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文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 欧洲文化入门试卷(必须 55 页) 本文档下载自文档下载网,内容可能不完整,您可以点击以下网址继续阅读或下载: http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html 2010 年 10 月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试 欧洲文化入门 第一部分 试卷 选择题 (共 40 分 2 points each) 1.The Romans conquered Greece in . A.146 B.C. B.500 B.C. C.700 B.C. D.1200 B.C. 2.The playwright who contributed greatly to Greek tragic art was B.Aristophanes C.Herodotus D.Homer 3.The greatest of Latin poets was A.Horace B.Virgil C.Homer D.Cicero 4.Daniel was taken prisoner to after the fall of Jerusalem. A.Egypt B.Persia C.Babylon D.Assyria A.Sophocles 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 5.David was . A.a Hebrew king B.the boy who killed Goliath C.the man who made Jerusalem the capital D.all of the above 6.In the formative period of feudalism, the bishops were themselves A.scholars B.hermits C.feudal lords D.knights 7.As a result of the Crusades,luxuries of the East poured into the West.They were spices. perfume . hand . woven carpets and://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlar A.tea B.Chinaware C.silk 8.Martin Luther held that A.the Church D.silverware was the supreme authority. B.the Bible C.the Pope D.Jesus 9.Ophelia is a character in Shakespeare’s A.Hamlet B.Othello C.Macbeth D.Merchant of Venice 10.The Reformation shattered Medieval Church’s stifling control over man.thus paving the way for A.economic development B.free thinking C.capitalism D.progress 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 11.Galile0,because he refused to compromise.was tried by A.the College of Cardinals C.the Spanish court B.the Italian court D.the Inquisition 12.To Newton,space and time are absolute,to Einstein,motion and space are . A.relative B.unlimited C.infinite 13.“A Modest Proposal” was written by A.Defoe B.Swift C.Diderot D.1imited . D.Fielding http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html14 . Shelley called poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world” in his A.Prometheus unbound B.Defence of Poetry C.1yrics D.Ode to the West Wind 15.Schumann stood as the typical example of the influence of A.revolutionary ideals B.philosophy C.1iterature upon music. D.religion 16.According to Darwin,becomes a mechanism for evolutionary change. A.natural selection B.process C.adaptation D.variation 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 17.Zola believed almost blindly A.Social Darwinism B.Utopian Socialism C.pragmatism D.scientific determinism 18.The writer who devoted himself to the novel of social condition in England in the 19 th cen- tury was . A.Thomas.Hardy B.William Makepeace Thackeray C.George Eliot D.Charles Dickens 19.The contribution made by Pierre and Maris Curie is http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlA.the discovery of atomic nucleus B.the discovery of radium C.the discovery of X—rays D.the discovery of relativity 20.To the New Novelists,plot,action,narrative,ideas and analysis of characters are A.no longer important B.still very important C.of equal importance D.none of the above 第二部分 非选择题 (共 60 分) 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ PART TWO II.In the foliowing part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles,names of organizations, works or remarks.Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding ti- tie,organization,work,or remark in the right hand column and put the number a or b or e in the bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each) 21.St.Jerome 22.Schiller (a)“The die is cast.” (b)Lettres Anglaise ://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html23 (C)Mother 24.Francois Rabelais (d)Gargantua and Pantagruel 25.Walt Whitman (e)Fathers and Sons 26.Thomas Hobbes (f)Ode to a Nightingale 27.Corky 28.Turgenev (g)Leaves of Grass (h)the Vulgate . Keats 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 29.Julius Caesar (i)founder of modem German literature 30.Voltaire (j)author of Leviathan III.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,2 points each) 31.Which are the most famous temples in ancient Greece? 32.What did Horace mean when he said.“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.”? 33.Why were Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire? 34.HOW shall we define the Catholic Church? 35 . What made Italy lose its supremacy in http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlworld trade in the late l5th century? 36.What was Hobbes’s view of the nature of man? 37.What kind of a novel is Les Miserables7 . 38.What did Kant try to reconcile in “Critique of Pure Reason”? 39.Why did literature become the voice of the people in Russia in the l 9 th century? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 40.What are the major interests of new novelists? IV.Explain each of the following terms in English.Write your answer in the corre sponding space on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words.(20 points,5 points each) 41.Plato’s and Democritus’ views of the world 42.Noah’s Ark 43.John Wyclif 44.Mark Twain V. Write between l00—120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points) 45.What is the role of Turgenev in Russian literature? 2001 年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试 http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html 欧洲文化入门试卷 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ I. Multiple Choice (40%) 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and eraotional upheaval. A. Sophists 2 B. Cynics D. Epicureans _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes 3. C. Skeptics B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by __璤_____, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a schttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlulptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote. B. Hamlet C. leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly C. Divine Comedy B. As You Like It D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in thehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html West. A. Machiavelli B. Dante' C. Bacon D. Locke 9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. Copernicus 10. During the _________ century, the modem scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and" experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. A. 18th B. 15 th C. 16 th D. 17 th 11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power." A.. Isaac Newton B. Francis Bacon C. John Locke D. Marx 12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material--theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, aesthehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmltic, scientific, musical, and literary. A. Goethe B. Defoe C. Rousseau D. Byron 13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer? A. Wordsworth B. Shelley C. Pushkin D. Balzac 14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________. A. the power of reason B. individual freedom 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. spontaneity D. love of nature 15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________. A. Wordsworth C. Pushkin B. Keats D. Shelley 16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music. A. Tchaikovsky C. Beethoven B. Chopin D. Mozart ://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __ A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life" 18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy? A. Resurrection B. War and Peace 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. Crime and Punishment D. Anna Karenina 19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________. A. democracy C. the idyllic way of life B. the dignity of the individual D. the brotherhood of man 20. Modernism was characterized by ________. A. a conscious rejection ofhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html established rules, traditions and conventions B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relations C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless D. all of the above. II. True - False (20%) 1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus, which marked the beginning of Olympic Games. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were active in Athens in the 6 th century A. D. 3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct, "have had an abiding interest for later generations. 4. Christianity remained an object of oppression throughout the hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistory of Roman Empire. 5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. 6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding that only those especially selected by God will be saved. 7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power is absolute. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. 9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the senses might deceive us. 10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason. http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html . Explain the Following Terms. (25 % ) 1. Pax Romana 2. The Crusades 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 3. Gothic 4. Reformation 5. Social Darwinism IV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % ) Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity? 2004 年欧洲文化入门试题 Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer card. ( 40 points ,2 points each ) 1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet. B. Arhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander. D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire? A. The Roman Empire had never been divided. B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D. C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium. D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as __________. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________. A. a loosely organized religious institution B. a highly centralized European organization 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. a highly centralized dischttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmliplined and international organization D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between __________. A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems D. the Arabs and the Turks 6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________. A. feudal hierarchy of society B. divine power of feudal rulers C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers D. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________. A. What do I know? B. I doubt therefore I think. C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. Only to stand out of my light. 8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________. A. discovered the Cape ohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlf Good Hope B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope C. explored the mouth of the Amazon D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti 9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? A. l,aw of inertia. B. Law of falting bodies. C. Law of" relativity. D. Law of universal gravitation. 10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________. A. the protection of private property C. the abolishment of the rule of the church B. the upholding of free thinking D. regulation of economy 11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. The substitution of water power for human power. B. The introduction of machine. C. The beginning of http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe factory system. D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class. 12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________. A. Voltaire C. Diderot B. Rousseau D. Moliere 13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason. A. Handel B. Haydn C. Bach D. Mozart 14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century A. Don Juan C. Ode to a Nightingale B. Defence of Poetry D. Isles of Greece 15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. the spirit of the French Revolution B. the spirit of Byronic herohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmles C. ideas of a moral nature D. the praise of natural beauty 16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano. A. Mozart C.Schubert B. Chopin D. Schumann 17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens? A. A Tale of Two Cities. C. David Copperfield. B. The Mayor of Casterbridge. D. Pickwick Papers. 18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________. A. O' Henry C. Mark Twain B. Jack London D. Maupassant 19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________. A. William Faulkner B. Ezra Pound 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ ://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlC. T. S. Eliot D. William Butler Yeats 20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century. A. Sholokhov B. Tolstoy C. Chekhov D. Gorky 第二部分非选择题 In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each) 2l. Augustine ( 22. Aristotle 23. Shakespeare 24. Mark ) ( ( (a) To the Lighthouse ) (b) Ethics ) (c) Kubla Khan Twain ( ) Herohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html of Our Time 25. Titian 26, Virginia Woolf ( ) ( (e) Othello ) (f) Meditations (d)A 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 27. Newton ( 28. Coleridge ) 29. Lermontov 30. Descartes ( (g) The Confession ( ) ) ( (h) the Venus of Urbino (i) Life on, the Mississippi ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles Philosohy Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each ) 31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture? 32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for? 33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture? 34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake? 35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlvenly Orbs" ? 36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law? 37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects? 38. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of "Lyrical Ballads"? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 39. Who was called the "father" of psychoanalysis? 40. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure of the Imagist movement? Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. ( 20 points,5 points each ) 41. Leonardo da Vinci 42. Thomas Hobbes' s political thought 43. Enlightenment 44. Black Humor Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points) 45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art? 2007http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html 年试题 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 2008 年 PART ONE I. 选择题 1. During the height of the development of Greek culture, Alexandria was noted for its A. port facilities B. population C. library D. architecture 2. Which of the following is true about Plato? A. He adopted the dialectical method in argument B. He was the author of Ethics C. He built up a comprehensive system of philosophy D. He was friend of Socrates 3. gave birth to Christianity. A. Palestine B. Jewish tradition C. The Bible D. None of the above 4. Abraham was told by God to lead the Hebrews to the Promised Land, which roughly corresponds to the present-day A. Egypt B. Sinai C. Jordan D. Palestine 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 5. was made the official language of the Catholic Church. A. Greek B. Latin C. Hebrew D. Italian 6. Alfred the Great made http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe Anglo-Saxon cultural center. A. London B. Essex C. Edingburg D. Wessex 7. In Raphael's works, there is the exquisite harmony and of the High Renaissance. A. balance B. power C. vigor D. knowledge 8. In England, the question of reform was chiefly one of rejection of the supremacy of A. the Pope B. the Church C. the Parliament D. the Sovereign 9. In the century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modem times. A. 15th B. 16th C. 17th D. 18th 10. The law of inertia was discovered by A. Copernicus B. Newton C. Kepler D. Galileo 11. "Every man is enemy to every man. " is the view held by A. Bacon B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Newton 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 12. One major source of primitive accumulation of capital was A. farming B. textile C. commerce D. slave trade 13. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in ://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlparA. France B. Spain C. England D. Italy 14. was considered to be a child prodigy. A. Haydn B. Bach C. Mozart D. Handel 15. To the conservative and reactionary forces in society, Byron's poetry was called A. Satanic B. Heroic C. Byronic D. none of the above 16. "Ruslan and Liudmila" was written by A. Lermontov B. Pushkin C. Hugo D. Tehaikovsky 17. The author of the book Evolution and Ethics is A. Yan Fu B. Charles Darwin C. Thomas Huxley D. Herbert Spencer 18. The realists tended to regard as the center of the novel. A. ethics B. image C. plot D. characterization 19. Which of the following is a social satire? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Hard Times B. Bleak House C. Vanity Fair D. Jude the Obscure 20. Aller Ginsberg is an American poet who best represents A. the Beat Generation B. the Last Generation C. the X Generation D. the Angrhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmly Young Men PART TWO II. 选词填空 21. Aristophanes (a) summary of music of the Baroque era 22. Shakespeare (b) leader of slave uprising 23. Charles I (c Dutch painter 24. Joseph Conrad (d ) Lucky Jim 25. Spartacus (e) Major Barbara 26. Kingsley Amis (f) Wasps 27. George Bernard Shaw (g) Twelfth Night 28. van Gogh (h) beheaded in the Civil War 29. Hugo (i) Lord Jim 30. Bach (j) a staunch French Republican 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ III. 简答题 31. What did Herodotus describe in his history? 32. What is the meaning of Pax Romana? 33. Why was Jesus crucified? 34. As a result of the Crusades, what Arabic knowledge was introduced to the West? 35. What role intelhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllectuals did play beginning from the late 15th century? 36. Who is the author of the line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" ? 37. Who was the writer who spent great effort on finding the fight word in the fight place? 38. What feeling was expressed in Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" ? 39. What question did Gide try to look into in many of his works? 40. What did Hegel maintain? IV. 名词解释 41. Illiad 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 42. Descartes's Dualism 43. the Theatre of the Absurd 44. Jonathan Swift V. 论述题 45. What is the significance of the 17th century? 试题 Ⅰ.选择题 (40 points, 2 point for each) 1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html Dante? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmla. A. Turkish B. Huns 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. Athens D. Roman 8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway 9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan C. Venice B. Florence D. the papal states 10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning yield beauty”?. A. Boccaccio B. Shakespeare C. Raphael D. Petrarch 11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr impact on world literature. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Don Quixote B. hamlet C. Gargantua and Pantagruel D. Utopia 12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in night.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light. A. Copernicus B. Kepler C. Newton D. Einstein 13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with ________ in France. A. Corneille B. Locke C. Rousseau D. Descartes 14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________. A. the building of monasteries B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin C. the setting up of the church system 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. none of the above 15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html A. Dante was a great Italian poet. B. Dante wrote Beowulf C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian D. Dante was a great political thinker 16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance to ________ . A. deductive reasoning B. classical authority C. direct observation and experiment D. humanist learning 17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle? A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet. B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander. D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ emotional upheaval. . A. Sophists B. Cynics://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html C. Sceptics D. Epicureans 19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.” A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus 1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D 11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D Ⅱ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point eachttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlh) 21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible 22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God 23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales 24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid 25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper 26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary 27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan 28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs 29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy 30.Homer [ ] (j)Odyssey 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in thttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlhe corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each) 31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones? The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th century B.C.in Greece? The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics. 33.What gave birth to Christianity? It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity. 34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with? The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into? People of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlsants. 36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. 37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages. They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great. 38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history? Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. 39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlart? It was the great Venetian painter Titian. IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each) 41.Athens’democrach Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 43.John Locke John Locke was a great empirihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlcist English and an outstanding political philosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time. 44.Odyssey Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. V.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points) 45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推 理法)and deductive method(演绎法)? The answer as follows: 1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions. 2. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not ihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlntimately be blended with is as in Scholasticism. 3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific. 4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration. I. 