On Out Outside Over Past Since Through Throughout To Toward Under Underneath Until Unto Up Upon With Within Without ------------------------------------ Compound Prepositions According to Along with Apart from Aside from As of Because of By means of In addition to In front of In place of In spite of Instead of Next to On account of Out of Example Sentence- The playful puppy ran. The playful puppy ran beside the house. The playful puppy ran through the house. The playful puppy ran around the house. The playful puppy ran towards the house. The playful puppy ran under the house. The playful puppy ran in the house. The playful puppy ran past the house. The playful puppy ran along the house. 5 THE CONJUNCTION A. A word used to join ____________________ or ____________________ of words. Conjunction- ____________________ words or groups of words in the same way. 1) Coordinating Conjunctionfor and nor but or yet so Acronym: ____________________________ I found his hat and gloves. Fred likes her, but she likes him. Dan went home so I could go. 2) Correlative Conjunction- ___________________ of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words in the same way. both . . . and Both Andres and Chris must study hard. either . . . or Either Eric goes or Kevin goes. neither . . . nor Neither Brittany nor Brandon know the answer. not only . . . but (also) She is not only smart, but also very pretty. whether . . . or Whether he is right or wrong is not the question. 2) Subordinating Conjunction- Begins a subordinate ___________________ and connects it to an _________________________ clause. Most Commonly Used Subordinating Conjunctions after although as as if as much as as though as well as because before even though how if in order that provided since so that than that though unless We arrived late because out train was delayed. Although he has many friends, he is not very nice. until when whenever where Wherever Whether While Why John listened while Cori spoke. Chris experienced pain when he was hit. THE INTERJECTION A. Interjection- Ah A word used to express ____________________. It has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence. Yikes Hey Oh Ouch Well Whew Wow An interjection is set off from the rest of the sentence by an ________________ point (!) or a _____________. Hey! Get out of here. Well, I think she’s nice. Ouch! That hurts a lot! 6 7