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欧洲文化入门试卷(必须 55 页)
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2010 年 10 月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试
欧洲文化入门
第一部分
试卷
选择题
(共 40 分 2 points each)
1．The Romans conquered Greece in ．
A．146 B．C．
B．500 B．C．
C．700 B．C．
D．1200 B．C．
2．The playwright who contributed greatly to Greek tragic art was
B．Aristophanes
C．Herodotus
D．Homer
3．The greatest of Latin poets was
A．Horace
B．Virgil
C．Homer
D．Cicero
4．Daniel was taken prisoner to after the fall of Jerusalem.
A．Egypt
B．Persia
C．Babylon
D．Assyria
A．Sophocles
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5．David was ．
A．a Hebrew king
B．the boy who killed Goliath
C．the man who made Jerusalem the capital
D．all of the above
6．In the formative period of feudalism, the bishops were themselves A．scholars
B．hermits
C．feudal lords
D．knights
7．As a result of the Crusades，luxuries of the East poured into the West．They were
spices．
perfume
．
hand
．
woven
carpets
and://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlar
A．tea
B．Chinaware
C．silk
8．Martin Luther held that
A．the Church
D．silverware
was the supreme authority．
B．the Bible
C．the Pope
D．Jesus
9．Ophelia is a character in Shakespeare’s
A．Hamlet
B．Othello
C．Macbeth
D．Merchant of Venice
10．The Reformation shattered Medieval Church’s stifling control over man．thus
paving the
way for
A．economic development
B．free thinking
C．capitalism
D．progress
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11．Galile0，because he refused to compromise．was tried by
A．the College of Cardinals
C．the Spanish court
B．the Italian court
D．the Inquisition
12．To Newton，space and time are absolute，to Einstein，motion and space are ．
A．relative
B．unlimited
C．infinite
13．“A Modest Proposal” was written by
A．Defoe
B．Swift
C．Diderot
D．1imited
．
D．Fielding
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html14 ． Shelley called poets
“the unacknowledged legislators of the world” in his
A．Prometheus unbound
B．Defence of Poetry
C．1yrics
D．Ode to the West Wind
15．Schumann stood as the typical example of the influence of
A．revolutionary ideals
B．philosophy
C．1iterature
upon music．
D．religion
16．According to Darwin，becomes a mechanism for evolutionary change．
A．natural selection
B．process
C．adaptation
D．variation
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17．Zola believed almost blindly
A．Social Darwinism
B．Utopian Socialism
C．pragmatism
D．scientific determinism
18．The writer who devoted himself to the novel of social condition in England in
the 19 th cen-
tury was ．
A．Thomas．Hardy
B．William Makepeace Thackeray
C．George Eliot
D．Charles Dickens
19．The contribution made by Pierre and Maris Curie is
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlA．the discovery of atomic
nucleus
B．the discovery of radium
C．the discovery of X—rays
D．the discovery of relativity
20．To the New Novelists，plot，action，narrative，ideas and analysis of characters
are
A．no longer important
B．still very important
C．of equal importance
D．none of the above
第二部分
非选择题
(共 60 分)
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PART TWO
II．In the foliowing part there are two columns．The left hand column consists of
a list of
names．The right hand column consists of a list of titles，names of organizations，
works or remarks．Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding ti-
tie，organization，work，or remark in the right hand column and put the number a
or b or e in the bracket on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points，1 point each)
21．St．Jerome
22．Schiller
(a)“The die is cast．”
(b)Lettres Anglaise
://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html23
(C)Mother
24．Francois Rabelais
(d)Gargantua and Pantagruel
25．Walt Whitman
(e)Fathers and Sons
26．Thomas Hobbes
(f)Ode to a Nightingale
27．Corky
28．Turgenev
(g)Leaves of Grass
(h)the Vulgate
．
Keats
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29．Julius Caesar
(i)founder of modem German literature
30．Voltaire
(j)author of Leviathan
III．Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions．Write your answer
in
the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points，2 points each)
31．Which are the most famous temples in ancient Greece?
32．What did Horace mean when he said．“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror
captive．”?
33．Why were Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire?
34．HOW shall we define the Catholic Church?
35
．
What
made
Italy
lose
its
supremacy
in
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlworld trade in the late l5th
century?
36．What was Hobbes’s view of the nature of man?
37．What kind of a novel is Les Miserables7
．
38．What did Kant try to reconcile in “Critique of Pure Reason”?
39．Why did literature become the voice of the people in Russia in the l 9 th century?
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40．What are the major interests of new novelists?
IV．Explain each of the following terms in English．Write your answer in the corre
sponding space on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words．(20 points，5 points
each)
41．Plato’s and Democritus’ views of the world
42．Noah’s Ark
43．John Wyclif
44．Mark Twain
V. Write between l00—120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space
on
the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)
45．What is the role of Turgenev in Russian literature?
2001 年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html 欧洲文化入门试卷
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I. Multiple Choice (40%)
1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain
and eraotional upheaval.
A. Sophists
2
B. Cynics
D. Epicureans
_________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand,
and I will move
the world."
A. Archimedes
3.
C. Skeptics
B. Aristotle
C. Plato
D. Euclid
Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West
Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________
A. 395
B. 27
C. 1453
D. 476
4. The City of God was written by __璤_____, the most important of all the leaders
of Christian thought.
A. Jesus
B. Augustine
C. Thomas Aquinas
D.
Martin Luther
5.
