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Name: ____________________________ Social Studies Seven/PD: ______ DBQ – Lewis and Clark and the Louisiana Purchase Document Based Question: Lewis and Clark and the Louisiana Purchase The Document Based Question in this scaffolding packet is based on the documents included (one to four). The question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. Some of the documents have been edited to meet the requirements of the question. Historical Context: Under the Treaty of Paris (1783), the United States gained all of the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River south of British Canada (save Florida). As settlers began to push west of the mountains, they discovered that the only way to send their crops and other products to market was by shipping them down the rivers that reached the Mississippi. There was no network of roads between the lands west of the mountains with lands east of the mountains. The Mississippi could be used to send crops to the port of New Orleans and then to the ports on the Eastern Coast of the United States. Access to the Mississippi and New Orleans was so vital to the western territories that the United States negotiated several treaties with Spain (which controlled New Orleans from 1762 to 1800) to guarantee access to the river for American citizens. President Jefferson began to explore the possibility of buying New Orleans when he assumed office in 1801. In 1800, Spain was forced to relinquish control of Louisiana to France after Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered Spain. President Jefferson, who had been an ambassador to France in the 1780’s, was well aware of the dreams that France had of turning Louisiana into a New World French Empire. Alarmed by the thought of having another powerful European neighbor on the borders of the United States and determined to protect American interests in the west, Jefferson sent a negotiating team to Paris to offer to buy New Orleans from France for up to five million dollars. The Americans were shocked when France offered to sell them the entire territory for $15 million. Events had turned against France when a slave rebellion drove the French from Haiti. In addition, Napoleon felt that he needed the funding to launch an invasion against Great Britain. The Americans quickly agreed and President Jefferson convinced Congress to accept the Louisiana Purchase as a treaty – doubling the size of the nation. Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of Social Studies, answer the questions that follow each document in Part A (this packet). Your answers to the questions will help you write the essay (Part B) in which you will need to: Discuss how the Louisiana Purchase was a benefit to the United States. Explain how both the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition helped in the growth of the United States. Document One – The Louisiana Purchase Year Price Area - 1803 $15 Million (four cents an acre) 828,000 square miles (doubling the size of the United States) Future States - Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and portions of Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Texas, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Louisiana U.S. Population in 1800 U.S. Population in 1860 1. - 5,236,631 31,443,321 How did the purchase of Louisiana in 1803 change the United States? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the Louisiana Purchase allow for the future expansion of the United States? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Document Two – The Lewis and Clark Expedition’s Missions Primary Objectives from President Jefferson: 1. Explore and map the Louisiana Territory 2. “Explore the Missouri River, & such principle stream of it, as, by its course and communication with the waters of the Pacific ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado or any other river may offer the most direct & practicable water communication across this continent for the purpose of commerce.” 3. Establish a claim over the far northwestern territories before other nations 4. Establish U.S. sovereignty over the lands of the Native American Nations Secondary Objectives from President Jefferson 1. Study the geography, weather, resources, plants, and animal life of the territory 2. Open trade with the Native Americans of the Territory 3. What valuable information did the Lewis and Clark Expedition provide about the Louisiana Territory? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How did the Lewis and Clark Expedition help establish U.S. control over western territories? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Document Three – The Journals of Lewis and Clark 5. How did the Lewis and Clark Expedition help settlers entering the newly purchased territory? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Document Four – Settling the Louisiana Territory 6. What effect did the Lewis and Clark Expedition have the Louisiana Territory? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How did the Lewis and Clark Expedition transform the United States? [1] ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Part B - Essay Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use evidence from at least three documents in the body of the essay. Support your response with relevant facts, examples, and details. Include additional outside information. Historical Context: Under the Treaty of Paris (1783), the United States gained all of the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River south of British Canada (save Florida). As settlers began to push west of the mountains, they discovered that the only way to send their crops and other products to market was by shipping them down the rivers that reached the Mississippi. There was no network of roads between the lands west of the mountains with lands east of the mountains. The Mississippi could be used to send crops to the port of New Orleans and then to the ports on the Eastern Coast of the United States. Access to the Mississippi and New Orleans was so vital to the western territories that the United States negotiated several treaties with Spain (which controlled New Orleans from 1762 to 1800) to guarantee access to the river for American citizens. President Jefferson began to explore the possibility of buying New Orleans when he assumed office in 1801. In 1800, Spain was forced to relinquish control of Louisiana to France after Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered Spain. President Jefferson, who had been an ambassador to France in the 1780’s, was well aware of the dreams that France had of turning Louisiana into a New World French Empire. Alarmed by the thought of having another powerful European neighbor on the borders of the United States and determined to protect American interests in the west, Jefferson sent a negotiating team to Paris to offer to buy New Orleans from France for up to five million dollars. The Americans were shocked when France offered to sell them the entire territory for $15 million. Events had turned against France when a slave rebellion drove the French from Haiti. In addition, Napoleon felt that he needed the funding to launch an invasion against Great Britain. The Americans quickly agreed and President Jefferson convinced Congress to accept the Louisiana Purchase as a treaty – doubling the size of the nation. Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of Social Studies, answer the questions that follow each document in Part A (this packet). Your answers to the questions will help you write the essay (Part B) in which you will need to: Discuss how the Louisiana Purchase was a benefit to the United States. Explain how both the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition helped in the growth of the United States. Guidelines: In your essay, be sure to: - Answer all aspects (parts) of the Task by analyzing and interpreting at least four documents. Include information from the documents in the body of the essay Include related and relevant (appropriate) outside information Support the theme (thesis) with relevant facts, examples, and details Use a logical and clear plan or organization Introduce the theme (thesis) that goes beyond a simple restatement of the Task or Context Conclude the essay with a summation (summary) of the theme (thesis)