选择 Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture 1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.? A. Greek Culture B. Roman Culture C. Egyptian Culture D. Chinese Culture 2. In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece. A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C. D. The 5th century 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 3. Which of the following works described the wahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? A. Oedipus the King B. Iliad C. Odyssey D. Antigone 4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus? A. Antigone B. Agamemnon C. Persians D. Prometheus Bound 5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles? A. Electra B. Antigone C. Trojan Woman D. Oedipus the King 6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? A. Antigone B. Persians C. Electra D. Medea 7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece? A. Aristophanes B. Euripides C. Sophocles D. Aeschylus 8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”? A. Pythagoras B. Heracleitus C. Aristotle D. Plato 9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? A. Hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmleracleitus Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras B. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”? A. Protagoras B. Pythagoras C. Pyrrhon D. Epicurus 11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”? A. Horace B. Julius Caesar C. Virgil D. Marcus Tullius Cicero 12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________. A. Virgil B. Julius Caesar C. Horace D. Lucretius 13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture? A. The Colosseum B. The Panthenon C. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard 14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”? A. Sappho B. Plato C. Virgil D. Horace Division Two: The Bible and Christianity 15. Which of the following is by far the most influential in Wehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlst?_______ A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism the 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________. A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch 17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______ A. Honour your father and your mother B. Do not commit suicide C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wife D. Do not take the name of God in vain 18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______ A. in 169 B.C. B. in the 4th century C. in 76 B.C. D. in the 6th century 19. After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China. A. sixth B. fifth shttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlecond C. D. third 20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ religions? __________ A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar 21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________ A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I 22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________. A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff 23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages. A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 154 24. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________. A. the Latin Vulgate http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. the Aristeas C. the “Authorized” D. the Septuagint 25. When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete work printed. A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______ A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979 Division Three: The Middle Ages 27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ________ A. the Mongolians B. the Huns C. the Turkish D. the Syrians 28. The Middle Ages is also called the _________. A. “Age of Christianity”http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. “Age of Literature” C. “Age of Holy Spirit” D. “Age of Faith” 29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______ A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the church C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. To respect women of noble birth 30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________ A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler 31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?_________ A. after 1066 32. Which B. after 1296 of the C. after 1054 following about D. after 476 the knight http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlor noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?____________ A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days. B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven. C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church. D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight. 33. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______ 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. At the age of 14. B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies. C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing. D. When he was pledged to fight for the church. 34. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? A. They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight. B. They could promise to http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlgive up all their possession before entering the monastery. C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery. D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot. 35. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________ A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 36. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________ A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291 37. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? ______ A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. Charlemagne C. Constantine http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html D. King James 38. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture? _________ A. Charles I B. Constantine I C. Alfred the Great D. Charles the Great 39. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________ A. English B. Germanic C. Hebrew 40. Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________ D. French 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas Division IV: Renaissance and Reformation 41. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _______ A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and Venice C. in Milan and Fhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllorence D. in Italy and Germany 42. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? ___________ A. in the 11th century B. in the 15th century C. in the 16th century D. in the 17th century 43. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______ A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. David D. Moses 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 44. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________ A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione 45. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______ A. Raphael 46. B. Titian Which of the C. da Vinci following D. Michelangelo High Renaissance artishttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlts was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael 47. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________ A. Tempesta B. Sacred and Profane Love C. Flight into Egypt D. The Return of the Hunters 48. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________ A. Jan Hus B. John Wyliff C. Martin Luther 49. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion? D. John Calvin 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. John Wycliff B. Jan Hus C. John Calvin D.Erasmus 50. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____ A. Elizabeth I William I http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html C. Edward III B. D. Henry VIII 51. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _______ A. King B. Pope C. Bishop D. Queen 52. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______ A.Gargantua and Pantagruel C. The Praise of Folly B. Don Quixote D. Utopia 53. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do Know” is world famous?________ A. Cervantes B. Rabelais C. Montaigne D. Shakespeare 54. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ familiar? ________ A. Sonnets Decameron http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html C. Rabelais B. D. Of Repentance 55. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______ A. Cervantes B. Pierre de Ronsard C. Rabelais D. Montaigne 56. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________ A. Bruegel B. Erasmus C. El Greco D. Rabelais 57. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ” from whose works? _______ A. Chaucer B. Dante C. Roger Bacon D. Shakespeare Division Five: The Seventeenth Century 58. Who ever said that “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.”?_________ A. Copernicus B. Francis Bacon C. Bertrand Russell 59. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______? D. Leibniz 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Kepler http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlB. Copernicus C. Galileo D. Newton 60. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _______. A. a thousand times B. a hundred times C. ten-thousand times D. five-hundred times 61. Which of the following statements about Newton’s contribution to the science is NOT true? _______ A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation. B. He invented calculus. C. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of the spectrum. D. He discovered the law of relativity. 62. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true?_________ A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies. B. He discovered the law of inertia. C. He discovered the importance of accelerationhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html in dynamics. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies. 63. The first major advance of modern science occurred in ______. A. anatomy ________ B. astronomy and Newton invented C. printing independently D. geographical discoveries the differential and integral calculus._______ A. Descartes B. Copernicus C. Leibniz D. Kepler 64. Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______ A. Sidereus Nuncius B. New Eassays Concerning Human Understanding C. New system of Nature D. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs 66. Who ever said that “knowledge is power”? ________ A. Shakespeare B. Francis Bacon C. Thomas Hobbes D. John Locke 67http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html. Which of the following 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________ A. Essay Concerning Human Understanding B. The Novum Organum (New Method) C. The New Atlantis D. The Advancement of Learning 68. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _______ A. John Locke B. Descartes C. Pierre Gassendi D. Thomas Hobbes 69. What kind of government formed in England after the Glorious Revolution and the enactment of the Bill of Rights? A. constitutional monarchy C. anarchy B. republic D. absolute monarchy 70. When did the Glorious Revolution in England break out? ________ A. 1660 B. 1649 C. 1688 D. 1689 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 71. Which of the following works is NOT written by John Milton? ______ A. Paradise http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlLost B. Areopagitica C. Samson Agonistes D. Andromaque 72. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______. A. Andromaque B. Areopagitica C. Paradise Lost D. Paradise Regained 73. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions? ________ A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making. B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal. C. The King should levy no money at any time. D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 74. Which of the following philosophers ever said “I think, thereforhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle I am”? ________ A. Francis Bacon B. Pierre Gassendi C. Descartes D. John Locke 75. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille’s work? ______ A. Le Cid B. Andromaque C. Tartuffe D. Le Misanthrope 76. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe and certain principle and laws of physics is innate? ________ A. John Locke B. Pierre Gassendi C. Francis Bacon D. Descartes 77. Whose slogan is “I think, therefore I am”? _________ A. John Locke B. Pierre Gassendi C. Descartes D. Francis Bacon 78. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? ______ A. Rubens 79. Which B. Borromini of the following C. Caravaggio artists helped D. Bernini to spread stylhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle to the Baroque North Europe? ______ A. Rubens B. Velazquez C. Borromini D. Bernini 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 80. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____ A. Christopher Wren B. Rembrandt C. Poussin D. Rubbens 81. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and the most powerful country in Europe? ____________ A. Flander B. the Netherlands C. England D. France III. 名词解释 1. Aeschylus He was regarded as one of the three greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece. He has written more then 80 plays such as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. 2. Plato He was the philosopher of ancient Greece, pupil of Socrates. He built up a comprehensive system of idealismhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html philosophy. Of the Dialogues he wrote, 27 have survived, including The Apology, Symposium and The 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ Republic. 3. The Edict of Milan When Constantine I won the throne from his rivals, he believed that God helped him in winning the battle and issued the Edict of Milan in 313. This edict granted religious freedom to all, and made Christianity legal. 4. Middle Ages In European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modem times. In the Middle Ages, Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It shaped people's lives. So this period is also called the “Age of Faith”. 5. The code of chivalry A knight should pledge to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 6. Scholasticism It was the study of general questions starting from ancient writings and Christian teaching. The Italian theologian Thomas Aquinas was the supreme figure in scholasticism in the Middle Ages. 7. The Reformation It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were intehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism. 8. Calvinism 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians have suggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism. 9. Kepler’s Laws Kepler is best known http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlfor his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion, the three laws being called Kepler’s Laws published in 1609 and 1619. They may be stated as follows: (a) Each planet moves in an ellipse, not a perfect circle, with the sun at one focus; (b) Each planet moves more rapidly when near the sun than farther from it; (c) The distance of each planet from the sun bears a definite relation to the time period the planet take to complete a revolution around the sun. This law was reduced to a mathematical formula: the square of the period of revolution of a planet about the sun is proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the sun. 10. Baroque art Baroque art flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmland color. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ IV. 问答 1. What were the main features of ancient Greek society? In Greek society, only adult male citizen had real power and the citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The exploitation was a serious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took part in the contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being. 