_________
was
a
painter,
a
schttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlulptor, an architect, a
musician, an engineer, and a scientist- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the
word.
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A. Michelangelo
B. Raphael
C. Shakespeare
D.
da Vinci
6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time,
the romance of chivalry.
A. Don Quixote.
B. Hamlet
C. leviathan
D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal
non Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common,
possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious
belief.
A.
The Praise of the Folly
C. Divine Comedy
B. As You Like It
D. Utopia
8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in
thehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html West.
A. Machiavelli
B. Dante'
C. Bacon
D.
Locke
9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,
not the earth, is the center of the universe.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
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D. Copernicus
10. During the _________ century, the modem scientific method began to take shape,
which emphasized observation and" experimentation before formulating a final
explanation or generalization.
A. 18th
B. 15 th
C. 16 th
D. 17
th
11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."
A.. Isaac Newton
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D.
Marx
12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material--theological,
mythological,
philosophical,
political,
economic,
aesthehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmltic,
scientific,
musical,
and
literary.
A. Goethe
B. Defoe
C. Rousseau
D. Byron
13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
A. Wordsworth
B. Shelley
C. Pushkin
D.
Balzac
14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except
_________.
A. the power of reason
B. individual freedom
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C. spontaneity
D. love of nature
15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the
West Wind" by ________.
A. Wordsworth
C. Pushkin
B. Keats
D. Shelley
16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.
A. Tchaikovsky
C. Beethoven
B. Chopin
D. Mozart
://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr17.
The
naturalist
school
founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __
A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils
B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals
C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint
D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"
18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
A. Resurrection
B. War and Peace
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C. Crime and Punishment
D. Anna Karenina
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except
________.
A. democracy
C. the idyllic way of life
B. the dignity of the individual
D. the brotherhood of man
20. Modernism was characterized by ________.
A. a conscious rejection ofhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
established rules, traditions and conventions
B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of
human relations
C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the
formless
D. all of the above.
II. True - False (20%)
1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus,
which marked the beginning of Olympic Games.
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2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who
were active in Athens in the 6 th century A. D.
3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions
they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct,
"have had an abiding interest for later generations.
4.
Christianity
remained
an
object
of
oppression
throughout
the
hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistory of Roman Empire.
5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the
only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding
that only those especially selected by God will be saved.
7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power
is absolute.
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8.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament
in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy
in England.
9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the
senses might deceive us.
10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product
of both sense and reason.
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
. Explain the Following Terms. (25 % )
1. Pax Romana
2. The Crusades
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3. Gothic
4. Reformation
5. Social Darwinism
IV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % )
Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning
of modernity?
2004 年欧洲文化入门试题
Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished
statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ]
are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question
by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer card. ( 40 points ,2 points each )
1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
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A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.
B. Arhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistotle founded the
school of the Stoics.
C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?
A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.
C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.
D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.
3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.
A. a religious book
B. literature
C. record of great minds
D. 'all of the above
4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.
A. a loosely organized religious institution
B. a highly centralized European organization
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C.
a
highly
centralized
dischttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmliplined
and
international
organization
D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.
5. The Crusades were wars between __________.
A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims
B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe
C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems
D. the Arabs and the Turks
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.
A. feudal hierarchy of society
B. divine power of feudal rulers
C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers
D. all of the above
7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.
A. What do I know?
B. I doubt therefore I think.
C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.
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D. Only to stand out of my light.
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.
A. discovered the Cape ohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlf
Good Hope
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
C. explored the mouth of the Amazon
D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?
A. l,aw of inertia.
B. Law of falting bodies.
C. Law of" relativity.
D. Law of universal gravitation.
10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil
government was __________.
A. the protection of private property
C. the abolishment of the rule of the church
B. the upholding of free thinking
D. regulation of economy
11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial
Revolution?
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A. The substitution of water power for human power.
B. The introduction of machine.
C. The beginning of http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe
factory system.
D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.
12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by
__________.
A. Voltaire
C. Diderot
B. Rousseau
D. Moliere
13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.
A. Handel
B. Haydn
C. Bach
D. Mozart
14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th
century
A. Don Juan
C. Ode to a Nightingale
B. Defence of Poetry
D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.
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A. the spirit of the French Revolution
B. the spirit of Byronic
herohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmles
C. ideas of a moral nature
D. the praise of natural beauty
16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.
A. Mozart
C.Schubert
B. Chopin
D. Schumann
17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.
C. David Copperfield.
B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.
D. Pickwick Papers.
18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.
A. O' Henry
C. Mark Twain
B. Jack London
D. Maupassant
19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The
author of these lines was
__________.
A. William Faulkner
B. Ezra Pound
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://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlC.
T.
S.
Eliot
D. William Butler Yeats
20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th
century.
A. Sholokhov
B. Tolstoy
C. Chekhov
D. Gorky
第二部分非选择题
In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list
of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations
or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or
organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc.
in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)
2l. Augustine
(
22. Aristotle
23. Shakespeare
24.
Mark
)
(
(
(a) To the Lighthouse
)
(b) Ethics
)
(c) Kubla Khan
Twain
(
)
Herohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html of Our Time
25. Titian
26, Virginia Woolf
(
)
(
(e) Othello
)
(f) Meditations
(d)A
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27. Newton
(
28. Coleridge
)
29. Lermontov
30. Descartes
(
(g) The Confession
(
)
)
(
(h) the Venus of Urbino
(i) Life on, the Mississippi
)
( j ) Mathematical Principles Philosohy
Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in
the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )
31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture?
