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Social Studies 10
4th Quarter CRT Study Guide
Chapter
COS Item
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Question
Answer
5
1
Who were the “midnight judges”? Why
were they given this name?
9.2
2
What is the relationship between the
Lewis and Clark expedition and St.
Louis?
5
3
What act did the Supreme Court use in
deciding Marbury v. Madison?
4.3
4
What decision did Jefferson make, about
the military, even though Federalists had
opposed it?
To decrease military spending
by reducing the size of the army
and navy.
9.2
5
Why did Thomas Jefferson to send Lewis
and Clark to the Louisiana Purchase?
To learn about the West and
find a river route to the Pacific
Ocean.
9.2
6
Why did Lewis and Clark to bring
Sacagawea on the expedition?
To serve as a guide and
interpreter
5
7
What did Marbury demand that the
Supreme Court do in Marbury vs.
Madison?
Marbury demanded that the
Supreme Court exercise its
powers granted by the Judiciary
Act of 1789.
5
8
What was the importance of the Supreme
Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison?
It established the principle of
judicial review.
7
9
When the House of Representatives had
to determine the winner to the 1824
presidential election, how did Henry Clay
influence the vote?
by backing John Quincy Adams
Judges who received their
appointments only hours before
John Adams left office.
11
11
St. Louis was the starting and
ending point of the journey.
Judiciary Act of 1789
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1
9
10
How would you describe the power held
by slave states in Congress in 1819?
Equal power in the Senate and
less power in the House.
9.3
11
How would you state why Southerners
opposed protective tariffs?
Their region had little industry
and relied heavily on imported
goods.
7
12
How would you generalize the beliefs of
Jackson’s supporters in regard to his
election?
A victory for the common
people.
9
13
How would you generalize the beliefs of
states’ rights supporters?
The power of the federal
government is strictly limited
by the Constitution.
9
14
How would you express why Jackson
vetoed legislation to renew the Second
Bank of the United States’ charter?
He believed that the Bank was
too powerful.
7
15
How, with the technical advances of the
19th century, could workers more easily
assemble products and replace defective
parts?
7
16
What laws did Parliament pass because of
people like Samuel Slater?
7
17
What best describes the occupations of
most people in Europe and the United
States, in the early 1700s?
farmers
7
18
What increased competition for factory
jobs in the 1840s?
the Panic of 1837 and a wave of
immigration
7
19
How would you explain how Eli Whitney
contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
He introduced mass production
and interchangeable parts
7
20
How would you compare the work hours
of government employees and private
employees?
Private employees worked 12–
14 hours, six days a week
7.3
21
What was significant about the steamengine?
It was the first breakthroughs of
the Transportation Revolution.
7.3
22
What caused Charleston, Savannah, and
New Orleans to grow into major port
cities?
growing cotton trade with Great
Britain and the Northeast
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because of interchangeable
parts
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laws against leaving the country
with mill machines or plans
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7
23
Why did cities grow rapidly during the
mid-1800s?
7
24
In the early 1800’s, why couldn’t the U.S.
textile industry compete with Britain?
8
25
How would you express the purpose of
Nat Turner’s escape from slavery?
to lead a violent slave revolt
7
26
What caused the slave trade to increase
during the early 1800s?
growing and harvesting cotton
and other southern crops
required a large number of field
hands
7
27
Why did southern leaders refer to cotton
as “King Cotton”?
because of the importance of
the cotton trade to the South’s
economy
7
28
How would you classify the economic
relationship between Great Britain and the
Antebellum South?
7
29
How would you classify the ironworks of
Richmond?
One of the nation’s most
productive
8
30
Why did Nat Turner and his followers kill
almost 60 white people in Virginia?
Turner believed that God had
called on him to overthrow
slavery.
7
31
What was the greatest benefit offered by
the rise of industry and growth of cities in
the Northeast?
that people could own their
own businesses or work in
skilled occupations
8.4
32
How would you identify the abolitionist
who once told an audience that he was a
thief and a robber because he “stole this
head, these limbs, this body from my
master, and ran off with them.”?
8.4
33
How would you express the reason
Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the
antislavery movement?
They rejected the views of their
southern, slaveholding family.
8.6
34
How would you describe the movement
led by Harriet Tubman?
8.6
35
Of the following, prisoners, slaves, the
disabled and abolitionists, who was the
Underground Railroad designed to aid?