2. In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato? What are some of Aristotle's works that are still influential today? (a) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato's reliance on subjective thinking. (b) He thought that "idea" and matter together made concrete individual realities in which he differed fhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrom Plat who held that ideas had higher reality than the physical world. His significant works includes: Ethics, Politics , Poetics and Rhetoric 3. What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference between them? (a) The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks. Both people had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified—Greek 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on—and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland. (b)There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire. The Greeks didn't, excepted for the brief moment of Alexander's conquests, which soon disinteghttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrated. 4. What was the Hebrew's major contribution to world civilization? The history of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still later became the first part of Christian Bible. Thus the Hebrews made one of the greatest contributions to the world civilization. 5. Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written? Judeo-Christian tradition constitutes one of the two major components of European culture. (a) The Bible which is virtually related to every phase of human life greatly influences people's daily life, especially in the Middle Ages when almost everyone was a Christian; (b) The Bible has great impact upon western literature. For a long period of time, the Latin Bible was accepted 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ ashttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html the authority and Latin was the official language of the Roman Catholic Church, so most European literature at that time was in Latin. Besides, it is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modem English. Furthermore, the use of Biblical themes has been a literary tradition. In fact few great English and American writers of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th century can be read and appreciated with satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible; (c) The study of the Christian teaching especially the Bible has become an important branch of knowledge-scholasticism which has been prevalent for centuries; (d) The Bible has also influenced western philosophies and science. Thus the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. 6. How did Christian monks help Western civilization survive? The Christian monhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlks helped western civilization survive in many ways: (a) The Christian monks spread Christianity to the Mediterranean region and some of them even suffered martyrdom; (b) Some monks translated the Old Testament into Greek and St. Jerome translated the whole Bible into Latin, Later some such as John Wycliif and William Tyndale translated the Bible into the vernacular; (c) In the Middle Ages, people in western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants. Of these three classes, the only literate section were the clergy. The Christian monks did a lot to help preserve and transmit a large part of the traditional heritage of the western culture. They not only translated the Bible 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ into Latin or the vernacular but also copied or translated the ancient works into the vernacular, such as the monks in these monasteries set up by Charlemagne and Alfred the Great. 7. What are http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe major elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art and literature during the Italian Renaissance? (a) Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. Humanists in Renaissance believed that human beings had rights to pursue wealth and pleasure and they admired me beauty of human body. This belief ran counter to the medieval ascetical idea of poverty and stoicism, and shifted man's interest from Christianity to humanity, from religion to philosophy, from heaven to earth, from the beauty of God to the beauty of human in all its joys, senses and feelings. (b) The philosophy of humanism is reflected in the art and literature during the Italian Renaissance in the literary works of Boccaccio and Petrarch and in the art of Giotto, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Giorgione, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian, etc. In their works they did not stress death and the other world but call on man to live and work fohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr the present and future world. 8. How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval tradition? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ The Italian Renaissance art and architecture radically broke away from the medieval methods of representing the visible world. Compared with the latter, the former has the following distinct features: (a) Art broke away from the domination of church and artist who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church became a separate strata doing noble and creative works; (b) Themes of paintings and architecture changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible, of God and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man; (c) The artist studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works; (d) Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspectivhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle. 9. What were the major differences between Locke’s concept of “social contract” and Hobbes’s? (a) Hobbes’s concept of “social contract” is as follows. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return, men attain peace and security. In his theory, the powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only by the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided. And the sovereign is not a party himself to the social contract. The subjects of the sovereign cannot either change the form of the government or repudiate the authority of the sovereign. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ (b) Locke tried to show the rational foundation of political society and government. He emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority ahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlnd that the will of the majority must prevail. For him, absolute monarchy was contrary to the original social contract and dangerous to liberty. For him, the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. (c) Although both Hobbes and Locke used the term “social con-tract”, they differ fundamentally. First, Hoboes argued that men enter into a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other, Locke argued that men are equal and that they enter into a social contract by reason. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute. Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power is not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him. ://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr 10. What is Descartes’s method of Cartesian doubt? What is its significance? Descartes employed methodic doubt with a view to discovering whether there was an indubitable truth. And he expressed this truth in this famous motto; “I doubt, therefore I think: I think, therefore 1 am.” This Cartesian doubt is the most important point in his philosophy. According to Descartes, “I think therefore I am” makes mind more certain than matter. He “believed that a thing that is thinking is one that doubts, understands, conceives, affirms, denies, wills, imagines, and feels. Doubting is thinking, thinking is the essence of mind. So he concluded that all things that we conceive very clearly and distinctly are true, and that knowledge of things must be by the mind. As to the senses, he 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ believed that they are not dependable. 