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American Studies ID
First Contact and Revolution (1&2) 1491-1763
1501- Hernando De Soto
Hernando De Soto was a Spanish born explorer. It is not known what exact year
Hernando was born, but it is believed to be somewhere in between 1496 and 1501. He
was born into a lower class family with few moneys and almost no nobility. Although
Hernando had limited education, he had an extreme interest in adventure and exploration.
In 1514, Hernando was to make his first voyage to Central America with a man named
Pedro Arias de Avila. He served under Pedro as a lieutenant. With this role Hernando
was able to explore all over Central America in search for land and treasure. His biggest
mission came in 1531 as he joined Francisco Pizarro in the conquest of Peru. There, he
met the Incan Leader Atahualpa and achieved a friendly relationship with him. Later on
in Hernando’s life he was rewarded the title of governor of Cuba and the rights to explore
and conquer parts of what is now the southern part of the United States. In 1539 He
landed in Florida with a 620 man crew. Hernando explored all throughout the south
passing through North and South Carolina, into Tennessee onto Georgia and Alabama.
After crossing the Mississippi he explored Arkansas where he later died at the mouth of
the Arkansas river. He died of fever on May 21, 1542.
1545- Powhatan
“Powhatan” refers to both the Powhatan tribes of Indians who lived in Virginia and their
chief, Wahunsonacock, who was called “Chief Powhatan” by the English settlers. When
the first colonists arrived at Jamestown, Powhatan controlled more than thirty tribes. In
1614, his daughter Pocahontas married John Rolfe. The next few years were peaceful for
the settlers and Native Americans. After they both died a few years later, however,
Powhatan’s brother began fighting the colonists once again.
1580- John Smith
John Smith was an English explorer (January 9, 1580- June 1631), and one of the
founders of the settlement Jamestown in Virginia. He was one of settlers that sailed from
England for America in December 1606. He also explored the territory around New
England and the Chesapeake Bay. He is also associated with the Powhatan Indians when
they took him captive in the year 1607, and where he met Pocahontas. He went on to
explore more of the Chesapeake Bay, Potomac River, and the Rappahannock River. After
Smith was injured in a gunpowder explosion he left for England in October 1609, and
returned to America in 1614 but never went back to Virginia
1620- Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact, drafted and signed in 1620, was a document designed to
govern the people who came to New Plymouth on the Mayflower. Because many other
colonies before New Plymouth had encountered problems in their infancies, the people of
this new colony decided it would be in everybody’s best interest to write up an agreement
that would not only establish “just and equal laws” for the community but would allow a
greater unification to occur, helping them to survive without support from England. The
Mayflower Compact is also considered by some to be a foundation for the later
Constitution.
1712-George III
George Greenville was born October 12th, 1712 in Westminster, London. He was a
British Whig statesman and eventually became the Prime Minister of Great Britain. In
1754 he became the Treasurer of the Navy and seven years later he was the leader of the
commons. The Stamp Act was started by him in 1765 which created problems in the
American colonies. Colonists felt they were being taxed without consent and the Stamp
Act was one issue that led to the American Revolution.
1763- Peace of Paris
The Peace of Paris, also called Treaty of Paris was signed by Great Britain, Spain,
Portugal and France on February 10, 1763. The treaty ended the French and Indian War,
also called the Seven Years War.
1754-1763- 7 Years War
The Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War, occurred from 17541763. The War had two fronts: one in Europe between Prussia and Austria, and the
second in the future states between England and France, with colonialists siding with
England and various Indian Tribes siding with the French. This war was important
because it established England as the dominant world power. In 1764, in order to pay for
the cost of the French and Indian War, Parliament passed an act that had actually almost
been rejected that forced the colonialists to pay six pence per gallon of all foreign
molasses and sugar. This was first example of taxation without representation – which
eventually lead to America’s rise to the world’s superpower.
-John Smith
Jefferson Democracy (3)
1804- Sacajawea
Sacagawea was the main guide and interpreter for the Corps of Discovery (Lewis and
Clark’s team of explorers). Without her knowledge of the land, the languages, and the
people of the great west, Lewis and Clark’s expedition would have failed. Sacagawea did
not know any English, but her French husband acted as an interpreter. While Sacagawea
carried her son, Jean Baptiste, she collected the edible plants. She also prevented many
possible violent attacks from the other tribes because an Indian war party would never
travel with a woman and a child. Clark referred to Sacagawea as his “pilot.”