Underground Railroad, a
network of people who
arranged transportation and
hiding places for fugitive
slaves.
slaves
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immigration and the migration
of rural inhabitants to urban
areas
The lower British prices
discouraged investors from
building new factories and
machinery.
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Great Britain was the South’s
main trading partner
Frederick Douglass
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8.4
36
How would you classify the roles of
Douglass, Truth, and Tubman in the
abolition movement in relation to their
race and former social status?
Key, since all were former
slaves who spoke for the
movement
8
37
From 1836 to 1844 in the U.S. House of
Representatives, what discussion was
prevented by the Gag Rule?
8.4
38
How would you describe the views of
Horace Greeley and William Lloyd
Garrison relating to abolition?
7.1
39
Of the following, Ann Lee, Lyman
Beecher, Dorthea Dix and Susan B.
Anthony, who turned the fight for
women’s right into a political movement?
8
40
How would you explain the Southern
reaction to the abolition movement?
9.5
41
What was received in exchange for
recruiting settlers for Texas?
Empresarios received as much
as 67,000 acres of land for
every 200 families.
9.2
42
What motivated anti-slavery activists to
oppose the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
They feared more slave states
entering the Union
7
43
Who were Henry David Thoreau and
Ralph Waldo Emerson?
transcendentalist writers who
opposed the Mexican War
9.5
44
What treaty that ended the Mexican War?
The Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
8
45
How would you describe the people John
Brown intended to arm as a result of his
raid on Harper’s Ferry?
Enslaved people and begin an
insurrection against
slaveholders.
8
46
How would you describe the purpose of
“personal liberty laws” passed in the
North?
to restrict slave recapture.
8
47
What was the purpose of the Wilmot
Proviso?
8
48
8
49
How would you identify the major issue
dividing the parties in the election of
1860?
Of the following, Whigs, Republicans,
Democrats, and Know-Nothings, which
party was united by its followers’
opposition to the expansion of slavery?
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antislavery petitions
Both were abolitionist.
Susan B. Anthony
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Uniting in their defense of
slavery.
the abolition of slavery in
territories won from Mexico
as slavery.
Republican Party
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9
50
How would you describe the issue which
led to the Civil War and resulted in the
Compromise of 1850?
Maintaining the balance of
power of slave and free states in
the Senate.
9
51
How would you generalize the Dred Scott
Decision?
9
52
Why did they call Henry Clay the “Great
Compromiser”?
Slaves are property and
property could be taken to any
territory.
He mediated disputes in
Congress
9
53
On what major factor did the Supreme
Court rule that Dred Scott was not free?
10
54
9
55
Of the following states, Mississippi,
Alabama, South Carolina and Texas,
which was the first to secede from the
Union?
How would you describe the Fugitive
Slave Act?
9.5
56
How did California enter the Union?
9
57
On what basis did the U.S. Supreme
Court rule that Congress could not
prohibit someone from taking slaves into
a federal territory?
Slaves were considered
property.
9
58
In 1854 Stephen Douglas introduced a bill
in Congress that would organize which of
the following territories?
9
59
What was the reaction of many
southerners to Lincoln’s election?
The remainder of the Louisiana
Purchase into two territories,
each to determine the slavery
question by popular
sovereignty.
They believed that Lincoln, if
elected president, would move
to abolish slavery.
9.4
60
Which presidential candidate opposed the
spread of slavery but promised not to
support abolishing it where it already
existed?
9
61
What was Taney’s ruling after hearing
Dred Scott’s petition for freedom?
As a non-citizen, Scott did not
have the right to file suit in
federal court.
10.6
62
Of the following, Mobile, AL;
Montgomery, AL; Richmond, VA; and
Vicksburg, MS, identify which was the
location of the first capital of the
Confederacy?
Montgomery, Alabama
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Because his status, as free or
slave, depended on the laws of
Missouri, where his owner
lived.
South Carolina.
A part of the Compromise of
1850.
As a free state.
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Abraham Lincoln
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10
63
What was the main effect of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
It made the Civil War a war
against slavery, and the British
did not intervene on the side of
the Confederacy.
10
64
What was the main result of Lincoln
suspending writs of habeas corpus?
A person could be imprisoned
indefinitely without trial.
10.1
65
What was the main idea of Lincoln’s
inaugural speech?
It repeated his commitment not
to interfere with slavery where
it already existed.
