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My Health: An Outcomes Approach (Donatelle)
Chapter 2 Psychological Health
1) Which of the following best defines psychological health?
A) The sum of how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-to-day lives
B) The way we think about our day-to-day lives only
C) The way we feel and relate in our day-to-day lives only
D) The way we relate and exist in our day-to-day lives only
Answer: A
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.1
BT: Remembering
2) Which of the following needs are included in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A) Survival needs and security needs, but not esteem needs
B) Security needs, social needs, and esteem needs, but not self-actualization
C) Survival needs, security needs, social needs, and esteem needs
D) Social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization, but not security needs
Answer: C
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Remembering
3) Which of the following is not a basic element shared by psychologically healthy people?
A) They feel good about themselves.
B) They control tension and anxiety.
C) They appreciate and respect nature.
D) They curb guilt but not hate.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.1
BT: Understanding
4) The four dimensions of psychological health are
A) mental, physical, social, and environmental.
B) mental, emotional, social, and spiritual.
C) mental, emotional, physical, and environmental.
D) mental, physical, environmental, and spiritual.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Remembering
1
5) Common descriptions of strong social support include all of the following except
A) being cared for and loved.
B) being esteemed and valued.
C) having a sense of isolation.
D) having access to guidance from others.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 25
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Understanding
6) The intellectual ability to sort through information, messages, and life events; to attach
meaning to those events; and to respond appropriately is often referred to as intellectual health, a
subset of
A) social health.
B) emotional health.
C) spiritual health.
D) mental health.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Remembering
7) Emotions such as anxiety and joy can be described as the interplay of all of the following
components except
A) heredity.
B) physiological arousal.
C) feelings.
D) cognitive (thought) processes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Understanding
8) Which of the following is not an example of spiritual health?
A) Organized religion
B) Love of nature
C) Love of material possessions
D) Sense of connection to others
Answer: C
Page Ref: 25
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Understanding
2
9) Sharon has been bouncing ideas off friends as she tries to decide whether she should major in
chemistry or chemical engineering. Which of the multiple environmental factors that influence
psychological health is Sharon utilizing?
A) Community
B) Social supports
C) Polling data
D) Family
Answer: B
Page Ref: 26
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Applying
10) Martin Seligman's principle of ________ helps to counteract learned helplessness and foster
more overall positive development through improved mental health practices.
A) learned helpfulness
B) learned pessimism
C) learned optimism
D) learned mindfulness
Answer: C
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Remembering
11) Which of the following is not considered a personality trait related to psychological wellbeing?
A) Agreeableness
B) Introversion
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotional stability
Answer: B
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Understanding
12) Of the personality traits related to psychological well-being, resiliency is best described by
which of the following?
A) The willingness to demonstrate curiosity and independence
B) The ability to conform, be likable, and demonstrate friendly compliance and love
C) The ability to maintain emotional control
D) The ability to adapt to change and stressful events in healthy and flexible ways
Answer: D
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Remembering
3
13) When considering how others influence your psychological well-being, your sense of selfrespect or self-worth refers to your
A) resiliency.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-centeredness.
D) self-efficacy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Remembering
14) Which of the following skills for behavior change will probably not build your self-efficacy
and self-esteem?
A) Spend time with people who treat you poorly.
B) Do things you are good at, and enjoy the satisfaction in a job well done.
C) Acknowledge that you're a good person by rewarding yourself regularly.
D) List things that make you happy; do something from your list every day.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Applying
15) How the brain and behavior affect the body's immune system is the study of
A) neuroimmunology (NI).
B) psychoimmunology (PI).
C) neuropsychoimmunology (NPI).
D) psychoneuroimmunology (PNI).
Answer: D
Page Ref: 28
Learning Outcome: 2.4.1
BT: Remembering
16) After a failed marriage, loss of a job, a chronic illness, and bankruptcy, Adrian has given up
and no longer takes action to help himself, a pattern known as
A) negative expressiveness.
B) depressive helplessness.
C) learned helplessness.
D) hopeless pattern behavior.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Understanding
4
17) Subjective well-being is defined by three components. Which of the following is not one of
them?
A) Satisfaction with your present life
B) The relative presence of positive emotions
C) The relative absence of negative emotions
D) Dissatisfaction with your present life
Answer: D
Page Ref: 28
Learning Outcome: 2.4.1
BT: Remembering
18) Which of the following strategies will probably help you use positive psychology to enhance
your happiness?
