Download Muscles that move the mandible

MUSCULAR SYSTEM – Chapters 9-11
Study the arm, leg, male muscle models, torso & rotator cuff models to identify the following muscles. You are
also responsible for knowing the actions of all of these muscles.
Muscles of facial expression
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis (frontalis muscle)
Occipital belly of occipitofrotalis (occipitalis muscle)
Orbicularis occuli
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis
Platysma
Muscles that move the mandible
Masseter
Temporalis
Muscles that move the head and neck
Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM)
Anterior scalene (scalenus anticus)
Middle scalene (scalenus medius)
Posterior scalene (scalenus ponticus)
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis
Muscles used for breathing
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Abdominal wall muscles
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Muscles of the torso/vertebral column
Longissimus thoracis
Quadratus lumborum
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Muscles that move the arm/brachium (at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint)
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Rotator cuff
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Teres major
Muscles that move the forearm
Biceps brachii – long & short head
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Triceps brachii – long, lateral & medial head (note: long head also moves the brachium at the
shoulder joint; medial head not well visualized on models)
Supinator
Muscles that move the wrist &/or fingers
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicus longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Muscles that move the thigh (at the hip joint)
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Psoas major
Iliacus
Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
Iliotibial band/tract (note: this is not a muscle but an aponeurosis from the TFL & gluteus maximus)
Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Muscles that move the thigh (at hip) &/or leg (at knee joint)
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius (note: deep to rectus femoris)
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris – long & short head
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus
Muscles that move the ankle/foot/toes
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Histology:
Skeletal muscle (slide #1)
Observe both the longitudinal and cross sections of the muscle fibers. On the longitudinal section
notice the presence of many peripherally located nuclei per muscle fiber and the cross striations. On the cross
section notice the distinction of fascicles with surrounding perimysium.
Smooth or visceral muscle (slide #2)
Observe the longitudinal cut of the thin spindle shaped muscle fibers with the elongated and centrally
located nuclei.
Cardiac muscle (slides #3 &4)
Observe the centrally located nuclei in the muscle fibers, the faint striations and the intercalated discs
between the cells.
Neuromuscular junction (slide #5)
Observe the axon terminals approaching the motor end plate of the muscle sarcolemma.
Cadaver Muscles
You will be responsible for identifying the following muscles on the human cadaver. You will also be
responsible for the actions of these specific muscles. (Please note: this list may change depending upon which
muscles can be well visualized on the specific cadavers)
Torso –
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Rectus abdominis
External oblique abdominis
Internal oblique abdominis
Diaphragm
Trapezius
Splenius capitis
Rhomboids (major & minor)
Latissimus dorsi
Upper Extremity Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Lower Extremity –
Tensor fascia lata & iliotibial band
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Sartorius
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Muscle Actions
Muscles of facial expression
Muscle
Frontal belly of Occipitofrontalis
(Frontalis muscle)
Occipital belly of
Occipitofrontalis (Occipitalis
muscle)
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis
Platysma
Actions
Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Tenses & retracts scalp
Closes eye (squeezes shut)
Elevates upper lip (snarl)
Draws angle of mouth upward & backward (laughing)
Draws angle of mouth upward & backward (laughing)
Compresses cheek medially
Closes & protrudes lips (pucker)
Protrudes lower lip, wrinkles skin of chin (pout)
Draws lower lip inferior & laterally, tenses skin of neck & chest
Muscles that move the mandible
Muscle
Actions
Masseter
Temporalis
Elevates mandible
Elevates mandible
Muscles that move the head & neck (movement at atlanto-occipital joint &/or joints of cervical spine)
Muscle
Flexion
Sternocleidomastoid
Extension
Rotation
Additional comments
X
Lateral
flexion
X
X
Anterior scalene
X
X
X
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis
X
X
X
X
X
X
Flexion if bilateral contraction;
lat. flex. & rot. if unilateral
As above; also is accessory
muscle of inspiration
As above
As above
X
X
X
X
Extension if bilateral
contraction; lat. flex & rotation
if unilateral
Muscles used for breathing
Muscle
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Action
Primary muscle of inspiration
Primary muscle of inspiration
Primary muscle of forced expiration
Secondary muscle of inspiration
Abdominal wall muscles
All compress the abdomen, cause forced expiration, & can flex &/or laterally flex and rotate torso
Muscles of the torso/vertebral column (movement occurs at vertebral joints)
Muscle
Flexion
Extension
Longissimus thoracis
Lateral
flexion
X
X
Quadratus lumborum
Rotation
Additional comments
Extension only if bilateral
contraction; combo if unilat.
