Download ISch15sg - Integrated Science

Integrated Science
Ch 15 Study Guide
1. What 2 elements make up about 75% of Earth’s solid surface?
2. How does the distribution of elements support the theory that the Earth was once
molten?
3. List 3 characteristics a substance must have in order to be a mineral?
4. What are the 2 major classes of minerals and how much of each is there?
5. What are the 2 major types of silicates and how are they different?
6. What is the difference between minerals and rocks?
7. List and describe the 3 types of rocks.
8. Give 2 examples of igneous rocks.
9. About how much of the Earth’s crust is igneous rock?
10. List and describe the 2 main steps in the lithification process of sedimentary rock.
11. What characteristics are used to name sedimentary rocks?
12. List 2 geologic events associated with the formation of metamorphic rocks.
13. How was much of the information about Earth’s interior discovered?
14. What are seismic waves?
15. List and briefly describe the 3 main types of seismic waves.
16. Which type of seismic wave causes the most damage? Why?
17. What is the crust?
18. List 2 differences between the continental crust and the oceanic crust.
19. What is the mantle?
20. List 3 ways information about the mantle was obtained.
21. What is the core and what are its 2 parts?
22. Of what is the core mostly made?
23. List the layers of Earth’s interior in order from the inside out.
24. What makes up the lithosphere?
25. Who came up with the term Pangea and when did he/she do it?
26. What is continental drift?
27. What types of rocks contain a record of Earth’s magnetic field?
28. About how long does it take to complete a reversal of the magnetic field?
29. What is the difference between an oceanic ridge and an oceanic trough?
30. What does the sea floor spreading hypothesis explain?
31. If Africa and South America were once connected, explain how they got so far
apart.
32. About how far do continental plates move each year? What is this equivalent to?
33. What is plate tectonics?
34. Where do most earthquakes, volcanoes, and rapid changes take place?
35. List and describe the difference between the 3 types of plate boundaries.
36. Where do you find new crust zone?
37. What is a subduction zone?
38. What led to the formation of the Himalaya Mountains? Why did they form
instead of a subduction zone?
39. What causes the California earthquakes?