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Download the chronology of ancient and classical chinese
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THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CHINESE CIVILIZATION 8,500 – 6,500 BCE 8,000 – 4,000 BCE 6500 BCE 5000 – 2000 BCE 2200 – 1800 BCE 1800 – 1122 BCE 1800 – 1122 BCE 1800 – 1122 BCE 1122 – 221 BCE 1122 – 770 BCE 770 – 256 BCE 722 – 481 BCE 681 BCE 600 BCE 551 – 220 BCE 403 – 222 BCE 5th Century BCE 5th Century BCE 256 BCE 247 – 210 BCE 247 – 210 BCE 202 BCE – 9 CE 202 BCE – 9 CE 202 BCE – 9 CE 202 BCE – 9 CE 202 BCE – 9 CE 202 BCE – 9 CE 201 BCE 141 – 87 BCE 141 – 87 BCE 1st Century BCE 1st Century BCE 1st Century BCE 73 BCE 9 – 23 CE 23 – 220 CE 23 – 220 CE 88 – 220 CE 88 – 220 CE 220 – 589 CE 220 – 589 CE 220 – 589 CE 220 – 589 CE 300 – 700 CE 300 – 700 CE Domestication of cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats Transition to sedentary agriculture in Yellow River area; silk weaving begins Rice cultivation imported from SE Asia; intensive landscaping begins Yangshao Neolithic village culture; cultivation of millet, soybeans Legendary Xia Dynasty; Chinese traditions arise, flood control begins Shang Dynasty of Indo-Aryan warrior kings, aristocrats; chariot warfare Ideographic writing develops as part of religious divination; bronze castings Ancestor worship; society patriarchal, patrilineal; nobles, commoners, slaves Zhou Dynasty replaces Shang Dynasty; Mandate of Heaven justifies revolt Zhou kings simply strongest of noble families; towns largely military camps Rise of regional states; Zhou lose centralized control; vassalage common Spring and Autumn Period: Constant warfare reduces Zhou to figurehead Increasing pressure on northern, western borders by nomads Iron metallurgy; cities become commercial, industrial centers; coins circulate Age of 100 Philosophers (Confucius, Lao Tze, Mencius, Legalists) Warring States Period: civil war between leading families to control Zhou Rise of Qin state with large, well-trained army; uses Legalist philosophy Sunzi writes The Art of War; massed infantry, cavalry replace chariots Qin deposes last Zhou emperor; civil war devastates nobles, traditions Shi Huangdi proclaimed first emperor; abolishes feudalism, centralizes rule Qin standardizes weights, systems; Great Wall completed; roads built Han Dynasty begins; development of horse collar, water mill, rudder Silk Road established; nomads put pressure on border; trade with nomads Han expands free peasant holdings; limits power of aristocrats Han Dynasty begins to settle Chinese peasants south of Yangzte River Rise of Shi, Confucian trained civil servants; examination system begins Merchant class arises but socially rated lower than peasants Xiong-nu nomads attack; emperor buys off nomads with tribute Han Wu Di emperor expands borders in all directions; Golden Age of China State control of grain supply; state monopolies on iron, salt, and liquor. Scholar-gentry, landed elite become dominant class, replace Shi as leaders Increasing conservatism in society; women, commoners lose status Chang-an, the capital has more than 200,000 inhabitants; many cities Defeat of nomadic alliance; Xiong-nu forced to migrate to west Rule of Wang Mang temporarily overthrows Han; seeks reforms but fails Restoration of Han Dynasty but little innovation or brilliance of earlier Han Invention of paper, print, compass, porcelain; trade with Rome, Persia Han decline begins; constant pressures from nomads; rise of secret societies Rule by great families; local nobles select men for bureaucratic appointment Period of disunion; mass migrations, constant invasions; population declines Population assimilates non-Chinese, nomads; spreads Chinese culture Militia system of farmer-soldiers replaces regular army; troops self-sufficient Land cultivation increased; states own all land; Spread of Buddhism; Confucians react, become largely xenophobic Neo-Daoism blends with Confucianism; Religious Daoism is folk religion SCRIPTED CHART: THE ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL AGE IN CHINA NAME: ______________________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________ SHANG CHINA SOCIAL STRUCTURES Economic, Social Classes Gender Roles, Relations Inequalities Family, Kinship Racial, Ethnic Constructs ZHOU CHINA QIN/HAN CHINA