A) Develop gratitude, know when to say when, but never use capitalization
B) Develop gratitude, use capitalization, and know when to say when
C) Know when to say when, grow a signature strength, but never develop gratitude
D) Grow a signature strength, use capitalization, but never know when to say when
Answer: B
Page Ref: 28
Learning Outcome: 2.4.1
BT: Applying
19) Which of the following are strategies that you should try to support and improve your
psychological health?
A) Find a support group, complete required tasks, and form unrealistic expectations
B) Complete required tasks, get adequate sleep, and let your physical health deteriorate
C) Maintain physical health, form realistic expectations, and get adequate sleep
D) Form realistic expectations, get inadequate sleep, and make time for you
Answer: C
Page Ref: 29
Learning Outcome: 2.5.1
BT: Applying
5
20) Which of the following students is least likely to have subjective well-being?
A) Joe's father works in the coal mines and his mom stays at home raising his three little sisters.
Joe, a sophomore, lives at home and does odd jobs around town to help make ends meet. Joe is
proud to be the first in his family to attend college.
B) Jim's father is a partner in a prestigious law firm; his mother stays at home raising his three
little sisters. Jim, a sophomore, lives in a nice off-campus apartment because those geeky
freshmen in the residence halls really get on his nerves.
C) John, the team's starting quarterback, is facing the toughest team in the conference but is
excited because he is sure his team will play a great game.
D) Jacob was the team's starting quarterback last year and is really disappointed about being
moved to a back-up position. He still goes to every practice and game, giving his best effort, and
is really excited about how well the team is doing this year.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 28
Learning Outcome: 2.4.1
BT: Analyzing
21) According to Professor Brian Luke Seaward, the core of human spirituality consists of the
following three elements.
A) Relationships, values, and purpose in life
B) Relationships, values, and religion
C) Religion, relationships, and attaining inner harmony
D) Values, attaining inner harmony, and seeking beauty in life
Answer: A
Page Ref: 30
Learning Outcome: 2.6.1
BT: Remembering
22) Spirituality may or may not lead to participation in organized religion. Which of the
following best defines religion?
A) The combination of relationships, values, and purpose in life
B) An individual's principles—the set of fundamental rules by which he or she conducts his or
her life
C) An individual's sense of purpose and meaning in life, beyond material values
D) A system of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols designed to facilitate closeness to the
sacred or transcendent
Answer: D
Page Ref: 30
Learning Outcome: 2.6.1
BT: Remembering
6
23) According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), spiritual or religious well-being may help
restore a sick person's health and improve their quality of life by
A) increasing alcohol and drug abuse.
B) increasing feelings of hope and optimism.
C) increasing anxiety and depression.
D) increasing blood pressure.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 31
Learning Outcome: 2.6.2
BT: Applying
24) All of the following are strategies for cultivating spiritual health. Which would you
categorize as "reaching out to others"?
A) Expanding your mind through psychological counseling
B) Practicing meditation
C) Volunteering to coach a youth soccer team
D) Practicing yoga
Answer: C
Page Ref: 33
Learning Outcome: 2.7.1
BT: Applying
25) Based on the most recent National College Health Assessment survey, which of the
following is the greatest mental health issue of American college students?
A) Felt overwhelmed by all they needed to do
B) Intentionally injured themselves
C) Had difficulty functioning because of depression
D) Seriously considered suicide
Answer: A
Page Ref: 34
Learning Outcome: 2.8.1
BT: Remembering
26) Which of the following is probably not a risk factor for mental illness?
A) Childhood abuse or neglect
B) Financial security
C) Having biological relatives with mental illness
D) Experiencing combat
Answer: B
Page Ref: 34
Learning Outcome: 2.8.1
BT: Analyzing
7
27) Anxiety disorders affect more than 40 million people 18 or older each year. This represents
about ________ of all adults in the United States.
A) 37 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 18 percent
Answer: D
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Remembering
28) The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include
A) the desire to relive and change the event outcome.
B) retelling traumatic event details.
C) intrusive recollections of the traumatic events, such as nightmares.
D) a complete loss of memory about the event.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Remembering
29) The students in Katherine's dorm are all pretty serious about their studies, but they're also
very social, so they have parties several times every semester. Katherine has always avoided
these parties for fear of being humiliated. Which of the following anxiety disorders does she
suffer from?
A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B) Social phobia
C) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
D) Panic attacks
Answer: B
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
30) Richard is afraid of spiders. Which of the following anxiety disorders does he suffer from?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B) Panic attacks
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) Phobia
Answer: D
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
8
31) When he was 11, David was sexually abused by someone in authority at his church. Ten
years later, he still has nightmares about it. Which of the following anxiety disorders does he
suffer from?