X
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (movement occurs primarily at scapulo-thoracic junction)
Muscle
Trapezius
Elevation
X
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Depression Protraction Retraction
Additional comments
X
X
Action depends on which
fibers are activated; can also
extend head & neck
X
X
X
X
X
X
Muscles that move the arm/brachium (movement occurs at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint)
Muscle
Flex
Ext
Abd
Deltoid
X
X
X
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Supraspinatus*
X
X
X
Add
Int. Rot
X
X
X
X
X
Ext. Rot
X
Infraspinatus*
X
Teres minor*
Subscapularis*
X
X
Teres major
X
Additional
comments
Abduction is primary
action; flex or ext
occur if only ant. or
post. fibers activated
Contraction of all 4
rotator cuff* muscles
together act to
stabilize head of
humerus to assist
action of Deltoid
muscle
X
Muscles that move the forearm (primary movement occurs at elbow joint &/or proximal radioulnar joint)
Muscle
Biceps brachii
Flexion
X
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Triceps brachii
X
X
Supinator
Extension Pronation Supination
Additional comments
X
Also causes slight flexion at
shoulder
X
X
Also helps extend at shoulder (long
head only)
X
Muscles that move the wrist &/or fingers
Muscle
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexion Extension
X
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
X
X
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Flexor digitorum
profundus
Flexor pollicus longus
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis
longus
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Extensor pollicis
longus
X
Abduction
X
Adduction
Additional comments
Wrist abduction aka “radial
deviation”
Minimal movement at wrist only
Wrist adduction aka “ulnar
deviation”
Tendon splits to insert laterally on
middle phalanges #2-4
Tendon goes through flex. digit.
supf. tendon to distal phalanges
Movement of 1st digit (pollex) only
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Movement of 5th digit only
X
X
X
May also cause slight abduction
(radial deviation) at wrist
Movement of pollex only
X
As above
Muscles that move the thigh (movement occurs at hip joint)
Muscle
Flex
Gluteus maximus
Ext
Abd
Add
Int. Rot
X
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Psoas major
X
Iliacus
X
Tensor fasciae
latae (TFL)
Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
X
Ext.
Rot
X
Additional comments
Also helps tense iliotibial band
to laterally support knee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Can also flex lumbar spine if
hip stabilized
Tendon fuses with psoas
major to form “iliopsoas”
Tenses iliotibial band to
laterally support knee
X
Also causes knee flexion
X
Superior (proximal) portion of
muscle can also cause hip
flexion & adduction
Muscles that move the thigh &/or leg (movement occurs at hip &/or knee joint)
Muscle
Sartorius
Flex
X
Ext
X
X
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Biceps femoris
X
X
X
X
X
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus
X
X
X
Rectus femoris
Abd
Add
Int. Rot
Ext. Rot
X
X
X
X
Additional comments
Flexes & ER at hip, & flexes
knee
Flexes at hip & extends at
knee
Movement at knee only
As above
As above
Extends at hip & flexes knee;
short head only knee flexion
Extends at hip & flexes knee
As above
IR at knee joint to help
“unlock” knee after standing
Muscles that move the ankle/foot/toes
Muscle
Tibialis anterior
Extensor
digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis
longus
Peroneus
(fibularis) longus
Peroneus
(fibularis) brevis
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor digitorum
longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis
longus
Plantarflex Dorsiflex Inversion Eversion
X
Toe
Flex
Toe
Ext
Additional comments
X
X
X
X
Movement of hallux
only
X
X
X
X
Also flexes knee
X
X
X
X
Movement of hallux
only