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CHAPTER 3
Concepts in Physics
I.
Rationale for understanding physics
A.
B.
II.
III.
Force
A. Definition of force
1. Internal
a.
2. External
a.
b.
Newton's laws of motion
A. Inertia
1.
B.
2.
Acceleration and momentum
1.
2.
C.
3.
Action-reaction
1.
2.
IV.
Center of gravity
A. Center of gravity of parts of body
B. Center of gravity of the human body
1.
2.
3.
4.
V.
VI.
VII.
5.
Stability and fixation
A. Line of gravity
B. Base of support
C.
Stability
1.
2.
3.
D.
Fixation
1.
2.
3.
E. Examples of stabilization and fixation in therapeutic exercise
Body levers
A. Definition of lever
B. Definition of primary components
1.
2.
3.
C.
First-class lever =
D.
Second-class lever =
E.
Third-class lever =
F.
Effects of levers
Levers and force
A. Linear motion versus angular motion
B. Torque
1.
2.
C.
D.
VIII.
Line of pull
1.
2.
3.
Angle of pull
1.
2.
Physiological muscle advantages
A. Basic concepts
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Multijoint muscles
1. Active insufficiency =
2.
C.
IX.
Passive insufficiency =
Summation of forces
1.
Definitions of additional concepts in physics
A. Strength
B. Work
C.
Power
D.
Energy
1.
2.
E. Velocity
F.
Acceleration and deceleration
1.
2.
G.
Elasticity
H.
I.
Stress and Strain
1.
2.
Creep
J.
Structural fatigue
1. Endurance limit
2. Fatigue failure
3. Cumulative-trauma injuries
4. Acute-trauma injuries
K.
Friction