1751- James Madison
James Madison (March 16, 1751- June 28, 1836) was the fourth president of the United
States, served from 1809 to 1817, is widely considered one of the founding fathers of
America, and was one of the principal authors of the U.S. Constitution. He also wrote the
Bill of Rights for the Constitution and was an all around politician and political
philosopher, and in 1791, with Hamilton and Jefferson, Madison created the Republican
Party.
1765-Stamp Act Congress
Passed by Parliament on March 22, 1765 to tax every single piece of paper the colonist’s
used. The tax collected by the Parliament was to protect colonist from the natives west of
their colony. However, the colonist felt that the Stamp Act was too extreme. After all, the
Stamp Act did only little to help collect taxes. The Stamp Act was fully resisted by the
colonist because the colonist taught that if they allowed the parliament to create rule like
Stamp Act to pass, the Parliament would only create even more absurd law. Therefore,
the act was repealed on March 17, 1766.
1756- Aaron Burr
Before becoming vice-president to Thomas Jefferson in 1801, he was a lawyer, a member
of the New York State Assembly, and a senator. Burr was a member of the Republic
party. He was most famous for killing Alexander Hamilton, a long-time enemy of his, in
a duel in July of 1804. He was never tried for Hamilton’s murder even though he was
indicted. Later, in 1807, he was arrested for treason after it was discovered that he had
tried to establish and govern a separate commonwealth within the United States. He was
later acquitted.
-Whiskey Rebellion
1798-Alien and Sedition Acts
There were three parts; Naturalization act, Alien act, and sedition act. The Naturalization
act= required an immigrant to live in the U.S. for 14 years before they can become a
citizen. Alien Act= allowed the president to expel foreigners from the US if they
president believes they are dangerous to the nations peace and safety. Sedition Act=
Banned American citizents from saying, writing, or publishing any false, scandalous, or
malicious statements about the US government, congress or President. (Virginia and
Kentucky resolution—Jefferson and Madison)
1803- Maubury vs. Madison
Marbury v. Madison – This landmark Supreme Court case was a dispute where William
Marbury, the Justice of the Peace as appointed by President John Adams, tried to use the
Supreme Court to force the Secretary of State, James Madison, to give Marbury a
commission (legal document issued by a government granting one a title, monarchy,
enterprise or status). The reason this case has such significance is because it was the first
time something had been declared unconstitutional and it set in place the courts ability to
oversee the actions of the other branches of government, known as Judicial Review.
1803- Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon needs money because they are fighting against the British. Jefferson buys land
for 15 million dollars. Land west of Mississippi, doubled the size of the US
1804- 12th Admendment
The 12th Amendment (ratified on June 15 1804) to the United States Constitution was
adopted in order to make the situation occurring after the election of 1800 in which
Jefferson and Burr received tie votes in the Electoral College impossible. The
Amendment presents the procedure by which the President and Vice President are
elected. It states that the Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be a resident of the
same state as them. The person having the greatest Number of votes for President shall be
President. But, if no person has such majority, then from the persons having the highest
numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of
Representatives shall choose immediately choose the President by ballot.
1815- Battle of New Orleans
Took place after the Treaty of Ghent (1814, brings war to close). Jackson led Americans
to victory. Saw Jackson a National Figure/ Hero.
1823- Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe doctrine was a policy created for the U.S in Dec 2, 1823 that stated that any
more efforts of colonization or interference of the United States would be considered by
the U.S. as an act of aggression and allows U.S. intervention. The Monroe doctrine also
stated that the Western hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European
countries, and was first stated under US President James Monroe.
1800’s -Henry Clay
He was an American Statesman, U.S. Congressman, and U.S. Senator born on April 12,
1777 in Hanover County, Va., U.S. He went into politics when he moved to Kentucky.
He became popular by opposing the Alien and Sedition Act and also takes part in
Jeffersonian Republicans. He was not able to be the President of the United States, but he
became the secretary of state by supporting John Adams. He created a party named Whig
Party and came up with the American System that was supposed to strengthen and unify
the United States of America.
Jacksonian Democracy (4)
1776--- Declaration of Independence
1790- 2nd Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening is a religious revival movement during the early 19th
century in the United States. It marked especially on personal piety over schooling and
theology. And expressed every person could be saved through revivals which is
Armenian Theology. It enrolled many new members, and led to the formation of new
denominations. A huge amount of religious revival spread westward during the first half
of the century. In northern New England, social activism took precedence, and in western
New York, the movement encouraged the growth of new denominations. The revivals of
the west were much more emotional than those in the east. The Second Great Awakening
stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of
society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ
1815- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and American leader in the women’s rights movement.
