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V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
pp. 806– 35. Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the London Economic Conference
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because
a. its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard.
b. any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America’s
recovery from depression.
c. such an agreement would involve the United States militarily with the
League of Nations.
d. the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade.
e. it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.
p. 807
36. As a result of Franklin Roosevelt’s unwillingness to support the London
Conference,
a. inflation in the United States was reduced.
b. the United States was voted out of the League of Nations.
c. tensions rose between the United States and Britain.
d. the United States began to pull out of the Depression.
e. the trend towards extreme nationalism was strengthened.
p. 808
37. One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office
was
a. the formal recognition of the Soviet Union.
b. joining the League of Nations.
c. establishing military bases in China.
d. his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
e. his commitment to Philippine independence.
p. 808
38. Roosevelt’s recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly
a. in order to win support from American Catholics.
b. because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher
communist policies.
c. in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of
Japan and Germany.
d. to win favor with American liberals and leftists.
e. to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields.
p. 807
39. In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was
motivated by
a. treaty obligations.
b. doubts about the islands’ potential profitability.
c. the view that the islands were militarily indefensible.
d. the realization that the islands were economic liabilities.
e. regrets over their imperialistic takeover in 1898.
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p. 808
40. Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because
a. there was a rising tide of anti-Americanism in Latin America.
b. Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine.
c. he feared the spread of communism in the region.
d. the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the United States.
e. he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western
Hemisphere against European and Asian dictators.
p. 808
41. As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President
Roosevelt
a. abandoned the Monroe Doctrine.
b. withdrew American marines from Haiti.
c. asked Congress to extend the Platt Amendment in Cuba.
d. returned the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control.
e. proposed to grant Puerto Rico its independence.
p. 809
42. The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
a. raised America’s tariff schedule.
b. inhibited President Roosevelt’s efforts to implement his Good Neighbor
policy.
c. increased America’s foreign trade.
d. was most strongly opposed in the South and West.
e. was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany.
p. 809
43. President Franklin Roosevelt’s foreign-trade policy
a. lowered tariffs to increase trade.
b. encouraged trade only with Latin America.
c. continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War.
d. was reversed only after World War II.
e. sought protection for key U.S. industries.
p. 809
44. Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the
aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
a. assisting their victims with military aid.
b. giving only economic help to the targets of aggression.
c. beginning to build up their military forces.
d. demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations.
e. retreating further into isolationism.
pp. 809– 45. Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini’s invasion of
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Hitler’s invasion of
, and Franco’s overthrow of the
republican government of
.
a. Egypt; France; Poland
b. Albania; Italy; Austria
c. Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain
d. Belgium; the Soviet Union; France
e. Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal
,
p. 810
46. By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional
amendment to
a. increase the size of the Supreme Court.
b. limit a president to two terms.
c. ban arm sales to foreign nations.
d. require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S.
troops overseas.
e. forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a
popular referendum.
pp. 810– 47. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States
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resulted in all of the following except
a. abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
b. a decline in the navy and other armed forces.
c. making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims.
d. spurring aggressors along their path of conquest.
e. balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with
neither.
p. 811
48. The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the
president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war,
a. Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring
nations.
b. America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of
aggression.
c. American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the
warring nations.
d. the United States intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas.
e. U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring
nations.
pp. 811,
815,
821
49. From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to
warring nations followed this sequence:
a. embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry.
b. cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo.
c. lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo.
d. embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.
e. lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.
pp. 811– 50. America’s neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 allowed
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a. Hitler to conquer Spain.
b. the Loyalists to win the war.
c. Roosevelt and Franco to become personal friends.
d. the Soviets to aid the Spanish republic.
e. Spain to become a fascist dictatorship.
p. 812
51. Franklin Roosevelt’s sensational “Quarantine Speech” resulted in
a. immediate British support of U.S. policy.
b. a wave of protest by isolationists.
c. support from both Democratic and Republican leaders.
d. Japanese aggression in China.
e. a modification of the Neutrality Acts.
p. 813
52. In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,
a. Britain and France consented to Germany’s taking the Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia.
b. Hitler declared his intention to take Austria.
c. Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan.
d. Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the
Rhineland.
e. Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war.
p. 813
53. In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich
Conference at the expense of
a. Poland.
b. the free city of Danzig.
c. Austria.
d. Belgium.
e. Czechoslovakia.
pp. 813– 54. Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union,
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a. Britain and France signed a similar agreement.
b. the Soviets attacked China.
c. Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
d. Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets.
e. the Germans invaded Finland.
p. 813
55. The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was
a. Poland.
b. Czechoslovakia.
c. Austria.
d. Belgium.
e. the Jews.
pp. 814– 56. Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler’s Germany
815
between September 1939 and June 1940?
a. Norway
b. the Netherlands
c. France
d. Poland
e. Finland
pp. 818– 57. All of the following factors contributed to the weakness and lateness of
819
America’s efforts to aid Europe’s threatened Jews except
a. the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel.
b. internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish
communities in the United States.
c. the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924.
d. fear that a flood of Jewish refugees would add to unemployment during
the Depression.
e. Anti-Semitic attitudes in the State Department and Congress.
p. 815
58. The U.S. military refused to bomb Nazi gas chambers such as those at
Auschwitz and Dachau because of the belief that
a. bombing would kill the Jews kept there.
b. bombing would divert essential military resources.
c. the military was unsure of the gas chambers’ location.
d. such attacks would not seriously impede the killing of Jews.
e. all of the above.
p. 815
59. During World War II, the United States saved
Nazism.
a. about one million
b. no
c. about six million
d. only a small number of
e. about 250,000
p. 815
60. Congress’s first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to
a. revoke all the neutrality laws.
b. expand naval patrols in the Atlantic.
c. enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war
materials on a cash-and-carry basis.
d. call for the quarantining of aggressor nations.
e. pass a conscription law.
p. 815
61. America’s neutrality effectively ended when
a. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
b. Germany attacked Poland.
c. the conscription law was passed in 1940.
d. France fell to Germany.
e. Italy “stabbed France in the back.”
Jews from
pp. 815– 62. In return for old American destroyers, the British gave the United States
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a. “most favored nation” status.
b. a role in developing the atomic bomb.
c. eight valuable naval bases.
d. access to German military codes.
e. six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.
p. 816
63. By 1940 American public opinion began to favor
a. the America First position.
b. active participation in the war.
c. permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain.
d. maintaining strict neutrality.
e. providing Britain with “all aid short of war.”
p. 817
64. The Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was
a. Wendell L. Willkie.
b. Robert A. Taft.
c. Thomas E. Dewey.
d. Alfred E. Landon.
e. Charles A. Lindbergh.
p. 817
65. Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by
his
a. personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie.
b. belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the
international crisis.
c. mania for power.
d. opposition to Willkie’s pledge to restore a strict policy of American
neutrality.
e. belief that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice.
pp. 820– 66. The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except
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a. a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists.
b. a direct challenge to the Axis dictators.
c. the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned.
d. the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war
production.
e. another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases
trade.
p. 823
67. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States
a. promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver.
b. refused to provide any help, either military or economic.
c. gave only nonmilitary aid to Russia.
d. made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.
e. sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases.
p. 823
68. The Atlantic Charter, developed by the United States and Britain, was also
endorsed by
a. Canada.
b. France.
c. Spain.
d. China.
e. the Soviet Union.
pp. 823– 69. After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James
824
sunk,
a. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act.
b. the United States Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lendlease shipments.
c. Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels.
d. Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones.
e. Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent.
p. 824
70. Japan believed that it was forced into war with the United States because
Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan
a. withdraw from the Dutch East Indies.
b. leave China.
c. renew its trade with America.
d. break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany.
e. find alternative sources of oil.
p. 824
71. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise
because
a. President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in
Malaya or the Philippines.
b. there was no way of knowing that the Japanese had been provoked to the
point of starting a war with the United States.
c. Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the United
States.
d. the United States was, at the time, Japan’s main source of oil and steel.
e. it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach near
Hawaii.
p. 824
72. On the eve of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans
a. were beginning to question the increased aid given to Britain.
b. still wanted to keep the United States out of war.
c. accepted the idea that America would enter the war.
d. did not oppose Japan’s conquests in East Asia.
e. were ready to fight Germany but not Japan.
pp. 812– 73. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference,
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(B) German invasion of Poland, (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty.
a. A, C, B
b. B, C, A
c. C, B, A
d. C, A, B
e. A, B, C
pp. 814,
815,
822
74. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France,
(B) Atlantic Conference, (C) Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union.
a. B, A, C
b. A, B, C
c. C, B, A
d. A, C, B
e. C, A, B
VI. Multiple-Answer Multiple Choice. Each of the following questions may have two, three, four, or
five correct answers. Mark all correct answers for each question.
b, c, d
pp. 807– 75. As part of his plan to concentrate on alleviating the Depression at home,
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President Roosevelt’s administration
a. cooperated closely with other nations in the London Economic
Conference.
b. extended formal diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union.
c. abandoned the interventionist policy toward Latin America.
d. promised independence to the Philippines.
e. sought closer ties with Canada and Mexico.
a, c
p. 817
76. In the 1940 presidential election campaign, both President Roosevelt and the
Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, agreed that
a. the United States should supply military aid to Britain and the Allies.
b. the United States should actively find a way to enter the war.
c. the United States should strengthen its defenses.
d. since it had ended the Great Depression, the New Deal should be
abandoned.
e. the U.S. military should directly aid China.
a, b, d, e
p. 823
77. At the Atlantic Conference, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill agreed on the principles of
a. national self-determination.
b. disarmament.
c. neutrality.
d. collective security.
e.
a future international organization.