32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?
33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture?
34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?
35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the
Heahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlvenly Orbs" ?
36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law?
37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo
effects?
38. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of "Lyrical Ballads"?
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39. Who was called the "father" of psychoanalysis?
40. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure
of the Imagist movement? Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your
answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. ( 20 points,5
points each )
41. Leonardo da Vinci
42. Thomas Hobbes' s political thought
43. Enlightenment
44. Black Humor
Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on
the answer sheet. (10 points)
45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?
2007http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html 年试题
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2008 年
PART ONE
I. 选择题
1. During the height of the development of Greek culture, Alexandria was noted for
its
A. port facilities B. population C. library D. architecture
2. Which of the following is true about Plato?
A. He adopted the dialectical method in argument B. He was the author of Ethics
C. He built up a comprehensive system of philosophy D. He was friend of Socrates
3. gave birth to Christianity.
A. Palestine B. Jewish tradition C. The Bible D. None of the above
4. Abraham was told by God to lead the Hebrews to the Promised Land, which roughly
corresponds to the present-day
A. Egypt B. Sinai C. Jordan D. Palestine
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5. was made the official language of the Catholic Church.
A. Greek B. Latin C. Hebrew D. Italian
6. Alfred the Great made http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe
Anglo-Saxon cultural center.
A. London B. Essex C. Edingburg D. Wessex
7. In Raphael's works, there is the exquisite harmony and of the High Renaissance.
A. balance B. power C. vigor D. knowledge
8. In England, the question of reform was chiefly one of rejection of the supremacy
of
A. the Pope B. the Church C. the Parliament D. the Sovereign
9. In the century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modem times.
A. 15th B. 16th C. 17th D. 18th
10. The law of inertia was discovered by
A. Copernicus B. Newton C. Kepler D. Galileo
11. "Every man is enemy to every man. " is the view held by
A. Bacon B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Newton
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12. One major source of primitive accumulation of capital was
A. farming B. textile C. commerce D. slave trade
13. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in
://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlparA. France B. Spain C. England
D. Italy
14. was considered to be a child prodigy.
A. Haydn B. Bach C. Mozart D. Handel
15. To the conservative and reactionary forces in society, Byron's poetry was called
A. Satanic B. Heroic C. Byronic D. none of the above
16. "Ruslan and Liudmila" was written by
A. Lermontov B. Pushkin C. Hugo D. Tehaikovsky
17. The author of the book Evolution and Ethics is
A. Yan Fu B. Charles Darwin C. Thomas Huxley D. Herbert Spencer
18. The realists tended to regard as the center of the novel.
A. ethics B. image C. plot D. characterization
19. Which of the following is a social satire?
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A. Hard Times B. Bleak House C. Vanity Fair D. Jude the Obscure
20. Aller Ginsberg is an American poet who best represents
A. the Beat Generation B. the Last Generation C. the X Generation D. the
Angrhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmly Young Men
PART TWO
II. 选词填空
21. Aristophanes
(a) summary of music of the Baroque era
22. Shakespeare
(b) leader of slave uprising
23. Charles I
(c Dutch painter
24. Joseph Conrad
(d ) Lucky Jim
25. Spartacus
(e) Major Barbara
26. Kingsley Amis
(f) Wasps
27. George Bernard Shaw
(g) Twelfth Night
28. van Gogh
(h) beheaded in the Civil War
29. Hugo
(i) Lord Jim
30. Bach
(j) a staunch French Republican
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III. 简答题
31. What did Herodotus describe in his history?
32. What is the meaning of Pax Romana?
33. Why was Jesus crucified?
34. As a result of the Crusades, what Arabic knowledge was introduced to the West?
35.
What
role
intelhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllectuals
did
play
beginning from the late 15th century?
36. Who is the author of the line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" ?
37. Who was the writer who spent great effort on finding the fight word in the fight
place?
38. What feeling was expressed in Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard
Bloom'd" ?
39. What question did Gide try to look into in many of his works?
40. What did Hegel maintain?
IV. 名词解释
41. Illiad
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42. Descartes's Dualism
43. the Theatre of the Absurd
44. Jonathan Swift
V. 论述题
45. What is the significance of the 17th century? 试题
Ⅰ.选择题 (40 points, 2 point for each)
1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.
A. Pythagoras
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Diogenes
2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who
know”by://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
Dante?
A. Plato
B. Socrates
C. Aristotle
D. Cicero
3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.
A. Thucydides
B. Herodotus
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C. Socrates
D. Aristotle
4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .
A. Moses
B. Joshua
C. Saul
D. David
5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and
made
Christianity legal?
A. Domitian
B. Valerian
C. Constantine
D. Theodosius
6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .
A. wanderers
B. travelers
C. traders
D. merchants
7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central
Asihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmla.
A. Turkish
B. Huns
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C. Athens
D. Roman
8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and
the
center of trade and community activity.
A. bridge
B. church building
C. village
D. subway
9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden
city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.
A. Milan
C. Venice
B. Florence
D. the papal states
10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning
yield beauty”?.
A. Boccaccio
B. Shakespeare
C. Raphael
D. Petrarch
11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had
great://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr
impact on world literature.
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A. Don Quixote
B. hamlet
C. Gargantua and Pantagruel
D. Utopia
12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in
night.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.
A. Copernicus
B. Kepler
C. Newton
D. Einstein
13.
It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in
England
and with ________ in France.
A. Corneille
B. Locke
C. Rousseau
D. Descartes
14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.
A. the building of monasteries
B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin
C. the setting up of the church system
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D. none of the above
15.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
true
about
Dante?://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
A. Dante was a great Italian poet.
B. Dante wrote Beowulf
C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian
D. Dante was a great political thinker
16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great
importance
to ________
.
A. deductive reasoning
B. classical authority
C. direct observation and experiment
D. humanist learning
17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.
B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.
C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain
and
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emotional upheaval. .
A.
Sophists
B.
Cynics://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
C. Sceptics
D. Epicureans
19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand,
and
I will move the world.”
A. Archimedes
B. Aristotle
C. Plato
D. Euclid
20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the
sun,
not the earth, is the center of the universe.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
1-10:
A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D
11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D
Ⅱ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a
list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of
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organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b
or
c
etc.
in
the
bracket
on
the
test
paper.(10
points,
1
point
eachttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlh)
21.St.Jerome
[
]
(a)Latin version of Bible
22.Dante
[
]
(b)The City of God
23.Aristophanes
[
]
(c)The Canterbury Tales
24.Virgil
[
]
(d)Aeneid
25.Constantine
[
]
(e)Last Supper
26.Augustine
[
]
(f)Virgin Mary
27.Chaucer
[
]
(g)Edict of Milan
28.Leonardo da Vinci
[
]
(h)Frogs
29.Raphael
[
]
(i)The Divine Comedy
30.Homer
[
]
(j)Odyssey
21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j
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Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer
in
thttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlhe corresponding space on
the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)
31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?
The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.
32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the
4th century B.C.in Greece?
The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the
Stoics.
33.What gave birth to Christianity?
It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.
34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?
The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.
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35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?
People of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three
classes:clergy,lords
and
peahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlsants.
36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?
In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain
pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among
Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.
37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.
They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.
38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?
Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.
39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.
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40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial
tradition
in western http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlart?
It was the great Venetian painter Titian.
IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the
corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)
41.Athens’democrach
Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but
by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship
was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.
42.Beowulf
Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the
collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells
how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea
monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.
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43.John Locke
John
Locke
was
a
great
empirihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlcist
English
and
an
outstanding political philosopher,
whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.
44.Odyssey
Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island
of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how
finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.
V.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on
the test paper.(10 points)
45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method
(推
理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?
The answer as follows:
1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the
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forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.
2.
He
held
that
philosophy
should
be
kept
separate
from
theology,
not
ihttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlntimately be
blended with is as in Scholasticism.
3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular
facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized
reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.
4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural
world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.
I. 选择
Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture
1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?
A. Greek Culture
B. Roman Culture
C. Egyptian Culture
D. Chinese Culture
2. In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.
A. 1200 B. C.
B. 700 B. C.
C. 146 B. C.
D. The 5th century
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3.
Which
of
the
following
works
described
the
wahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr led by Agamemnon against
the city of Troy?
A. Oedipus the King
B. Iliad
C. Odyssey
D. Antigone
4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?
A. Antigone
B. Agamemnon
C. Persians
D. Prometheus Bound
5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?
A. Electra
B. Antigone
C. Trojan Woman
D. Oedipus the King
6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?
A. Antigone
B. Persians
C. Electra
D. Medea
7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?
A. Aristophanes
B. Euripides
C. Sophocles
D. Aeschylus
8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?
A. Pythagoras
B. Heracleitus
C. Aristotle
D. Plato
9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?
A. Hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmleracleitus
Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Pythagoras
B.
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10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?
A. Protagoras
B. Pythagoras
C. Pyrrhon
D. Epicurus
11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?
A. Horace
B. Julius Caesar
C. Virgil
D. Marcus Tullius Cicero
12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.
A. Virgil
B. Julius Caesar
C. Horace
D. Lucretius
13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?
A. The Colosseum
B. The Panthenon
C. The Parthenon
D. Pont du Gard
14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?
A. Sappho
B. Plato
C. Virgil
D. Horace
Division Two: The Bible and Christianity
15.
Which
of
the
following
is
by
far
the
most
influential
in
Wehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlst?_______
A. Buddism
B. Islamism
C. Christianity
D. Judaism
the
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16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which
are the first five books, called
__________.
A. Exodus
B. Commandments
C. Amos
D. Pentaeuch
17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______
A. Honour your father and your mother
B. Do not commit suicide
C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wife
D. Do not take the name of God in vain
18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______
A. in 169 B.C.
B. in the 4th century
C. in 76 B.C.
D. in the 6th century
19. After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.
A.
sixth
B.
fifth
shttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlecond
C.
D. third
20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the
empire and outlawed all other
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religions? __________
A. Theodosius
B. Augustus
C. Constantine I
D. Nero Caesar
21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity
legal in 313? __________
A. Augustus
B. Thedosius
C. Nero
D. Constantine I
22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.
A. St. Peter
B. St. Paul
C. John Baptist
D. John Wycliff
23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.
A. 228
B. 974
C. 1202
D. 154
24. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.
A. the Latin Vulgate
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. the Aristeas
C. the “Authorized”
D. the Septuagint
25. When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete
work printed.
A. English
B. Latin
C. Aramaic
D. Hebrew
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26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______
A. 1885
B. 1611
C. 1901
D. 1979
Division Three: The Middle Ages
27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into
Europe from central Asia, robbing and
killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ________
A. the Mongolians
B. the Huns
C. the Turkish
D. the Syrians
28. The Middle Ages is also called the _________.
A. “Age of Christianity”http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. “Age of Literature”
C. “Age of Holy Spirit”
D. “Age of Faith”
29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do
for a knight? _______
A. To be loyal to his lord
B. To fight for the church
C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot
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D. To respect women of noble birth
30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service?
_________
A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler
B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler
C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler
D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler
31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox
Church?_________
A. after 1066
32.
Which
B. after 1296
of
the
C. after 1054
following
about
D. after 476
the
knight
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlor noble in the Middle Ages
in Western Europe is NOT
true?____________
A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.
B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.
C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.
D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.
33. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______
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A. At the age of 14.
B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for
the ladies.
C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.
D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.
34. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering
the monastery according to the
Benedictine Rule?
A. They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.
B.
They
could
promise
to
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlgive up all their possession
before entering the monastery.
C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.
D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.
35. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________
A. clergy, knights and serfs
B. Pope, bishop and peasants
C. clergy, lords and peasants
D. knights, nobles and serfs
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36. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won
the crusades and ruled all the
territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________
A. 1270
B. 1254
C. 1096
D. 1291
37. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?
______
A. St. Thomas Aquinas
B. Charlemagne
C. Constantine
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
D. King James
38. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly
to the medieval European
culture? _________
A. Charles I
B. Constantine I
C. Alfred the Great
D. Charles the Great
39. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________
A. English
B. Germanic
C. Hebrew
40. Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________
D. French
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A. Roger Bacon
B. Dante Alighieri
C. Chaucer
D. St. Thomas Aquinas
Division IV: Renaissance and Reformation
41. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and
architecture? _______
A. in Greece and Rome
B. in Florence and Venice
C. in Milan and Fhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllorence
D. in Italy and Germany
42. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then
to Rome, and created High
Renaissance? ___________
A. in the 11th century
B. in the 15th century
C. in the 16th century
D. in the 17th century
43. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______
A. Decameron
B. Canzoniers
C. David
D. Moses
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44. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________
A. Giotto
B. Brunelleschi
C. Donatello
D. Giorgione
45. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode
of painting? _______
A. Raphael
46.
B. Titian
Which
of
the
C. da Vinci
following
D. Michelangelo
High
Renaissance
artishttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlts was best known for
his Madona (Virgin Mary)?
A. Titian
B. da Vinci
C. Michelangelo
D. Raphael
47. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria
riding on a donkey ready to face
the hardship ahead? ________
A. Tempesta
B. Sacred and Profane Love
C. Flight into Egypt
D. The Return of the Hunters
48. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________
A. Jan Hus
B. John Wyliff
C. Martin Luther
49. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?
D. John Calvin
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A. John Wycliff
B. Jan Hus
C. John Calvin
D.Erasmus
50. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities
take place?____
A. Elizabeth I
William I
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
C. Edward III
B.
D. Henry VIII
51. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the
head of the church? _______
A. King
B. Pope
C. Bishop
D. Queen
52. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the
greatness of man,
expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?
_______
A.Gargantua and Pantagruel
C. The Praise of Folly
B. Don Quixote
D. Utopia
53. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do Know” is world famous?________
A. Cervantes
B. Rabelais
C. Montaigne
D. Shakespeare
54. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas
and a style which is easy and
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familiar? ________
A. Sonnets
Decameron
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
C. Rabelais
B.
D. Of Repentance
55. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______
A. Cervantes
B. Pierre de Ronsard
C. Rabelais
D. Montaigne
56. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________
A. Bruegel
B. Erasmus
C. El Greco
D. Rabelais
57. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ” from whose works? _______
A. Chaucer
B. Dante
C. Roger Bacon
D. Shakespeare
Division Five: The Seventeenth Century
58. Who ever said that “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned,
begins in the 17th
century.”?_________
A. Copernicus
B. Francis Bacon
C. Bertrand Russell
59. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?
D. Leibniz
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A. Kepler
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlB.
Copernicus
C. Galileo
D. Newton
60. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope
magnified objects _______.
A. a thousand times
B. a hundred times
C. ten-thousand times
D. five-hundred times
61. Which of the following statements about Newton’s contribution to the science
is NOT true? _______
A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation.
B. He invented calculus.
C. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of the spectrum.
D. He discovered the law of relativity.
62. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true?_________
A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study
of the skies.
B. He discovered the law of inertia.
C.
He
discovered
the
importance
of
accelerationhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html in dynamics.
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D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.
63. The first major advance of modern science occurred in ______.
A. anatomy
________
B. astronomy
and
Newton
invented
C. printing
independently
D. geographical discoveries
the
differential
and
integral
calculus._______
A. Descartes
B. Copernicus
C. Leibniz
D. Kepler
64. Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its
independence… was the publication of
the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______
A. Sidereus Nuncius
B. New Eassays Concerning Human Understanding
C. New system of Nature
D. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs
66. Who ever said that “knowledge is power”? ________
A. Shakespeare
B. Francis Bacon
C. Thomas Hobbes
D. John Locke
67http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html. Which of the following
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works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________
A. Essay Concerning Human Understanding
B. The Novum Organum (New Method)
C. The New Atlantis
D. The Advancement of Learning
68. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?
_______
A. John Locke
B. Descartes
C. Pierre Gassendi
D. Thomas Hobbes
69. What kind of government formed in England after the Glorious Revolution and the
enactment of the Bill of
Rights?