She was the first to organize demand for women’s suffrage in the U.S. 1851
she worked with Susan B. Anthony in which they remained active 50 years after the
first convention. Together they made several tours on behalf of the women’s suffrage.
Got married women the rights to their wages and children.
1816- Second Bank of U.S.
In 1816, the 2nd National Bank was charted. It was located in Carpenters Hall,
Philadelphia, where the first national bank of the United States used to be. The main
reason that the bank was created was the war of 1812. After this war, the currency of the
United States faced extreme inflation. The United States credit was lower than it had ever
been. The bank helped with the inflation (rise of prices, value drops) because the United
States government had access to large financial profits. The 2nd National Bank went
bankrupt in 1841.
1820’s & 1830’s-Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson: (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the 17th President of the United
States (1829–1837). He was the military governor of pre-admission Florida (1821),
commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans (1815), and the face of
the era of Jacksonian democracy. Jackson was a polarizing figure who dominated
American politics in the 1820s and 1830s. His political ambition, combined with
widening political participation, shaped the modern Democratic Party. The legacy of
Jackson is now seen as somewhat mixed. On the one hand he is seen as a protector of
popular democracy and individual liberty for American citizens. But on the other, he is
seen as a supporter for slavery and Indian removal. Renowned for his toughness, he was
nicknamed "Old Hickory". As he based his career in developing Tennessee, Jackson was
the first president primarily associated with the American frontier.
1803-Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on May 25th, 1803 in Boston. Emerson is known as a
very influential author, thinker, and philosopher. On a trip to Europe, Emerson met a
number of intellectuals whose ideas mixed with those of Plato and some Hindu,
Buddhist, and Persian thinkers to influence his philosophy of Transcendentalism.
Transcendentalism is any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual
above the empirical and material.
1818- Missouri Compromise
In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood; this caused a lot of confusion for
politicians in Washington. They couldn’t decide whether to make Missouri “free” or not
free. Henry Clay came up with an idea that the state of Maine becomes free and Missouri
slave. This made both the north and the south twelve states strong. This is known as one
of Clay’s many compromises.
1828-South Carolina Exposition
Congress increased the import tariff. “Tariff of abomination”. Hard for southerners to
make a profit because they mostly sell cotton. If you rise the prices, then they might
strike back and do the same thing. John Calhoun attempted to free South Carolina from
the Tariff. He said if a state found an act of congress to be unconstitutional, then it coul
declare the law void within its boarders. Henry Clay makes deal in 1833 for tariff to be
lowered over time.
1830- Trail of Tears
Jackson Hated Indians and the Federal Government funded treaties that Forced tribes
west. The Cherokee tribe in Georga refused to leave and they were supported by the
Supreme Court—they alredy adapted to the American culture and are civilized. Jackson
VETOED the supreme court and did not listen to them The trais of tears followed the
courts ruling as the US troops rounded up the Cherokee and drove them west, mostly on
foot. Thousands die. They were forced to leave, they were not prepared. Mostly in the
winter.
1831- The Liberator
The Liberator was a newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison about the rights of
Black Americans and how he was against slavery. The first issue was published in 1831
and the last issue was published in the end of the civil war in 1865. He faced a lot of
scrutiny for the paper, but he continued to stand up for what he believed
-William Lloyd Garrison
1848- Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention in the US was held at the Wesleyan Methodist
Church in Seneca Falls (Seneca Co) on July 19-20, 1848. This public meeting on focused
on equality between men and women socially and economically. It was sparked by
women in the abolition movement, long-standing discussions of equality among New
York State reformers, and an emerging determination among the first women's rights
activists to redress gender inequality. (Isenberg) The women that led the convention were
Elizabeth Cady Stanton joined by Jane Hunt, Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, and Mary
Ann M’Clintok. At the end of two days, 100 people made the effort to improve the lives
of women in the US. Declaration- used by the same language of Declaration of
Independence. Using documents against them
Antebellum (5)
1800’s-James K. Polk
Last of the Jacksonian era of Presidency, Polk was the last strong President before the
Civil War. As a young politician he served in the Tennessee legislature and befriended
Andrew Jackson. In the House of Representatives he served as the Chief Lieutenant
under Andrew Jackson in his Bank War. He served as Speaker of the House between
1835 and 1839, leaving to become the Governor of Tennessee. Polk was a democrat. He
supported the Mexican war- 1850-1861. Acquire Oregon, Texas, and California.
