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LECTURE OUTLINES AND TERMS FOR HISTORY 52, WINTER 2004
Outline – The 18th Century
1. Geography of Europe
2. Life in Europe in 1750
a. Rural life
b. Small towns
c. Larger cities
d. Social classes or estates
e. Science and medicine
f. Religions
g. Forms of Government
3. The Enlightenment
a. Social planning
b. Politics
c. Montesquieu. Spirit of the Laws
d. The Encyclopedia
e. Religion. Deism
f. Voltaire
TERMS:
Holy Roman Empire. Prussia. Low Countries. Alps. Ottoman Empire. Rivers:
Danube, Rhine, Elbe. Manorialism. Estates. Aristotelianism. Scholasticism. 4
Humors. Privy Council. Parliament. Enlightenment. Philosophes. John Locke.
Montesquieu. Diderot’s Encyclopedia. Deism. Voltaire. Candide.
Outline – The French Revolution and Napoleon
1. Problems in the late 18th Century. Causes of the Revolution
2. The Course of the Revolution
a. Moderate Stage. National Assembly. Storming of the Bastille.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The Great Fear. August
Decrees
b. Radical Stage. Sans-Culottes. Jacobins. Robespierre, Reign of Terror,
Committee of Public Safety.
c. The End of the Revolution, The Directory
3. Napoleon Bonaparte
a. Rise to power
b. His wars
c. War of Liberation
d. Waterloo
e. Did he support or destroy the French Revolution?
4. The outcomes and meaning of the French Revolution
TERMS:
Parlements. Louis XVI. Estates-General. “What is the Third Estate?” Seigneurial fees.
National Assembly. Bastille. Sans-Culottes. Jacobins. Robespierre. Reign of Terror,
Committee of Public Safety. Directory. Napoleon Bonaparte. First Consul. War of
Liberation. Waterloo.
Outline – The Industrial Revolution
1. Social Conditions that Supported Industrialization
a. Population Boom
b. Improvements in Agriculture. Enclosure
2. England’s Political Conditions
3. England’s Economic Conditions
a. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
b. Laissez faire
c. Coal
d. Banking
4. Technological Innovations
a. Textiles. John Kay’s flying shuttle. Hargreaves’s spinning jenny. Cotton
gin. Luddites and angry weavers.
b. The Steam Engine. James Watt.
c. Iron and Steel
5. A problem: Transportation
a. Canals
b. Railroads
6. The Second Industrial Revolution
a. New processes
b. Spread throughout western Europe
c. Industrialization’s Regional Character
7. Consumption of Goods
a. Advertising. Fashion. Department Stores
8. A comparison: Before and After Industrialization
9. Social Results of the Industrial Revolution
a. Urbanization
b. Standard of living. Improvements in material life
c. Rise of the middle class/bourgeoisie
d. Effects on women
e. Effects on children
10. Critics of Industrialization
TERMS:
Artisans and guilds. Enclosure. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations. Laissez faire.
Bank of England. Flying shuttle. Spinning Jenny. Spinning Mule. Eli Whitney’s cotton
gin. Luddites. Newcomen steam engine. James Watt. Coke. Bessemer steel.
Urbanization. Standard of Living. Bourgeoisie (middle class).
Outline – Ideas and Intellectual Movements in the 19th Century
1. Capitalism
2. Democracy
3. Liberalism
a. 7 Sources of liberalism
b. What liberals called for
c. Liberal economic theory. Thomas Malthus. David Ricardo.
4. Conservatism
5. Socialism
a. Saint-Simon
b. Charles Fourier
c. Robert Owen
6. Marxism (One kind of socialism)
a. Proletariat. Bourgeoisie.
b. Means of Production.
c. Class struggle.
d. 3 Phases to history
e. Communism
7. Nationalism
8. Feminism
a. Mary Wollstonecraft
TERMS:
Capitalism. Capital. Liberalism. Supply and demand. Thomas Malthus. David
Ricardo’s Iron Law of Wages. Conservatism. Edmund Burke. Socialism. Saint-Simon.
Charles Fourier. Robert Owen. Marxism. Karl Marx. Proletariat. Means of production.
Communism. Friedrich Engels. Communist Manifesto. Nationalism. Feminism.
Outline – 19th Century Culture
1. Romanticism
a. Poetry
b. Painting
c. Music
2. Realism
a. Literature. Dostoevsky. Dickens. Ibsen.
b. Flaubert’s Madame Bovary
c. Painting – Courbet
TERMS:
Romanticism. Friedrich. Chopin. Realism. Fyodor Dostoevsky. Henrik Ibsen.
Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Gustave Courbet.
Outline – Politics in the 19th Century
1. 1830 Revolutions
2. 1848 Revolutions
3. Unification of Italy
a. Cavour. Garibaldi. Papal States. Victor Emmanuel
4. Unification of Germany
a. Liberation from Napoleon
b. Burschenschaften students
c. 1848’s failed revolution
d. Otto von Bismarck and Prussia
e. Unity through nationalism. Nationalism through military victories
f. Denmark, then Austria, then France
g. The German Empire. Kulturkampf. Economic reforms. Assessment
5. Paris Commune
6. Dreyfus Affair
TERMS:
Cavour. Garibaldi. Burschenschaften. Zollverein customs union. Otto von Bismarck.
Ems Dispatch. Kaiser Wilhelm I and II. Kulturkampf. Paris Commune. Dreyfus Affair.
Emile Zola.
Outline – Imperialism
1. Introduction to Western Imperialism
2. The Scramble for Africa
a. Medical technology
b. Berlin African Conference, 1884
c. Conquest. Leopold of Belgium
d. How Europeans defended imperialism
TERMS:
Imperialism. Colonialism. Quinine. Berlin African Conference. Zimbabwe. Nigeria.