A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B) Social phobia
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Panic attacks
Answer: A
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
32) For as long as she can remember, Althea has felt as if her hands were never clean enough. As
a result, she washes them constantly throughout each day. Which of the following anxiety
disorders does she suffer from?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B) Social phobia
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Panic attacks
Answer: C
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
33) Which of the following are chronic mood disorders?
A) Major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and learned helplessness
B) Bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and major depression
C) Dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) Social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and panic attacks
Answer: B
Page Ref: 36
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
34) Growing up in Seattle, WA, where the winter days are relatively short and generally
overcast, Elisabeth noticed that she was often irritable and sad and that she tended to sleep a lot.
Now that she is attending college in San Diego, CA, where the winter days are longer and
generally sunny, her symptoms have mostly resolved. Based on this limited information, which
mood disorder does she suffer from?
A) Major depression
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
D) Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Answer: D
Page Ref: 36-37
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Understanding
9
35) Mood disorders are caused by the interaction of many factors, including
A) inherited traits and life events, but not trauma.
B) biological differences and hormones, but not life events.
C) trauma and life events, but not hormones.
D) hormones, life events, and trauma.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Analyzing
36) Rasheed has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption. Those who know
him find him overly needy and demanding. Which of the following personality disorders does
Rasheed most likely suffer from?
A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Answer: C
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Understanding
37) Malik has met Maurice on just two occasions. In the first, he and some friends got a ride
home from Maurice, who proceeded to run multiple stop signs and pass other cars at high speeds,
barely avoiding oncoming traffic. In the second, he accidentally surprised Maurice in the
bathroom, where he noticed that Maurice had been using a knife to cut himself. If Maurice
suffers form a personality disorder, which of the following is most likely?
A) Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
B) Narcissistic personality disorder
C) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D) Paranoid personality disorder
Answer: A
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Understanding
38) Treatment for schizophrenia includes all of the following except
A) light therapy.
B) psychotherapy.
C) medication.
D) hospitalization.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Remembering
10
39) Which of the following statements about suicide is true?
A) Nearly four times as many women die by suicide than men.
B) Suicide is the second leading cause of death on college campuses.
C) Women are almost twice as likely as men to use firearms.
D) Men are almost three times as likely as women to use poisoning.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 40
Learning Outcome: 2.13.1
BT: Analyzing
40) Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
A) Suicide by a close friend or family member
B) Excessive substance use or abuse
C) Loss of a loved one
D) Multiple minor illnesses
Answer: D
Page Ref: 40
Learning Outcome: 2.13.1
BT: Understanding
41) All of the following actions are recommended to prevent suicide except
A) take all threats seriously, don't just brush them off.
B) use the "tough love" approach when empathy is ineffective.
C) ask directly, "Are you thinking about hurting or killing yourself?" Let them know you care.
D) listen carefully, and empathize and sympathize without acting shocked by what they say.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 40
Learning Outcome: 2.13.2
BT: Applying
42) Approximately what ratio of Americans seeks help from mental health professionals at some
point in their lives?
A) 1 in 20
B) 1 in 10
C) 1 in 5
D) 1 in 3
Answer: C
Page Ref: 41
Learning Outcome: 2.14.1
BT: Remembering
11
43) If you think you have a psychological problem and need treatment, which of the following
should you do first?
A) Keep it to yourself; whatever you do, discuss it with no one.
B) Schedule a thorough examination, including a physical checkup, a psychiatric history, and a
mental status examination.
C) Interview three different psychiatrists.
D) Try to "just get over it."
Answer: B
Page Ref: 41
Learning Outcome: 2.14.2
BT: Applying
44) Roberta is afraid of spiders. This is an example of which of the following anxiety disorders?
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) Phobic disorder
Answer: D
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
45) Beth has flashbacks to the evening a drunk driver crashed into her car. This is an example of
which of the following anxiety disorders?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Answer: D
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
46) Denise has an unnatural concern about order and exactness. This is an example of which of
the following anxiety disorders?
A) Phobic disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Answer: C
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
12
47) Christian has been irritable, feeling on edge, and easily fatigued for more days than not
during a six-month period. This is an example of which of the following anxiety disorders?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Answer: A
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
48) Arturo avoids playing intramural sports because he is afraid of embarrassing himself. This is
an example of which of the following anxiety disorders?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Answer: B
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
49) In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, survival needs consist of food, shelter, creativity, affection,
and respect for others.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Remembering
50) Psychologically healthy people feel comfortable with other people, and express respect and
compassion toward others.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.1
BT: Understanding
51) Esteem needs (e.g., self-respect and respect for others) are higher in Maslow's hierarchy of
needs than social needs (e.g., belonging and acceptance).