1800’s- Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was a concept in the 1800s which influenced many American policies
and the rapid expansion westward. Manifest Destiny was never and official government
policy it did influence the passage of the Homestead Act which encouraged westward
colonization and territorial acquisition
1846- Mexican- American War
The Mexican war began in April 25, 1846; with a Mexican attack on American troops
along the southern boarder of Texas. All fighting seized When U.S. General Winfield
Scott took control of Mexico City on September 14, 1847. Months later, Mexico signed a
peace treaty with America on February 2nd, 1848 in Guadalupe Hidalgo. In addition to
defeating Mexico, America received the territories of Texas, California, and New
Mexico. They are all present-day states of southwest America.
1847- Wilmont Priviso
In 1846, a Democratic Pennsylvanian member of the House of Representatives by the
name of David Wilmot proposed the “Wilmot Proviso.” After the United States had
defeated Mexico in the Mexican war, a bill was to be paid to Mexico for the land which
was seized. David Wilmot attached the Proviso to this appropriations bill. The Wilmot
Proviso would have prevented the expansion of slavery into the newly conquered land,
however on February 1, 1847, the Proviso was denied by the Senate. Although the
Proviso never went into effect, it still played a major role in the history of the United
States by dividing the North and South even more over the discussion of slavery.
Prohibited slavery in any territory acquire from Mexico. Defeated in 1846. Popular
Sovereignty.
1850- Compromise of 1580
The Compromise of 1850 first introduced by US Senator Henry Clay and was composed
of five bills. He first presented the compromise on January 29, 1850. 1. California enters
the Union as a free state. 2. Slavery in Utah and New Mexico would be decided by
popular sovereignty. 3. Texas boarder was settled and debt paid. 4. Outlawed slave trade
in DC (slavery is still legal). 5. Fugitive Slave Law
1854- Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed people in the territories (now states) of Kansas and
Nebraska to decide for themselves as a territory whether or not to allow slavery. It was
passed on May 30, 1854 and repealed the Missouri Compromise. The North was furious
with this decision, as they thought the Missouri Compromise was a long-standing
agreement. The South strongly supported it. Soon after the Act was made, pro-slavery
and anti-slavery supporters settled to Kansas to affect the outcome of their first election.
Soon, Kansas had two separate legislatures. Violence and bloodshed over anti-slavery
and pro-slavery supporters gave Kansas the nickname "bloody Kansas". In the end, antislavery settlers outweighed pro-slavery settlers and in 1861, just before the start of the
Civil War, Kansas became a part of the Union as a "free state"
-Abe Lincolns “Spot Resolutions”
Civil War (6) 1861-1865
1857- Dred Scott Case
He was a slaved who lived in free territory with his owner. His owner moved back to
slave state then died. Scott had abolitionist attorneys file a law suit for him, and it made it
all the way to the supreme court. Rodger Taney was the Judge and he wrote the decision.
Dred Scott can not recide freedom, blacks are not citizents but rather properity. He also
said that congress could not prohibit slavery, only states have this power. This repealed
the Missouri Compromise. North MAD. This means that slavery could spread through the
territories. South HAPPY. This turns slavery into a national problem, rips country apart.
1861- Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy) was an unrecognized
state set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven southern slave states of the United States of
America that had declared their secession from the U.S. The U.S. government rejected
secession as illegal, and after four years of fighting in the American Civil War, the
Confederate armies surrendered, its government collapsed, and its slaves were
emancipated. The CSA's control over its claimed territory shrank steadily during the
course of the war, as the Union took control of much of the seacoast and inland
waterways.
1862- Antietam
With McClellan and Lee still in charge, the Army of Northern Virginia was confronted in
Sharpsburg, Maryland. But even after both armies consolidated their lines and after many
were wounded and they fought to a standstill, Lee ordered a withdrawal to the
Shenandoah Valley and that day, September 17th, 1862, went down as the bloodiest day
of the Civil War. The estimated total of lives lost, both armies included, was 23,100 men.
After this battle, President Lincoln had the opportunity to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation, declaring all slaves in the States free. Lincoln reconcidered his views of
war and slavery.