A. constitutional monarchy
C. anarchy
B. republic
D. absolute monarchy
70. When did the Glorious Revolution in England break out? ________
A. 1660
B. 1649
C. 1688
D. 1689
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71. Which of the following works is NOT written by John Milton? ______
A.
Paradise
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlLost
B. Areopagitica
C. Samson Agonistes
D. Andromaque
72. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposing
complete censorship of the press.
This was his best known prose ______.
A. Andromaque
B. Areopagitica
C. Paradise Lost
D. Paradise Regained
73. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited
the Sovereign’s power in certain
important directions? ________
A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.
B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.
C. The King should levy no money at any time.
D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of
Parliament.
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74.
Which
of
the
following
philosophers
ever
said
“I
think,
thereforhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle I am”? ________
A. Francis Bacon
B. Pierre Gassendi
C. Descartes
D. John Locke
75. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille’s work? ______
A. Le Cid
B. Andromaque
C. Tartuffe
D. Le Misanthrope
76. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe and
certain principle and laws of
physics is innate? ________
A. John Locke
B. Pierre Gassendi
C. Francis Bacon
D. Descartes
77. Whose slogan is “I think, therefore I am”? _________
A. John Locke
B. Pierre Gassendi
C. Descartes
D. Francis Bacon
78. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its
climax? ______
A. Rubens
79.
Which
B. Borromini
of
the
following
C. Caravaggio
artists
helped
D. Bernini
to
spread
stylhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle
to
the
Baroque
North
Europe?
______
A. Rubens
B. Velazquez
C. Borromini
D. Bernini
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80. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is
basically classical, his figures are
frozen and their action stiff? _____
A. Christopher Wren
B. Rembrandt
C. Poussin
D. Rubbens
81. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and the most
powerful country in Europe?
____________
A. Flander
B. the Netherlands
C. England
D. France
III. 名词解释
1. Aeschylus
He was regarded as one of the three greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece.
He has written more then 80 plays such as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.
2. Plato
He was the philosopher of ancient Greece, pupil of Socrates. He built up a
comprehensive
system
of
idealismhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html philosophy. Of the
Dialogues he wrote, 27 have survived, including The Apology, Symposium and The
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Republic.
3. The Edict of Milan
When Constantine I won the throne from his rivals, he believed that God helped him
in winning the battle and issued the Edict of Milan in 313. This edict granted
religious freedom to all, and made Christianity legal.
4. Middle Ages
In European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman
Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. It is so called because it
came between ancient times and modem times. In the Middle Ages, Christianity took
the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It shaped people's
lives. So this period is also called the “Age of Faith”.
5. The code of chivalry
A knight should pledge to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be
loyhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlal to his lord and to
respect
women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the
western idea of good manners developed.
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6. Scholasticism
It was the study of general questions starting from ancient writings and Christian
teaching. The Italian theologian Thomas Aquinas was the supreme figure in
scholasticism in the Middle Ages.
7. The Reformation
It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It
was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed
at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with
the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication
between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their
mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were
intehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrested
in
liberating
national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and
carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests
of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and
shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for
capitalism.
8. Calvinism
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The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion,
which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed
the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by
God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation
whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians have suggested
that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.
9. Kepler’s Laws
Kepler is best known http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlfor his
discovery of the three laws of planetary motion, the three laws being called Kepler’s
Laws published in 1609 and 1619. They may be stated as follows: (a) Each planet moves
in an ellipse, not a perfect circle, with the sun at one focus; (b) Each planet moves
more rapidly when near the sun than farther from it; (c) The distance of each planet
from the sun bears a definite relation to the time period the planet take to complete
a revolution around the sun. This law was reduced to a mathematical formula: the square
of the period of revolution of a planet about the sun is proportional to the cube
of the mean distance of the planet from the sun.
10. Baroque art
Baroque art flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France
in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized
by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmland color.
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IV. 问答
1. What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
In Greek society, only adult male citizen had real power and the citizenship was a
set of rights which a man inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested
on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The exploitation
was a serious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took part in the
contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being.
2. In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato? What are some of
Aristotle's works that are still
influential today?
(a) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should
follow fact. This is different from Plato's reliance on subjective thinking. (b) He
thought that "idea" and matter together made concrete individual realities in which
he differed fhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrom Plat who
held that ideas had higher reality than the physical world. His significant works
includes: Ethics, Politics , Poetics and Rhetoric
3. What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference
between them?
(a) The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks. Both people had traditions rooted
in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. Their
religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified—Greek
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Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on—and their myths
to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways and were ultimately related, both
being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh
to Iceland. (b)There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire. The
Greeks didn't, excepted for the brief moment of Alexander's conquests, which soon
disinteghttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlrated.
4. What was the Hebrew's major contribution to world civilization?
The history of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in
the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament,
which still later became the first part of Christian Bible. Thus the Hebrews made
one of the greatest contributions to the world civilization.
5. Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything
else ever written?
Judeo-Christian tradition constitutes one of the two major components of European
culture.
