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Cellular Respiration: The breakdown of glucose to release energy to make ATP's. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 --------------> ATP + CO2 + H2O (energy) (energy) Photosynthesis Sunlight + CO2 + H2O --------------> C6H12O6 + O2 (energy) (energy) A = Oxygen B = Glucose C = CO2 D = H 2O Cellular Respiration Overview Aerobic Respiration: The complete breakdown of glucose with oxygen resulting in lots of ATP's, CO2, H20. Phase 1: Glycolysis Reactions Reactions take place in the cytoplasm of cells. Reactants Products Glucose 4 ATP's 2 ATP's 2 NADH's 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules Phase 2: The Kreb's Cycle Reactions. Gets rid of Pyruvic Acid. Reactions take place in the fluid filled Matrix in a mitochondria. Reactant Pyruvic Acid Products Total for 2 Pyruvic Acid Molecules 4 NADH's 8 NADH's 1 FADH 2 FADH's 1 ATP 2 ATP'S CO2 Phase 3: The Electron Transport System (ETS) Reactions. Gets rid of NADH & FADH Reactions take place in the inner membrane Cristae of a mitochondria. Reactants Products NADH H 2O FADH ATP's O2 **** 2 ATP/FADH and 3 ATP/NADH Aerobic Respiration totals for 1 Glucose molecule: From Glycolysis and Krebs 10 NADH's ----ETS------> 30 ATP's 2 FADH's ----ETS------> 4 ATP's ATP's from Glycolysis and Kreb's ---------> 6 ATP's Total ATP production for one molecule of glucose: 40 ATP (gross) Activiation energy needed for Glycolysis: -2 ATP Grand Total/Glucose: 38 ATP *Overall yield is probably around 36 ATP due to the active transport of Glycolysis' NADH into the mitochondria. Anaerobic Respiration: The incomplete breakdown of glucose WITHOUT OXYGEN resulting in a few ATP's and other high energy molecules. Two types of anaerobic respiration; Alcoholic Fermentation (yeast cells) and Lactic Acid Fermentation (higher animal muscle tissue during heavy activity). Alcoholic Fermentation: yeast cells Glycolysis Reactions + an additional step (in cytoplasm). Reactants Products Glucose 4 ATP's (gross) 2 ATP's 2 NADH's 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules additional step Reactants 2 Pyruvic Acid molecule 2 NADH's Products Ethyl Alcohol CO2 Lactic Acid Fermentation: your muscles cells can do this during heavy exertion. Glycolysis Reactions + an additional step (in cytoplasm). Reactants Products Glucose 4 ATP's (gross) 2 ATP's 2 NADH's 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules additional step Reactants 2 Pyruvic Acid molecule Products Lactic Acid (produces muscle fatigue and burn) 2 NADH's In both types of anaerobic respiration, the net yield per glucose molecule is 2 ATP. This is considerable less than aerobic respiration's yield (~ 38 ATP).