1862- Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln was a supporter of the emancipation of slaves from as early on as 1849.
After the Union’s victory over the South at Antietam in 1862, Lincoln stated that unless
the Confederate’s re-joined the Union by the following year, freedom would be granted.
Since none of the rebellious stated agreed to this offer, Abraham Lincoln presented the
Emancipation Proclamation on January 1. This proclamation stated that any slaves within
the states under the Union would be “forever free.” Although this proclamation did not
free all slaves in the U.S, it did allow African American soldiers to fight for the Union,
which was needed.
1863- Gettysburg Address
After the turning point of the Civil War took place in the bloody battle of Gettysburg,
President Lincoln was invited to give a speech. He spoke for only about two minutes but
he saw meaning in the fact that the Union victory at Gettysburg coincided with the
nation’s birthday. Instead of focusing on the specific battle, he wanted to present a broad
statement about the larger significance of the war. He spoke of the Declaration of
Independence, and its principles of liberty and equality. He also spoke of “a new birth of
freedom” for the nation. He reshaped the ideological struggle of the South and Union into
a war that was fought for the importance of freedom and Union. (National Achieves and
Records Administration)
1865-Radical Republicans
They had 2 main goals. 1- Punish south for causing Civil War. 2- Fought to protect the
rights of former slaves. Some radical republicans are Thaeddus Stevens and Charles
Sumner. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1867. They want to improve the lives of
newly black slaves. Passes military construction act--- divided up south into military
district to make sure blacks have the right to vote without being harmed.
Reconstruction (7) 1865-1877
1866- Ku Klux Klan
Terrorist groups that operate in the south during the mid 1870’s. You can control the
black population by intimidating them. They are just trying to control them, not get rid of
them. It is a minority population controlling majority population that is trying to keep
them from exercising their political rights. The members are prominent members of
society, take pride in being art of the organization. INTIMIDATION
1800’s -Susan B. Anthony
Born and raised Quaker in Adams, Massachusetts she learned that drinking was sinful.
She became very active in the temperance movement, but as a woman could not speak in
the rallies. She was a very headstrong woman who traveled around the country promoting
women’s rights and abolition of slavery. She wanted women to be able to have property
rights, their own earnings, and labor organizations. In 1900 she was convinced the
University of Rochester in New York to admit women.
1865-Radical Reconstruction
Former confederate states were military occupied by U.S. Troops, southern state would re
enter union, ratify 14th amendment. Against Lincolns 10% plan. Wade- Davis. They want
to see the south suffer. They say that 50% (instead of Lincolns 10%) of the population
that voted in the 1860 election has to declare loyalty to the Union and take the oath of
allegiance
1863- Vicksburg
Union controlled Mississippi. Turning point of the war. Grant’s victory.
1863- Gettysburg
Lee invaded the north, confronted by the Union at Gettysburg. Union won. Lee lost ½ his
army
1792-Thaddeus Stevens
He served in the state legislature from 1833-1842. He was also elected to congress in
1848. Thaddeus was best known for his equality of people, rich and poor, black and
white. Stevens also was a key person in the impeachment of Johnson. Goal= economic
opposition for former slaves.
1865- 13th Amendment
Prohibited Slaver
1868- 14th Amendment
Everyone is a citizen, equal rights under the law. Civil rights to the freedmen without
franchise
1870- 15th Amendment
Black suffrage. Guarantee vote to all African American men.
1808-Jefferson Davis
The leader of the confederacy Jefferson Davis was a huge military and political figure in
the 1800’s.In 1835 he was the senator from Mississippi and was a US Congressmen from
1845-1846 and then again from 1857 to 1861, although, his term was cut short because of
the secession of Mississippi from the U.S. On February 18, 1861, the provisional
congress of the Confederacy made him provisional president and was elected to office by
popular vote in the same year and inaugurated for a six year term in the then confederate
capital of Richmond, Virginia.
Gilded Age (8) 1877-1896
1857- Comstock Load
Find raw material that can make an industrial economy like silver and copper. They
found “mother load”
1862- Homestead Act
Citizens could get 160 acres of land for a small fee. If you were willing to move, you
could get a huge amount of land for a very small price. Increases westward movement!!!
Population foes from 300 thousand to 5 million in 40 years!
1862- Transcontinental Railroad
President Abraham Lincoln was persuaded to think that building transcontinental
railroads would be beneficial to U.S.’s military. In 1862, the government passed the
Pacific Railway Act that merged Central Pacific Railroads with Union Pacific Railroads.