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Remembering
13
52) Within the four dimensions of psychological health, the term "mental health" includes a
person's interactions with others on an individual and group basis.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Remembering
53) Emotionally unhealthy people are much more likely than emotionally healthy people to let
their feelings overpower them.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Understanding
54) According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM),
spirituality is an individual's sense of purpose and meaning in life, beyond material values.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 30
Learning Outcome: 2.6.1
BT: Remembering
55) Everyone raised in dysfunctional families becomes psychologically unhealthy.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 26
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Understanding
56) Self-efficacy describes a person's belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in
and execute a specific behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Remembering
57) As part of the mind-body connection, psychologist Richard Davidson has proposed that
neurotransmitters may function more efficiently in happy people.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 28
Learning Outcome: 2.4.1
BT: Understanding
58) Getting enough sleep on a daily basis is a key factor in physical and psychological health.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 29
Learning Outcome: 2.5.1
BT: Understanding
14
59) Finding a support group can improve your psychological health because the group can make
you feel good about yourself and force you to take an honest look at your actions and choices.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 29
Learning Outcome: 2.5.1
BT: Understanding
60) The terms "spirituality" and "religion" may be used interchangeably.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 30
Learning Outcome: 2.6.1
BT: Understanding
61) The communities to which an individual belongs have no impact on psychological health.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 26
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Understanding
62) Spirituality can have a positive impact on health and wellness by improving your ability to
cope with stress.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 31
Learning Outcome: 2.6.2
BT: Understanding
63) In the domain of spirituality, mindfulness usually refers to a practice of concentrating the
mind on a spiritual or ethical subject, a view of the natural world, or an icon or other image
representative of divinity.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 32
Learning Outcome: 2.7.1
BT: Remembering
64) Meditation is a practice of cultivating stillness and quieting the mind's noise.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 32
Learning Outcome: 2.7.1
BT: Remembering
65) Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors, causing
varying degrees of impaired functioning in daily living.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 34
Learning Outcome: 2.8.1
BT: Remembering
15
66) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops only in someone who has witnessed war.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Understanding
67) An individual who continually experiences failure may eventually develop learned
helplessness.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Understanding
68) The symptoms of major depression can last for weeks, months, or years. They can include
sleeping too much or too little and difficulty concentrating.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 36
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
69) People with manic depression often have severe mood swings, ranging from extreme highs
to extreme lows.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 36
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
70) The most beneficial treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is light therapy, using
lamps that simulate sunlight.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 37
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
71) People with ADHD are hyperactive and distracted most of the time, but it rarely has any
effect on their home, school, or work life.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Understanding
72) Schizophrenia is treatable but not curable with current treatment methods.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Remembering
16
73) The majority of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) engage in risky
behavior, such as gambling sprees and unsafe sex.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 38
Learning Outcome: 2.11.1
BT: Remembering
74) Depression is the most common psychological problem facing older adults.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 39
Learning Outcome: 2.12.1
BT: Remembering
75) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts and
is often associated with repetitive, hard-to-resist behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Remembering
76) Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia, is never diagnosed in people under age 50.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 39
Learning Outcome: 2.12.1
BT: Remembering
77) A psychologically healthy person will never experience bereavement when a loved one dies.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 39
Learning Outcome: 2.12.2
BT: Understanding
78) Cognitive therapy focuses on the impact of thoughts on feelings and behavior, whereas
behavioral therapy focuses on what we do.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 41
Learning Outcome: 2.14.2
BT: Understanding
79) Intensified feelings or complex patterns of feelings that we experience on a regular basis,
such as love, hate, frustration, anxiety, and joy, are known as emotions.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.2.1
BT: Understanding
17
80) The three facets of spirituality are relationships, purpose in life, and values.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 30
Learning Outcome: 2.6.1
BT: Remembering
81) Anxiety disorders are the number one mental health problem in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 35
Learning Outcome: 2.9.1
BT: Remembering
82) Another name for bipolar disorder is ADHD.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 36
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
83) The fulfillment of potential is a component of the self-actualization needs in Maslow's
hierarchy.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Understanding
84) Belonging is a component of the security needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Understanding
85) Exercise is a component of the survival needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Understanding
86) Protection is a component of the social needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Understanding
87) Self-respect is a component of the esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 24
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Understanding
18
88) Compare and contrast psychologically healthy people with their "unhealthy" counterparts.
What differences do you notice in psychologically healthy people?
Answer: Noted characteristics of psychologically healthy people include the following:
1. They feel good about themselves; are realistic; respect self.
2. They feel comfortable with other people; can love and be loved.
3. They control tension and anxiety; internal locus of control.
4. They meet the demands of life; internal locus of control; flexible; adapt.
5. They curb hate and guilt; reach out to help others.
6. They maintain a positive outlook; optimistic.
7. They value diversity.
8. They respect nature.
Page Ref: 22-23
Learning Outcome: 2.1.1
BT: Analyzing
89) Nearly 20 percent of Americans seek help for psychological problems. List five reasons you
may need to consider seeking help.
Answer: (any five of the following)
1. You feel you need help.
2. You feel out of control or experience wild mood swings.
3. Your fears or feelings of guilt distract you.
4. You have hallucinations.
5. You feel worthless, or feel life is not worth living.
6. Your life seems like nothing but a series of crises.
7. You're considering suicide.
8. You turn to drugs or alcohol to escape.
Page Ref: 41
Learning Outcome: 2.14.1
BT: Remembering
19
90) Seventy-five to eighty percent of people who commit suicide indicate their intentions. List
five warning signs that someone may be contemplating suicide.
Answer: (any five of the following)
1. Recent loss and a seeming inability to let go of grief
2. A history of depression
3. A change in personality—withdrawal, irritability, anxiety, tiredness, and apathy
4. A change in behavior—inability to concentrate, loss of interest in classes or work, unexplained
demonstration of happiness following a period of depression
5. Sexual dysfunction (e.g., impotence) or diminished sexual interest
6. Expressions of self-hatred or excessive risk-taking
7. A change in sleep or eating habits or in appearance
8. A direct statement such as "I might as well end it all"
9. An indirect statement such as "You won't have to worry about me anymore"
10. Making final preparations such as writing a will or giving away prized possessions
11. Preoccupation with death
Page Ref: 40
Learning Outcome: 2.13.1
BT: Remembering
91) Most people who attempt suicide want to live, but they see death as the only way out of an
intolerable situation. List five things you can do if someone you know threatens suicide.
Answer: (any five of the following)
1. Monitor signals—don't leave them alone
2. Take threats seriously
3. Let the person know how much you care
4. Listen to them—empathize, sympathize, and keep them talking
5. Ask directly, "Are you thinking of hurting or killing yourself?"
6. Don't belittle their feelings
7. Help them think about alternatives
8. Tell your friend's spouse, partner, parents, siblings, or counselor
Page Ref: 40
Learning Outcome: 2.13.2
BT: Remembering
20
92) The symptoms of major depression can last for weeks, months, or years. List five symptoms
of major depression.
Answer: (any five of the following)
1. Sadness and despair
2. Loss of motivation or interest in pleasurable activities
3. Preoccupation with failures and inadequacies
4. Difficulty concentrating; indecisiveness; memory lapses
5. Loss of sex drive or interest in close interactions with others
6. Fatigue and loss of energy; slow reactions
7. Sleeping too much or too little; insomnia
8. Feeling agitated, worthless, or hopeless
9. Withdrawal from friends and family
10. Diminished or increased appetite
11. Significant weight loss or gain
12. Recurring thoughts that life isn't worth living; thoughts of death or suicide
Page Ref: 36
Learning Outcome: 2.10.1
BT: Remembering
93) List Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top and give one example of each kind of
need.
Answer:
1. Bottom: Survival needs (food, water, sleep, exercise, sexual expression)
2. Security needs (shelter, safety, protection)
3. Social needs (belonging, affection, acceptance)
4. Esteem needs (self-respect, respect for others, accomplishment)
5. Top: Self-actualization (creativity, spirituality, fulfillment of potential)
Page Ref: 22
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2
BT: Remembering
94) Describe three of the six personality traits that psychologically healthy people possess.
Answer: (any three of the following)
1. Extroversion—the ability to adapt to a social situation and demonstrate assertiveness, power,
and/or interpersonal involvement
2. Agreeableness—the ability to conform, be likable, and demonstrate friendly compliance and
love
3. Openness to experience—the willingness to demonstrate curiosity and independence or
inquiring intellect
4. Emotional stability—the ability to maintain social control
5. Conscientiousness—being dependable and demonstrating self-control, discipline, and a need
to achieve
6. Resiliency—the ability to adapt to change and stressful events in healthy and flexible ways
Page Ref: 27
Learning Outcome: 2.3.1
BT: Remembering
21
95) List five strategies you can use to support and improve your own psychological health.
Answer: (any five of the following)
1. Find a support group
2. Complete required tasks
3. Form realistic expectations
4. Make time for you
5. Maintain physical health
6. Examine problems and seek help when necessary
7. Get adequate sleep
Page Ref: 29
Learning Outcome: 2.5.1
BT: Applying
22