10.1
66
Why did Lincoln want to prevent
Maryland from seceding?
10.1
67
Robert E. Lee did not accept command of
the Union troops because
he could not fight against
Virginia.
10.1
68
What was the purpose of General William
Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea"
through Georgia?
to destroy everything that might
be of use to the enemy
10.3
69
What ideas showed how Abraham
Lincoln expanded the powers of the
presidency during the Civil War?
10.3
70
How would you summarize the
importance of the capture of Chattanooga
by Union forces during the Civil War?
They would then control a
major railroad running south to
Atlanta.
10.3
71
What can be said about the significance of
the Union capture of the city of
Vicksburg?
The Union would have
achieved one of its basic
military goals, control of the
entire Mississippi River.
9
72
What can you say about the importance of
Farragut’s victory at Mobile Bay?
Blockade runners could no
longer use any port on the Gulf
of Mexico east of the
Mississippi River.
10.5
73
What was the most important
transportation advantage held by the
North during the Civil War?
more miles of railroad tracks
10.5
74
How would you classify the military
leadership of the Southern army?
The South had more skilled
military leaders than the North.
10.5
75
How were southern ties to the land an
advantage during the Civil War?
Southerners were familiar with
the land upon which they
fought, and they were
defending their homes.
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Washington, D.C., would be
surrounded by Confederate
territory.
suspending the writ of habeas
corpus in Maryland
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10.3
76
10
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10.4
78
What was ordered by the Emancipation
Proclamation?
10.2
79
During the Civil War, approximately how
many American lives were lost?
620,000
10.5
80
What best identifies where Lee’s attempt
to launch an offensive into Union territory
ended in defeat?
Gettysburg.
10.5
81
How would you describe the targeting of
military as well as civilian economic
resources to destroy an opponent’s ability
and will to fight?
Total war.
10.1
82
What could best be described as a
Southern advantage at the beginning of
the war?
10.1
83
In 1861 Lincoln offered command of the
Union forces to which U.S. Army officer?
Robert E. Lee
10.1
84
During the Civil War, who was promised
by General Sherman “40 acres and a
mule”?
freed slave families in the
South
11
85
How is Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
related to an oath of loyalty and a promise
to accept that slaves are now free?
Southerners would be
pardoned.
11
86
What was the theme of Lincoln’s plan for
Reconstruction?
To reconcile with the South
rather than punishing it.
11
87
How would you describe the attitude of
the Radical Republicans toward the
citizenship of former slaves?
11.4
88
What abolished slavery in the North?
11.4
89
What laws was the Fourteenth
Amendment designed to protect?
11.4
90
What Amendment protects the suffrage of
African American men?
19
How would you classify the southern
belief that the cotton trade would win
them foreign support during the Civil
War?
Of the following, Fort Sumter, Fort
Henry, Fort Donelson, Fort Defiance,
which was the fort that controlled the
entrance to Charleston Harbor?
Cotton Diplomacy
Fort Sumter.
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It called for all slaves in areas
rebelling against the Union to
be freed.
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Skilled military leaders.
They should be granted
citizenship, including the right
to vote.
the adoption of the Thirteenth
Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
15th Amendment
7
11.4
91
What did former Confederate states have
to accomplish before they could elect
representatives to Congress?
ratify the Fourteenth
Amendment.
11.4
92
Which of the following abolished slavery
in the North?
the adoption of the Thirteenth
Amendment
11.4
93
Which post-Civil War Amendment gives
African Americans full rights of
citizenship?
14th
11.1
94
How would you classify people known as
carpetbaggers?
Northern born Republicans who
came South after the war
11.1
95
How would you classify people known as
scalawags?
Small farmers who had
supported the Union during the
war.
11.1
96
What best describes the sharecropping
system?
Sharecroppers provided
landowners with their labor in
exchange for part of the crop
11
97
What motivated African Americans to
vote Republican in 1868?
To help Ulysses S. Grant and
the “party of Lincoln” win a
narrow victory.
11.4
98
When did the Thirteenth Amendment
outlaw slavery?
January 1865
11
99
What was the Republican motive for
choosing Ulysses S. Grant as their
presidential candidate?
He was a war hero who
supported the congressional
plan for Reconstruction.
11.1
100
How would you describe the purpose of
the Freedmen’s Bureau?
To provide relief to all poor
people in the South.
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