National Government heavily involved.
1861-Andrew Carnegie
Steel Industry- Vertical integration--- control all portions of manufacturing process from
raw materials to transportation to manufactures to distribution.
1879- John Rockefeller
Standard oil industry. He undercut competition by lowering his prices then raising them
after buying out rivals. He was greedy- negative image. Horizontal integration--controlled about 90% of U.S. oil in 1879. Vertical integration--- controlled production
and transportations of oil to market
1900’s- Tammany Hall
Political machines and political corruption
1869- Knights of Labor
These were skilled and unskilled laborers that came together. 8000,000 members in 1886.
Their goal was equal pay, end to child labor, 8 hour work day, and income tax
1886- Haymarket Riot
Demonstration for an 8 hour work day. A bomb was thrown at the police when they told
the meeting to separate, which made them react and start shooting at the crowd. This
became known as the Haymarket Riot. American Federation of Labor-1884- just skilled!
1887- Daws Act
End of the treaty system. Land Parcles: offered to the tribes that adopted civilized
methods. “leftover land” was given to white settlers. The goverments goals is
assimilation. Paticipitaion was mandatory. The impact was 2/3 of tribal land was lost and
given to the whites
1890- Battle of Wounded Knee
When Sioux found out that their free-roaming life destroyed, they confined to
reservations dependent on Indian Agents for their existence. So the Indians danced the
Ghost Dance to hasten the event and soon it spread through the Sioux villages of the
Dakota. Indian’s Ghost Dance brought fear to the whites, so the whites arrested the Chief
Sitting Bull and killed him on December 15th. The massacre at Wounded Knee
effectively defeated the Ghost Dance movement and ended the Indian Wars. By 1900, the
population of Native Americans was at an all time low of 250,000.
1892- Ellis Island
This is the entry point of immigration of the east coast. This leads to the growth of citiesliving conditions plummet, squalor. Ellis Island becomes a symbol of people can come to
America and recreate yourself and succeed. Remake your world.
Progressivism (9) 1896-1920
1902- USS Mine
Mine owners were going on a strike about wages and their hours. They refused to meet
with the Union Leaders. Roosevelt mediated a dispute. Victory for laborers because it
shows how Roosevelt defended labor rights
1913- 16th Amendment
Congress has the authority to impose an income tax
1917- 17th Amendment
Direct elections of US senators are by the people in each state.
1920’s- Model T Ford
Fords assembly line brought down the price. The Model T was the dominant car in the
mid 1920’s. Ended isolationism of some rural areas.
-National Conservative Commission
-Gifford Pinchot
1906- Pure Food and Drug Act
Upton Sinclair published a book called “the jungle” which talked about meat package
industry. Roosevelt’s response was this act. The act requires accurate labeling of
ingredients and there are sanitary requirements.
1913- Federal Reserve Act
Established 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks to supervise the banking system, setting
intrest rates on loans to private banks, and controlling the supply of money in circulation.
Trying to restore peoples faith in the Banks.
-Committee of Public Information
-Birth of a Nation
-NY Journal
-William Randolph Hearst
-Treaty of Versailles
1920- Alice Paul
National American Women’s Suffrage Association. Agitation and the winning plan. Birth
control- average women had 10 children. Gender- women still can not vote
-League of Nations
-Jane Addams
-Hull House
New Deal (10) 1929-1940
-Return to Normalcy
1929- Black Tuesday
The stock market begins to crash. On October 24, 1929 the prices plummeted.
-Henry Wallace
1930’s- Dust Bowl
-John Maynard Keynes
1935- Social Security Act
-Wagner Act
-The Scopes Trial
1933- Tennessee Valley Authority
1930- Teapot Dome Scandal
-Sacco and Vanzetti
-Court Packing
-Father Coughlin
-New Negro Movement
-Lend- Lease Program
Cold War (11) 1945-1991)
-Harry S. Truman
-Iran Hostage Crisis
- Cubin Missile Crisis
-Three Mile Island
-Korean War
-Tet Offensive
-HUAC
-Great Society
-Greensboro Sit-in’s
-The Beat Generation
-Watergate
-Civil Rights Act 1964
-Martin Luther King
-New World Order
-Berlin Wall
-Brown and Board Education
-Malcolm X
-Massive Resistance
-Détente
-Marshall Plan
-Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan