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CHEM 109C – Zhang
CLAS, F10
Genetic Information
Table 27.1 Names of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides
RiboDeoxyribonucleotide
nucleotide
Base
nucleoside
nucleoside
(base + ribose +
(base + 2’deoxyribose +
(base + ribose)
(base + 2’-deoxyribose)
monophosphate*)
monophosphate*)
2’-Deoxyadenosine 5’Adenosine 5’-monophosphate
monophosphate
2’-Deoxyadenosine
Adenosine
(AMP)
NH
NH
(dAMP)
NH
NH
Adenine (A)
N
N
N
N
2
2
2
2
N
NH2
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
N
N
HO
HO
-
N
H
O
P
O
H
H
O-
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
H
OH
H
OH
-
H
O
P
H
OH
O
O
-
O
H
H
H
OH
H
H
Guanosine 5’-monophosphate
(GMP)
Guanosine
O
H
2’-Deoxyguanosine 5’monophosphate
(dGMP)
2’-Deoxyguanosine
O
O
Guanine (G)
O
N
N
NH
O
NH
N
N
NH
N
N
NH
N
N
H
N
N
O
O
NH2
H
-
O
P
O
H
OH
NH2
N
O
H
-
O
P
O
O
OH
H
H
OH
H
N
O
H
-
H
OH
N
O
H
H
NH2
HO
O
H
-
OH
N
O
H
H
NH
N
NH2
HO
N
O
H
H
N
O
O
O
N
N
N
H
H
OH
H
H
H
Cytosine (C)
NH2
Cytidine
N
N
H
Cytidine 5’-monophosphate
(CMP)
2’-Deoxycytidine
2’-Deoxycytidine 5’monophosphate
(dCNP)
O
Page 1 of 3
NH2
CHEM 109C – Zhang
CLAS, F10
Genetic Information
Ribo-
Base
Deoxyribonucleotide
(base + ribose +
monophosphate*)
nucleoside
(base + ribose)
NH2
NH2
N
N
O
O
HO
-
O
O
H
P
H
N
O
N
N
O
N
O
HO
O
O
H
-
O
H
H
H
O
H
OH
H
OH
P
O
H
OH
O
O-
H
OH
H
OH
NH2
O
O-
H
NH2
N
N
nucleotide
(base + 2’deoxyribose +
monophosphate*)
nucleoside
(base + 2’-deoxyribose)
H
H
OH
H
H
H
H
2’-Deoxythymidine 5’monophosphate
(dTMP)
2’-Deoxythymidine
O
O
NH
Thymine (T)
O
NH
-
NH
-
N
O
HO
N
H
N
O
O
O
-
H
O
P
O
O
H
-
H
H
OH
H
O
H
H
OH
H
H
H
Uridine 5’-monophosphate
(UMP)
Uridine
O
O
Uracil (U)
NH
O
NH
NH
N
-
O
O
HO
N
H
N
O
O
H
-
O
P
O
O
H
-
H
H
OH
O
OH
-
O
H
H
OH
OH
H
H
* diphosphates and triphosphates are also nucleotides.
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O
CHEM 109C – Zhang
CLAS, F10
Genetic Information
Table 27.2 The genetic code (mRNA codons)
5’-position
U
C
A
G
U
Phe
Phe
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Ile
Ile
Ile
Met
Val
Val
Val
Val
Middle position
C
A
Ser
Tyr
Ser
Tyr
Ser
Stop
Ser
Stop
Pro
His
Pro
His
Pro
Gln
Pro
Gln
Thr
Asn
Thr
Asn
Thr
Lys
Thr
Lys
Ala
Asp
Ala
Asp
Ala
Glu
Ala
Glu
3’-position
G
Cys
Cys
Stop
Trp
Arg
Arg
Arg
Arg
Ser
Ser
Arg
Arg
Gly
Gly
Gly
Gly
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
Another way of looking at the genetic code…
Amino Acid or Stop
Ala
Arg
Asn
Asp
Cys
Glu
Gln
Gly
His
Ile
Leu
mRNA codon(s) [5’→ 3’]
GCU, GCA, GCC, GCG
CGU, CGA, AGA, CGC, CGG, AGG
AAU, AAC
GAU, GAC
UGU, UGC
GAA, GAG
CAA, CAG
GGU, GGA, GGC, GGG
CAU, CAC
AUU, AUA, AUC
UUA, CUU, CUA, UUG, CUC, CUG
Amino Acid or Stop
Lys
Met
Phe
Pro
Ser
Thr
Trp
Tyr
Val
Stop
mRNA codon(s) [5’→ 3’]
AAA, AAG
AUG
UUU, UUC
CCU, CCA, CCC, CCG
UCU, UCA, AGU, UCC, UCG, AGC
ACU, ACA, ACC, ACG
UGG
UAU, UAC
GUU, GUA, GUC, GUG
UAA, UGA, UAG
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