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BIOLOGY 120 LAB Exercise 2 CERRITOS COLLEGE L. L. Harris THE CELL (rev. 11.27.01) I. THE CELL THEORY a. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. b. The cell is the basic living unit of organization. c. All cells arise from preexisting cells. (Unicellular and Multicellular) (Both Structurally and Functionally) (Mitosis and Meiosis) II. DESCRIPTIVE VOCABULARY: Unicellular – __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Multicellular – _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Prokaryotes – _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Eukaryotes – _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Autotrophs – __________________________________________________________________________ Phototrophs – __________________________________________________________________ Chemiotrophs – _________________________________________________________________ Heterotrophs – ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ III. THE FIVE KINGDOMS – MONERA, PROTISTA, FUNGI, ANIMALIA, PLANTAE A. MONERA (Bacteria) – unicellular (all), prokaryotic (all), heterotrophs (most), and autotrophs (some) B. PROTISTA – unicellular (protozoa) & multicellular (algae); all are eukaryotic, heterotrophs (most) & autotrophs (some) C. FUNGI – multicellular (molds) & unicellular (yeasts); all are eukaryotic heterotrophs D. PLANTAE – all are multicellular, eukaryotic phototrophs (not all cells of a plant do photosynthesis; some parasitic plants are not phototrophic) E. ANIMALIA – all are multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs IV. BASIC EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY (Animals and Plants) A. THE GENERALIZED ANIMAL CELL * Follow lab manual directions. Attempt all questions. Follow directions for observing human cheek cells. * Find the following features/organelles on the Animal Cell model at the front of the room: Cell Membrane – ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Nucleus – ____________________________________________________________________________ Chromosomes – ________________________________________________________________ Nucleolus – ____________________________________________________________________ Mitochondria – ________________________________________________________________________ Golgi Body – __________________________________________________________________________ Ribosomes – _________________________________________________________________________ Endoplasmic Reticulum –________________________________________________________________ Vacuoles – ___________________________________________________________________________ Lysosomes – _________________________________________________________________________ Centrosome – ________________________________________________________________________ B. THE GENERALIZED PLANT CELL * Make Temporary Wet Mounts of 1) Elodea Leaf and 2) Onion Skin. Answer questions 1-12 in the manual. * Compare similarities and differences in the structure of Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells * Know the basic functions of the following features seen on the plant cell model: Cell Wall - ____________________________________________________________________________ Cell Membrane – ______________________________________________________________________ Large Central Water Vacuole – ___________________________________________________________ Chloroplast - __________________________________________________________________________ Chlorophyll - __________________________________________________________________________ Plastids – ____________________________________________________________________________ Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Nucleolus Golgi Body Endoplasmic Reticulum V. NUCLEAR DIVISIONS MITOSIS: Defined – ____________________________________________________________________________ Purpose – ____________________________________________________________________________ Significance – _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ MITOSIS IS A PART OF THE "CELL CYCLE": (MNEMONIC: "IPMAT") Interphase – __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ MITOTIC STAGES: Be able to recognize pictures and/or descriptions. Prophase – ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Metaphase – _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Anaphase – __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Telophase – __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ CYTOKINESIS: __________________________________________________________________________ * ANIMAL CELLS: _____________________________________________________________________ Cleavage Furrow – _________________________________________________________________ * PLANT CELLS: ______________________________________________________________________ Cell Plate – _______________________________________________________________________ OTHER VOCABULARY: Chromosomes Centrioles Equatorial Plane Chromatin Centromere Sister Chromatids Spindle Apparatus MEIOSIS: __________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
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