(a) The Bible which is virtually related to every phase of human life greatly
influences people's daily life, especially in the Middle Ages when almost everyone
was a Christian;
(b) The Bible has great impact upon western literature. For a long period of time,
the
Latin
Bible
was
accepted
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ashttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html the authority and Latin
was the official language of the Roman Catholic Church, so most European literature
at that time was in Latin. Besides, it is generally accepted that the English Bible
and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modem English. Furthermore, the use of
Biblical themes has been a literary tradition. In fact few great English and American
writers of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th century can be read and appreciated with
satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible;
(c) The study of the Christian teaching especially the Bible has become an important
branch of knowledge-scholasticism which has been prevalent for centuries;
(d) The Bible has also influenced western philosophies and science. Thus the Bible
has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written.
6. How did Christian monks help Western civilization survive?
The Christian monhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlks helped
western civilization survive in many ways:
(a) The Christian monks spread Christianity to the Mediterranean region and some of
them even suffered martyrdom;
(b) Some monks translated the Old Testament into Greek
and St. Jerome translated the whole Bible into Latin, Later some such as John Wycliif
and William Tyndale translated the Bible into the vernacular;
(c) In the Middle Ages, people in western Europe were mainly divided into three classes:
clergy, lords and peasants. Of these three classes, the only literate section were
the clergy. The Christian monks did a lot to help preserve and transmit a large part
of the traditional heritage of the western culture. They not only translated the Bible
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into Latin or the vernacular but also copied or translated the ancient works into
the vernacular, such as the monks in these monasteries set up by Charlemagne and Alfred
the Great.
7.
What
are
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe
major
elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art and literature during
the
Italian Renaissance?
(a) Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. Humanists in Renaissance believed that
human beings had rights to pursue wealth and pleasure and they admired me beauty of
human body. This belief ran counter to the medieval ascetical idea of poverty and
stoicism, and shifted man's interest from Christianity to humanity, from religion
to philosophy, from heaven to earth, from the beauty of God to the beauty of human
in all its joys, senses and feelings. (b) The philosophy of humanism is reflected
in the art and literature during the Italian Renaissance in the literary works of
Boccaccio and Petrarch and in the art of Giotto, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Giorgione,
da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian, etc. In their works they did not stress
death
and
the
other
world
but
call
on
man
to
live
and
work
fohttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr the present and future
world.
8. How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval
tradition?
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The Italian Renaissance art and architecture radically broke away from the medieval
methods of representing the visible world. Compared with the latter, the former has
the following distinct features:
(a) Art broke away from the domination of church and artist who used to be craftsmen
commissioned by the church became a separate strata doing noble and creative works;
(b) Themes of paintings and architecture changed from purely celestial realm focusing
on the stories of the Bible, of God and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of
nature and man;
(c) The artist studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the
principles of ancient civilization into their works; (d) Artists introduced in their
works
scientific
theories
of
anatomy
and
perspectivhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmle.
9. What were the major differences between Locke’s concept of “social contract”
and Hobbes’s?
(a) Hobbes’s concept of “social contract” is as follows. To escape anarchy, men
enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return, men
attain peace and security. In his theory, the powers of the sovereign must be absolute,
and it is only by the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can
be avoided. And the sovereign is not a party himself to the social contract. The
subjects of the sovereign cannot either change the form of the government or repudiate
the authority of the sovereign. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred
monarchy.
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(b) Locke tried to show the rational foundation of political society and government.
He emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the
individual’s
consent
to
submit
to
the
will
of
the
majority
ahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlnd that the will of the
majority must prevail. For him, absolute monarchy was contrary to the original social
contract and dangerous to liberty. For him, the ruler of government is one partner
of the social contract.
(c) Although both Hobbes and Locke used the term “social con-tract”, they differ
fundamentally. First, Hoboes argued that men enter into a social contract to escape
the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other, Locke
argued that men are equal and that they enter into a social contract by reason.
Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the
sovereign whose power is absolute. Locke argued that the individuals surrender their
rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative
is chosen, but his power is not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will,
the people have the right to overthrow him.
://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr
10. What is Descartes’s method of Cartesian doubt? What is its significance?
Descartes employed methodic doubt with a view to discovering whether there was an
indubitable truth. And he expressed this truth in this famous motto; “I doubt,
therefore I think: I think, therefore 1 am.” This Cartesian doubt is the most
important point in his philosophy. According to Descartes, “I think therefore I am”
makes mind more certain than matter. He “believed that a thing that is thinking is
one that doubts, understands, conceives, affirms, denies, wills, imagines, and feels.
Doubting is thinking, thinking is the essence of mind. So he concluded that all things
that we conceive very clearly and distinctly are true, and that knowledge of things
must be by the mind. As to the senses, he
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believed that they are not dependable.
1.
_________
believed
that
the
highest
good
in
life
freedomhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
was
from
pleasure,
pain
and
emotional upheaval.
A. Sophists
B. Cynics
C. Skeptics
D. Epicureans
2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand,
and I will move the world."
A. Archimedes
C. Plato
B. Aristotle
D. Euclid
3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West
Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________
A. 395
B. 27
C. 1453
D. 476
4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders
of Christian thought.
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A. Jesus
B. Augustine
C. Thomas Aquinas
D. Martin Luther
5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and
a
scientist---http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html--
a
Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.
A. Michelangelo
B. Raphael
C. Shakespeare
D. Leonardo Da Vinci
6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time,
the romance of chivalry.
A. Don Quixote
B. Hamlet
C. Leviathan
D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal
non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common,
possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious
belief.
A. The Praise of the Folly
C. Divine Comedy
B. As You Like It
D. Utopia
8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the
West.
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A.
Machiavelli
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlB. Dante
C. Bacon
D. Locke
9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,
not the earth, is the center of the universe.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape,
which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final
explanation or generalization.
