Download Name: Date: Period:______ Chapter 15 Study Guide What term

Name:______________________________
Date:_______________________________
Period:_______
Chapter 15 Study Guide
1. What term refers to the social, political, and economic relationships that had were prevalent in Europe?
2. When did this period end?
Major Features of Life in the Old Regime
List the four basic social characteristics of pre-revolutionary Europe:
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7. What laws required people of different classes to distinguish themselves by their dress?
8. What rights did 18th century Europeans enjoy?
The Aristocracy
9. What percent of 18th century Europe were considered part of the nobility?
List four characteristics of the 18th century aristocrats:
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14. Where did the smallest, wealthiest, and best defined aristocracy reside?
15. How many families made up Britain’s aristocracy?
16. What position was given to the oldest male heir of each family?
17. What was the name for the right to sit in the House of Lords?
18. What were the two divisions in the French nobility?
19. What is the French equivalent of our modern day income tax?
20. Who became the King of Prussia in 1740?
21. What name was given to the noble class in Prussia?
22. In which century was the Russian nobility created?
List four things that Russian nobles did in the 18th century: (Aspects of the aristocratic resurgence.)
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The Land and its Tillers
27. What was the economic basis of 18th century life?
28. Where would serfdom be found in 18th century Europe?
29. What was the practice of forced labor imposed on French peasants?
30. Where were surfs worst off?
31. How many peasant revolts took place in Russia from 1762 to 1769?
32. What was the largest peasant uprising of the 18th century?
33. What gave English landowners the exclusive right to hunt game animals from 1671 to 1831?
Family Structures and the Family Economy
34. What economy developed in pre-industrial Europe that developed on farms and merchant shops?
35. What process encompassed teens leaving their home to eventually marry and establish their own households?
36. Before what age did most men and women marry in Eastern Europe?
37. How many generations would live together in a rural household in Russia?
Answer the following four questions about “The Family Economy”:
38. Who in the household worked?
39. What sent to the benefit of the household rather than the individual family member?
40. What dominated the life of skilled urban artisans?
41. Where did the family economy function in the context of serfdom?
42. What was a woman to give upon marrying in order to contribute to the household’s capitol?
43. What was the dominant concern of married women in pre-industrial Europe?
Answer the following five questions about “Children in the 18th Century”:
44. To who were most infants sent to? For how long?
45. How was the birth of a child received?
46. What happened to the number of illegitimate births during the 18th century?
47. What was associated with rising food prices?
48. What became more valuable for children in the 18th century?
The Revolution in Agriculture
49. What happened to bread prices during the 18th century?
50. Who were the most active proponents of agricultural innovations?
51. Which country saw the most improvement in agricultural methods in the eighteenth century?
List four agricultural methods used by the Dutch to increase productivity:
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56. Who was willing to conduct agricultural experiments?
57. Who instituted crop rotation in England?
58. Who pioneered new methods in animal breeding?
59. What were intended to use land more rationally and to achieve greater profits?
60. What did enclosures bring to the economic and social life of the countryside?
61. What did enclosures do to food production?
62. Who did enclosures force off the land?
63. What was Europe’s population by 1800?
64. What New World product allowed a more certain food supply in Europe and enabled more children to survive
to adulthood?
65. How many acres of potatoes are needed to feed a family for an entire year?
The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century
List four results of European industrialization:
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70. What happened to disposable income over the course of the 18th century?
71. Who would manufactures sell to once they gained the aristocracies business with luxury goods?
72. What catalogs were used by salesmen on the Continent?
73. What was used to replace older goods and fashions?
74. What would a failure provide a manufacturer?
75. What revolution started in Britain in the 18th century?
76. What was the single largest free-trade area in Europe during the 18th century?
77. What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?
78. Who invented the flying shuttle?
79. Who invented the spinning jenny?
80. What invention led to the production of purely cotton fabric?
81. Who invented it?
82. What were 18th century mills located by?
83. Who invented the power loom?
84. What invention made it possible for industrialization to spread anywhere?
85. Who perfected the steam engine?
86. What engine found its first commercial application pumping water from mines?
List four things that the steam engine had been applied to:
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91. What was the chief element of heavy industry in the Industrial Revolution?
92. What happened to the role of women in the work force as the Industrial Revolution progressed?
93. Which group made great economic contributions to Europe’s economy?
The Growth of Cities
94. What cities grew more vigorously between 1600 and 1750?
95. What advised people to wash only the parts of their bodies that could be seen in public?
96. What was the largest single group in eighteenth century cities?
97. Who determined who could pursue a craft?
98. What framework did guilds provide?
99. What social benefits could and artisan receive from the guilds?
100. Where were guilds particularly strong?