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alliteration: World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings. shining from shook foil assonance: ooze of oil the Holy Ghost over... internal rhyme: all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil; wears man's smudge and shares man's smell masculine rhyme and end rhyme: God/rod things/springs/wings consonance: man's smell: the soil have trod and all is seared with trade caesura: with ah! bright wings. Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward enjambement: ooze of oil / crushed the soil/Is bare now repetition: Generations have trod, have trod, have trod In the poem “God’s Grandeur”, Gerald Manly Hopkins says that the beauty of nature is everlasting. However, the beauty that has been placed there by God is mostly ignored by man, who is too focused on technology, production, and commerce to appreciate or celebrate the natural world. The sound devices in this poem are used to highlight the themes by emphasizing the difference between the beauty of nature and the grimness of industry. When discussing commerce and human toil, Hopkins uses alliteration, assonance, rhyme and consonance to create the feeling of sameness, drudgery, and repetition. For example, he says: Generations have trod, have trod, have trod; And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil; And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell: the soil Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod. This passage contains many repeated sound elements. For example: The repetition of “trod”, the internal rhyme of “seared,” “bleared”, “smeared”, the rhyme of “toil” with “soil”, and, in the third line, the rhyme of “wears” with “shares”, followed by repetition of “man’s”, followed by alliteration of “smudge” and “smell”. These repeated elements help to emphasize the monotony of commerce and “trade”: industrial production was defined by its emphasis on sameness and standardization. In contrast, the sestet does not contain internal rhyme or repetitions. Its use of alliteration and assonance creates a pleasing sense of rhythm and harmony appropriate to a poem celebrating nature. For example, the phrase “dearest freshness deep down things” uses alliteration surrounding the word “freshness”, which offsets it and draws our eye and ear to this word. Similarly, the caesura in the last line (“ah! bright wings”) offsets the final two words. This unexpected break in the natural rhythm of the poem is symbolic of the uniqueness of elements of the natural world (as opposed to the monotony of the commercial world). The final line also contains an unusual use of alliteration on both “b” and “w” intertwined in the same line. This use of repeated sounds through the line gives the sense of harmony and interconnectedness to the poem. In short: where the poem discusses man’s impact on the world, the language suggests tedium and sameness, but where it discusses the beauty of nature, the language emphasizes and highlights the beauty that comes from the unexpected.