Sudan. Leopold II. Congo. Social Darwinism.
Outline – Early 20th Century Ideas and the Women’s Movement
1. Modernism
a. Introduction. Irrationalism
b. Psychology. Sigmund Freud
c. Sociology. Emile Durkheim. Max Weber
d. Art
e. Science. Einstein. Darwin.
2. Spotlight on Friedrich Nietzsche
3. Major Barbara, by George Bernard Shaw
4. The Women’s Movement
a. Emmeline Pankhurst. Suffragettes
TERMS:
Modernism. Irrationalism. Sigmund Freud. Emile Durkheim. Max Weber. Friedrich
Nietzsche. Cubism. Picasso, Braque, Mondrian, and Kandinsky. Albert Einstein. T.S.
Eliot. George Bernard Shaw’s Major Barbara. Suffragettes. Pankhurst women.
Outline – World War One
1. Origins of World War One
2. The War Itself
a. The Belligerents
b. European Eagerness for War
c. Campaigns
d. Trench Warfare
3. The Numbers
4. Treaty of Versailles
a. Woodrow Wilson
b. League of Nations
c. Reparations against Germany
TERMS:
Balkan War. Alliance system. Ottoman Turks. Franz Ferdinand. Sarajevo. Gallipoli.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Armistice. Trench warfare. Verdun. Somme. Wilfred Owen.
Treaty of Versailles. Woodrow Wilson. 14 Points. Plebiscites. League of Nations.
Self-determination. Reparations.
Outline – The Russian Revolution and Stalinism
1. The Players. Mensheviks. Bolsheviks. Tsarists
2. 1905 Uprising
3. Role of World War One
4. Introducing Vladimir Lenin
5. March Revolution of 1917
a. Karensky. Provisional Government
6. November Revolution of 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution)
a. Bread-Peace-Land slogan
b. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
c. Civil War
d. New Economic Policy, 1921
e. USSR Proclaimed, 1923
7. Ideology of Marxism-Leninism
8. Stalinism
a. Cult of Stalin
b. The Purges
TERMS:
Mensheviks. Bolsheviks. White Russians/Tsarists. Duma. Vladimir Lenin. Alexander
Karensky. Bread-Peace-Land. Dr. Zhivago. NEP (New Economic Policy). USSR.
Joseph Stalin. Purges. Nikolai Bukharin.
Outline – 1920s and 1930s Europe
1. Weimar Republic in Germany
a. Political hindrances
b. Social hindrances
c. Economic hindrances
d. Gustav Stresemann
e. An upturn after 1924
f. Then the depression hit in 1929
2. The Great Depression
3. Fascism in Germany
a. Adolf Hitler
b. National Socialism (Nazism; NSDAP)
c. How could sensible people support Hitler?
4. Fascism in Italy.
a. Benito Mussolini
b. Corporatism
5. The Spanish Civil War and Fascism in Spain
TERMS:
Weimar Republic. Gustav Stresemann. Dawes Plan. Great Depression. Fascism.
Adolf Hitler. NSDAP/Nazi Party. Mein Kampf. Benito Mussolini. Corporatism. Franco.
Outline - World War Two
1. WW2 started by Germany
a. Anschluss
b. Sudetenland. Appeasement. Munich Conference.
c. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
d. Blitzkrieg
2. Fall of France
a. Maginot Line
b. Britain almost fell/Battle of Britain
3. Pacific War of Japan and the US. War in Asia, Africa, Italy.
a. Pearl Harbor
b. Battle of Midway
c. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Bomb
4. Russian Front. Focus on Stalingrad
a. Lebensraum
b. Battle of Stalingrad
5. D-Day and the end in Europe
a. Normandy Invasion – D Day. 6 June 1944
b. Race to Berlin
6. Holocaust
a. The Jewish Question
b. The Final Solution
c. Ghettos
d. Concentration Camps. Auschwitz
e. What did ordinary Germans think and do?
TERMS:
Anschluss. Sudentenland. Munich Conference. Appeasement. Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact. Blitzkrieg. Maginot Line. Dunkirk. Pearl Harbor. East-Asia CoProsperity Sphere. Stalingrad. D-Day and Normandy. Holocaust. Auschwitz.
Outline – The Cold War and Rebuilding Europe
1. The Legacy of World War Two
2. The Cold War
a. Origins
b. Truman Doctrine
c. Zhdanov’s Two Camp Policy
d. Marshall Plan
e. Berlin Airlift
f. NATO and the Warsaw Pact
g. Berlin Wall
h. Other areas of the world in the cold war
3. Rebuilding Europe
a. Economically
b. Politically
c. Decolonization
4. Eastern Europe and Life after Stalin
TERMS:
Cold War. Atlantic Charter. Bretton Woods. IMF and World Bank. Yalta. Potsdam.
The Bomb. Truman Doctrine. Two-Camp Policy. Marshall Plan. Berlin Airlift. NATO.
Warsaw Pact. Berlin Wall. ECSC. EEC. Common Market. Decolonization.
Khrushchev. Détente.
Outline – The 1960s
1. Youth Culture
a. Sexual Revolution
b. Drugs
c. Rock ‘n’ Roll
2. Antiwar Movement and Social Protests
a. The Rise of Marxism in the West
b. Paris, 1968
c. Prague Spring, 1968
TERMS:
LSD. Led Zeppelin. Jimi Hendrix. The Beatles. Haight-Ashbury. Madison. Berkeley.
Prague Spring.