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Week 1 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week 1 Worksheet
As you read this week’s required materials, complete this worksheet. This is a multipage assignment;
double-check that you completed each page before submitting.
Part I: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
1. History and Archaeology
a. The written record of the past and the study of past written records is called History
.
b. The study of the past based on recovering and identifying artifacts and making inferences
about those who left these artifacts is called
Archaeology .
c. Both historians and archaeologists describe the past. Historians study Written Records
to form this description, whereas archaeologists study artifacts
.
d. Scholars’ ability to relate narrative stories of past Andean cultures is limited because they did
not use
written language
, but recent advances in translating the
language has allowed a better understanding of Mesoamerican cultures.
e. Based on archaeological and genetic evidence, scholars believe the first people to settle the
Americas came across a natural land bridge
, from
Siberia
into Alaska
.
2.
The Civilizations of Al-Andalus
a. The first Spanish Umayyad,
Abd al-Rahman
, forced Charlemagne’s forces to
retreat into France.
b. The 50-year reign of
abd al-Rahman
saw the defense of Córdoba from the
Fatimids in Africa and the Christians to the north. After his death, the caliphate fragmented
into many smaller principalities.
c. The Almoravids and
Almohads
of North Africa invaded Spain in the 11th
century to enforce strict Muslim rule.
d. The mercenary adventures of El Cid
during the
reconquest or reconquista
made him Spain’s national hero.
e. In 1942 , the last Islamic Andalusian kingdom, Granada, was captured by Ferdinand II of
Aragon and Isabella I of Castille. Jews and Muslims were forced to leave
Spain.
3.
Fatimid Civilization
a. The Fatimid dynasty ruled
, Sicily, and parts of the Middle East.
b. The Shi’ite Fatimids established a(n)
in their new capital,
, to rival those of
Baghdad and Córdoba.
c. The
, who live in modern Lebanon and Syria, originated as a splinter group that
believed one of the Fatimid caliphs was the last incarnation of God.
d. The Fatimid Empire weakened in the 12th century and was conquered by
.
4. Saljug Civilization
a. The Saljuqs (also known as Seljuks or Saljuks) were the earliest significant Islamic rulers
from
peoples. They extended their rule from Transoxiana to the Iranian Plateau,
Mesopotamia, much of the Near East, and Asia Minor during the
century.
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Week 1 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
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b. The vizier
ruled the Saljuk Empire through two sultans, building roads,
caravanserais, canals, mosques, and madrasas.
c. In the 12th century, the Saljuk Empire lost territory in Anatolia to the
Empire, and
was destroyed in the year
by the Khwarizm-Shahs.
5. Ilkhanid Civilization
a. The Mongols conquered Persia and Mesopotamia in the
century, and they ruled this
territory through
, or viceroys of the Great Khan of China.
b. Ibn al-Athir describes the
invaders of Muslim lands as a dire calamity.
c. A grandson of Genghis,
, conquered territory stretching to the Mediterranean, but was
slowed by rivalry with Berke, khan of the Golden Horde. Partly due to the influence of his wife
and other
and Buddhists, his forces spared the Christians of conquered lands.
6. Timurid and Turkoman Civilizations
a. Between 1379 and 1402,
led nomadic steppe peoples in conquest and
destruction of large portions of the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Eastern Europe,
northern India, and Anatolia.
b. The first Timurid capital at
was the site of many elegant construction projects.
c. The fourth son of Timur,
, ruled a united Iran and sponsored arts, religion, and
economic development.
d. The
Empire shared control of Iran with the Timurids, another Sunni dynasty.
7. Olmec Civilization
a. The Olmec civilization thrived in the southern portion of what is now
.
b. Archaeological evidence of Olmec goods in many parts of Mesoamerica, along with the use
of jade and obsidian, are evidence of early
.
c. The first major Olmec center was
; as it declined,
grew in importance.
8. Mayan Civilization
a. The Mayan civilization developed in the rain forests of the
Peninsula.
b. Mayan civilization was composed of multiple
that competed with one another for
dominance.
c. The
dynasty ruled Tikal for centuries before it declined and
, a city far
to the north, rose to prominence in the ninth century.
9. Teotihuacán Civilization
a. Teotihuacán, located a short distance northeast of modern
, was a major city-state
for several centuries.
b. Teotihuacán’s economy and urban society thrived due to
quarrying, manufacture,
trade, and intensive agriculture made possible by
.
c. The power of Teotihuacán’s civilization declined between the sixth and eighth centuries
because of
.
10. Toltec Civilization
a. Tula, the Toltec capital, was near a(n)
quarry and the
edge of
Mesoamerica.
b. Toltec civilization flourished in the
century and
century before quickly declining.
c. The Toltec king
fled from Tula to
.
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Week 1 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
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11. Aztec Civilization
a. The Aztec capital,
on Lake
in the Valley of
, was home to hundreds of
thousands of people at its height.
b. Aztec wealth was based on taking goods from
.
c. After conquering another group, Aztecs would take prisoners for
and entrust the
rule of the area to the
.
d. The Aztec civilization was ended by
conquistadors and local subject peoples
who resented paying tribute and providing
for the Aztecs.
12. Nazca Civilization
a. The Nazca or Nasca civilization thrived in the valleys of Peru’s
coast until about
700 CE.
b. Agriculture enabled by irrigation water from
allowed the Nazca civilization to
flourish.
c. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Nazca capital of
was used primarily for
religious
.
13. Moche Civilization
a. The Moche civilization thrived along about miles of the northern Peruvian coast.
b. Moche civilization was likely divided: a northern realm was ruled from
in the
Lambayeque valley, while a southern realm was ruled from the
valley settlements
near Cerro Blanco.
c. Evidence that subject peoples paid tribute to the Moche lords through their labor are the
marks on the bricks that make up
, the largest adobe structure in the
Americas.
14. Inca Civilization
a. Inca emperors ruled one of the world’s largest states, called
, which was home to
millions of people.
b. Inca rulers expanded and ruled their empire through
taxation, alliances, providing
lavish entertainments, and employing people in state service.
c. According to Inca tradition, Inca Yupanqui defended
against a rebellion by the
Chanca people, founded the empire, and took the name
.
d. The Inca Empire fell to conquistadors led by
.
Part II: Cultural Contributions
Complete the following matrix with at least one element for each category.
Civilization
Intellectual
Contributions
Artistic Forms
or
Contributions
Architecture
Religious
Beliefs
Andalusian
Fatimid
Saljug
Mongol and
Ilkhanid
Timurid or
Turkoman
Olmec
Mayan
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Traditions
Week 1 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
Teotihuacán
Toltec
Aztec
Nazca
Moche
Inca
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