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life freedomhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html was from pleasure, pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes C. Plato B. Aristotle D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist---http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html-- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly C. Divine Comedy B. As You Like It D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Machiavelli http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlB. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke 9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus 10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. A. 18th B. 15 th C. 16 th D. 17 th 11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power." A.. Isaac Newton B. Francis Bacon C. John Locke D. Marx 12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material----theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, aesthetic,http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html scientific, musical, and 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ literary. A. Goethe B. Defoe C. Rousseau D. Byron 13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer? A. Wordsworth B. Shelley C. Pushkin D. Balzac 14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________. A. the power of reason C. spontaneity B. individual freedom D. love of nature 15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________. A. Wordsworth C. Pushkin B. Keats D. Shelley 16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music. A. Tchaikovsky C. B. Chopin Beethoven 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html D. Mozart 17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________. A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life" 18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy? A. Resurrection B. War and Peace C. Crime and Punishment D. Anna Karenina 19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________. A. democracy B. the dignity of the individual C. the idyllic way of life 20. Modernism D. the brotherhood of man was characterized by ________.://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ human relations C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless D. all of the above. ****** 2 ****** 1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________. A. 1,200 B.C. C. 4th century B.C. B. 5th century B. C. D. 146 B. C. 2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is A. the Pathenon C. She-wolf B. the Colossseum D. the Ionic style of temple 3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about A. God C. the D. A and C _________. _________. B. the doctrine of Jesus Christ Lahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlws of God 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. Jesus was born in Galilee. B. Jesus was born in a synagogue. C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family. D. Jesus was born into a merchant’s family. 5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________. A. military service B. land holding C. government D. B and C 6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture? A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century. B. The Gothic style started in France. C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were based on the natural forces. D. Gothic style churches were solid but small. 7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________. A. ancient Greek culture Rhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmloman culture B. ancient 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. the Bible D. A and B 8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________. A. wars and class conflicts B. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world and routes to India C. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and publication D. all of the above 9. Which of the following died a prisoner? A. Copernicus B. Newton C. Kepler D. Galileo 10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________. A. Thomas Hobbes B. Francis Bacon C. John Locke D. A and C 11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________. A. government intervention devhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlelopment B. balanced 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ C. the policy of laissezfaire D. strict regulation 12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is A. Goethe _________. B. Defoe C. Schiller D. Kant 13. The Lakers refer to _________. A. Wordsworth and Coleridge C. William Blake and Keats B. Byron and Shelly D. None of the above 14. The later Romantics in music refer to A. Schuman and Chopin C. Beethoven and Mozart _________. B. Verdi and Wagner D. Haydn and Bach 15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________. A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousness B. activity is basic C. socialism would be realized through class struggle D. surplus value is the 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ sourcehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html of the wealth of the capitalist class 16. The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution is A. immutable fixity of species _________. B. natural selection C. artificial selection D. none of the above 17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by A. Dostoyevsky _________. B. Gogol C. Corky D. Chekhov 18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens? A. David Copperfield B. Hard Times C. Vanity Fair D. Oliver Twist 19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is A. Henry James B. Virginia Woolf C. T.S. Eliot 20. One _________. D. D.H. Lawrence of the chief representatives of the thehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html Absurd is Theatre of _________. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Kinsley Amis B. John Osborne C. Allen Ginsberg D. Samuel Beckett ****** 3 ****** 1. Socrates was _________. A. the teacher of Aristotle B. the student of Plato C. the teacher of Plato D. the student of Aristotle 2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________. A. the Roman empire B. the slave system C. the production of the great epic writer D. the Roman law 3. The Book of Daniel describes _________. A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian rule C. the story of Noah’s Ark B. the prisoners in Babylon D. the rule of King Solomon 4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A.http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html Hebrew B. Aramaic dialect C. Greek D. Latin 5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry? A. Loyalty to his lord. B. Fighting for the church. C. Protection of the people. D. Respect for women of noble birth. 6. The goal of the Crusades was_________. A. to re-control Jerusalem C. to regain the Holy land --- Palestine B. to open path to Byzantine D. to open trade route to the east 7. The essence of Renaissance philosophy was _________. A. the emphasis on the greatness of man B. the glorification of God C. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasure D. the importance of wealth 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his observation in notebooks running up to _________ volumes. A. 1, 000 http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. 5, 000 C. 3, 000 D. 4, 000 9. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________. A. John Locke B. Francis Bacon C. Isaac Newton D. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz 10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________. A. I think therefore I am B. I use my senses therefore I am C. I doubt therefore I am D. None of the above 11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________. A. Voltaire and Rousseau B. Diderot and Montesquieu C. John Locke and Isaac Newton D. None of the above 12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousseau? A. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. ( The Declaration of Independence 美 国 的 《 独 立 宣 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 言》)://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man. (Rousseau 卢梭) C. Love truth, but pardon error. (Voltaire 伏尔泰) D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else. (Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen(1789) 法国的《人权宣言》) 13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________. A. in the late 19th century and early 20th century B. in the 19th century C. in the late 17th century and early 18th century D. in the late 18th century and early 19th century 14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________. A. Atala and Rene (Chateaubriand 夏多布里昂) B. Ivanhoe and The Heart of Mid – lothian Walter Scott 的《艾凡赫》又译《撒克逊劫后英雄传》以及《中洛辛郡的心脏》 Dame de Paris and Les Miserables D. Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov C. Notre 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 普 希 金 pushkin 的 《 叶 甫 盖 尼 · 奥 涅 金 》 和 《 鲍 里 斯 · 戈 都 诺 夫 http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html》 15. The man who applied Darwin’s evolution to society was_________. A. Yah Fu C. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Thomas Huxley D. Herbert Spencer 16. According to Marx,the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________. A. he proclaimed materialism B. he supported Hegel C. he supported the utopian socialists D. he put forward the idea of class struggle 17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________. A. van Gogh B. Paul Gauguin C. Claude Monet D. Gustave Courbet 18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy? A. Far from the Madding Crowd. C. Tess of the d'Urberyvilles. B. The Return of the Native. D. A Tale of Two Cities. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet. A. English http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. Scottish C. American D. Irish 20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by _________. A. Ezra Pound B. William Faulkner C. James Joyce D. Ernest Hemingway ****** 4 ****** 1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle? A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet. B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander. D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire? 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. The Roman Empire had never been divided. B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D. C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium. D. The Roman http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlEmpire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as __________. A. a religious book C. record of great minds B. literature D. all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________. A. a loosely organized religious institution B. a highly centralized European organization C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between __________. A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems D. the Arabs and the Turks 6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________. A. feudal hierarchy of society B. http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmldivine power of feudal rulers C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers D. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________. A. What do I know? B. I doubt therefore I think. C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world. D. Only to stand out of my light. 8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope C. explored the mouth of the Amazon 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti 9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? A. Law of buoyancy. B. Law of falling bodies. C. Law of relativity. D. Law of universal gravitation. 10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html__________. A. the protection of private property B. the upholding of free thinking C. the abolishment of the rule of the church D. regulation of economy 11. Which of the following is not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution? A. The substitution of water power for human power. B. The introduction of machine. C. The beginning of the factory system. D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class. 12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________. 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Diderot D. Moliere 13. In the works of __________, one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason. A. Handel B. Haydn C. Bach D. Mozart 14. The poem of Byron' s that was transhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century is __________. A. Don Juan B. Defence of Poetry C. Ode to a Nightingale D. Isles of Greece 15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________. A. the spirit of the French Revolution C. ideas of a moral nature B. the spirit of Byronic heroes D. the praise of natural beauty 16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano. A. Mozart B. Chopin C.Schubert D. Schumann 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ 17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens? A. A Tale of Two Cities. B. The Mayor of Casterbridge. C. David Copperfield. D. Pickwick Papers. 18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________. A.http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html O' Henry B. Jack London C. Mark Twain D. Maupassant 19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________. A. William Faulkner C. T. S. Eliot B. Ezra Pound D. William Butler Yeats 20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century. A. Sholokhov C. Chekhov ****** 5 ****** B. Tolstoy D. Gorky 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________ A. Athenian democracy B. The Olympic Games C. The epics of Homer D. All of the above 2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus? A. He is called " Father Hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistory". B. He wrote about the wars between Athens and Sparta. C. He contributed greatly to tragic art. D. He used clever parody in his writing. 3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________ A. the fall of man C. Noah’s Ark B. the creation of the world D. all of the above. 4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. 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Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great importance to ________ A. deductive reasoning C. direct observation and experiment B. classical authority D. humanist learning 10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________. A. practicalhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. deductive reasoning C. induction D. experiment 11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________. A. that it was still mainly religious paintings B. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the time C. that it was mainly portraits of noble families 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. that the theme was mainly court life 12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers? A. Locke C. Voltaire 13. B. Hobbes D. Montesquieu Diderot is best known as ________. 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Rontgen http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html B. Madame Curie C. Rutherford D. Einstein 20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams was A. T. S. Eliot C. D. H. Lawrence B. James Joyce D. Sigmund Freud 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ ****** 6 ****** 1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens? A. Women citizens B. Adults C. Adult male citizens D. Foreigners and children 2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues? A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates. B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato. C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato. D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers. 3. The great deed that David performed was ____. A. he took the Hebrews back to Canaan B. he kilhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlled Goliath, the philistine giant C. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~d 文档下载 免费文档下载 http://doc.guandang.net/ D. none of the above 4. 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