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Download Major Events of WWII
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Major Events of WWII Blitzkrieg in Poland - Hitler invades Poland, Sept. 1939 - France and Germany declare war on Germany France falls to Germany - Miracle of Dunkirk Occupied and Unoccupied France (Vichy - Nazi sympathizers) ‘The Blitz’ in London - Germany bombs England for months, night and day - Edward R. Murrow reports via radio to the American people, bringing the problem home Tripartite Treaty - 1940 Germany, Italy, Japan form Axis Powers Fall 1941 - German U-boats begin attacking U.S. ships, FDR orders Navy to shoot U-boats on sight (still no declaration of war) December 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor attacked by Japanese - U.S. declares war on Japan, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. Bataan Death March, December 1941- General MacArthur struggles in Asia, ordered to retreat to Australia - some Americans remain behind - May 1942, soldiers surrender, Japan forces the POWs to march 55 miles to ride a train and then 8 more miles 7,000 American and Filipino troops died Doolittle Raid/Battle of Coral Sea - Nighttime raid planned, Americans detected so commence raid immediately - small victory, but huge for morale; In early May, during Pacific storm, Japan and America fight - forces Japan to call off attack on New Guinea emphasized the use of aircraft carriers and planes June 1941 - Hitler invades Soviet Union - Raid on Stalingrad proves too much - Russian winter and terrain prove too much - turning point of war in Europe Plan for Allies to control North Africa to prepare for invading Italy; El Alamein - October 1942, major victory for Allies, allows them to push westward; Eisenhower commands troops in invasion of North Africa February 1943 - German General Rommel (Desert Fox) leads troops against Americans at Tunisia - lack of supplies force Rommel to retreat George S. Patton (Old Blood and Guts), a tank commander, put in charge in North Africa - May 1943, German and Italian forces in Africa surrendered January 1943 - Allies meet to strategize - Allies decided to increase bombing in Germany and invade Italy and Allies would only accept an unconditional surrender July 1943 - Eisenhower leads invasion of Italy hoping to trap Axis powers in Sicily - Axis escapes to mainland - did give Allies complete control of western Mediterranean September 3, 1943, Mussolini surrenders to Allies (5 weeks later declare war on Germany - Hitler rescues Mussolini and places him in power in northern Italy Starting in 1942 - Air Force launches attack on Germany - British practiced saturation bombing; Americans practiced strategic bombing - Tuskegee Airmen play key role - 20% casualty rate Battle of Midway - turning point of war in the Pacific - Midway was an American naval base in the Central Pacific - Admiral Nimitz became aware of the Japanese plans to control Midway and force Americans back to California 1943 sees the Allied leaders arguing about strategy Soviet Union had carried the burden in Europe wants to open second front in France - finally at the end of the Teheran Conference, The Big Three agree to open a second front in France - Code named Operation Overlord (D-Day) Invasion of Normandy (D-Day June 6, 1944) Eisenhower is supreme commander, British General Montgomery commander of armed forces, U.S. General Bradley led First Army 21 American divisions, 26 British, Canadian and Polish divisions land on beaches of Normandy with more than 4,400 ships and landing crafts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCEFOx5Hc2Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqSg7WO4tT4 Involved a deception - Allies created a fictional army under Patton - fake offices, cardboard tanks, detectable radio traffic - wanted Germans to prepare for attack at Calais - it worked Omaha beach saw biggest casualties - Germany had fortified area with guns and mines - first off the boats were shot down; Allies are able to get into France and within a month troops are in Berlin Germany again faces a two front war after D-Day August 1944, Paris liberated, people celebrate July 20, 1944, Rommel and others plot to overthrow Hitler - not successful, Rommel commits suicide Battle of the Bulge - Hitler’s last ditch effort - dresses soldiers as Americans and causes other confusion; Allies caught by surprise - created a bulge in American line - bad weather does not allow air force to combat, finally skies clear and Americans can launch an assault in the air In April 1945, Mussolini attempts to escape to Switzerland, is captured and executed Hitler and a few others commit suicide on April 30, 1945 Late April, FDR passes away and Harry S Truman becomes president May 7, 1945, Germany surrenders to Eisenhower celebrated as V-E day (Victory in Europe) Pacific war continues - America follows a strategy of island hopping Japanese service men rather than surrender would kill themselves; kamikaze pilots deliberately crashed their planes Iwo Jima – one of fiercest battles of island hopping – February/March 1945 – famous photograph records the U.S. victory – which came at a great loss of lives Okinawa – April 1945 – most complex and costly campaign in the Pacific – in single night B-29 bombers destroyed 16 square miles of Tokyo Manhattan Project – Einstein and Oppenheimer develop Atomic weapons; President Truman must decide whether or not to use them; Deciding Japan would not surrender until every last man was gone, the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki was made August 15 V-J (Victory in Japan) Day – although official surrender does not come until September 2 Schindler’s List http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLSI8z6EcAs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmyP-ljev68 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIp_8RNNX4k