A. 18th
B. 15 th
C. 16 th
D. 17 th
11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."
A.. Isaac Newton
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D. Marx
12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material----theological,
mythological,
philosophical,
political,
economic,
aesthetic,http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
scientific,
musical,
and
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literary.
A. Goethe
B. Defoe
C. Rousseau
D. Byron
13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
A. Wordsworth
B. Shelley
C. Pushkin
D. Balzac
14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except
_________.
A. the power of reason
C. spontaneity
B. individual freedom
D. love of nature
15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the
West Wind" by ________.
A. Wordsworth
C. Pushkin
B. Keats
D. Shelley 16. The composer of Swan Lake was
____, a genius in symphonic music.
A. Tchaikovsky
C.
B. Chopin
Beethoven
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http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
D. Mozart
17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________.
A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils
B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals
C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint
D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"
18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
A. Resurrection
B. War and Peace
C. Crime and Punishment
D. Anna Karenina
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except
________.
A. democracy
B. the dignity of the individual
C. the idyllic way of life
20.
Modernism
D. the brotherhood of man
was
characterized
by
________.://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions
B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of
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human relations
C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the
formless
D. all of the above.
****** 2 ******
1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.
A. 1,200 B.C.
C. 4th century B.C.
B. 5th century B. C.
D. 146 B. C.
2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is
A. the Pathenon
C. She-wolf
B. the Colossseum
D. the Ionic style of temple
3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about
A. God
C.
the
D. A and C
_________.
_________.
B. the doctrine of Jesus Christ
Lahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlws
of
God
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4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Jesus was born in Galilee.
B. Jesus was born in a synagogue.
C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.
D. Jesus was born into a merchant’s family. 5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system
of _________.
A. military service
B. land holding
C. government
D. B and C
6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?
A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century.
B. The Gothic style started in France.
C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were based on the natural forces.
D. Gothic style churches were solid but small.
7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.
A.
ancient
Greek
culture
Rhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmloman culture
B.
ancient
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C. the Bible
D. A and B
8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are
_________.
A. wars and class conflicts
B. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world
and routes to India
C. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and
publication
D. all of the above
9. Which of the following died a prisoner?
A. Copernicus
B. Newton
C. Kepler
D. Galileo
10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.
A. Thomas Hobbes
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D. A and C
11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.
A.
government
intervention
devhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlelopment
B.
balanced
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C. the policy of laissezfaire
D. strict regulation
12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is
A. Goethe
_________.
B. Defoe
C. Schiller
D. Kant
13. The Lakers refer to
_________.
A. Wordsworth and Coleridge
C. William Blake and Keats
B. Byron and Shelly
D. None of the above
14. The later Romantics in music refer to
A. Schuman and Chopin
C. Beethoven and Mozart
_________.
B. Verdi and Wagner
D. Haydn and Bach
15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that
_________.
A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousness
B. activity is basic
C. socialism would be realized through class struggle
D.
surplus
value
is
the
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sourcehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html of the wealth of the
capitalist class
16. The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution is
A. immutable fixity of species
_________.
B. natural selection
C. artificial selection
D. none of the above
17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by
A. Dostoyevsky
_________.
B. Gogol
C. Corky
D. Chekhov
18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?
A. David Copperfield
B. Hard Times
C. Vanity Fair
D. Oliver Twist
19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is
A. Henry James
B. Virginia Woolf
C. T.S. Eliot
20.
One
_________.
D. D.H. Lawrence
of
the
chief
representatives
of
the
thehttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html Absurd is
Theatre
of
_________.
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A. Kinsley Amis
B. John Osborne
C. Allen Ginsberg
D. Samuel Beckett
****** 3 ******
1. Socrates was _________.
A. the teacher of Aristotle
B. the student of Plato
C. the teacher of Plato
D. the student of Aristotle
2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.
A. the Roman empire
B. the slave system
C. the production of the great epic writer
D. the Roman law
3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.
A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian rule
C. the story of Noah’s Ark
B. the prisoners in Babylon
D. the rule of King Solomon
4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.
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A.http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
Hebrew
B. Aramaic dialect
C. Greek
D. Latin
5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?
A. Loyalty to his lord.
B. Fighting for the church.
C. Protection of the people.
D. Respect for women of noble birth.
6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.
A. to re-control Jerusalem
C. to regain the Holy land --- Palestine
B. to open path to Byzantine
D. to open trade route to the east 7.
The essence of Renaissance philosophy was _________.
A. the emphasis on the greatness of man
B. the glorification of God
C. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasure
D. the importance of wealth
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8.
Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his observation in notebooks running
up to _________ volumes.
A. 1, 000
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. 5, 000
C. 3, 000
D. 4, 000
9. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.
A. John Locke
B.
Francis Bacon
C. Isaac Newton
D. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz 10. The most
important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.
A. I think therefore I am
B. I use my senses therefore I am
C. I doubt therefore I am
D. None of the above
11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.
A. Voltaire and Rousseau
B. Diderot and Montesquieu
C. John Locke and Isaac Newton
D. None of the above
12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousseau?
A. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.
（
The
Declaration
of
Independence
美
国
的
《
独
立
宣
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言》）://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlr
B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man. （Rousseau
卢梭）
C. Love truth, but pardon error.
(Voltaire 伏尔泰)
D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else.
(Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789） 法国的《人权宣言》)
13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________.
A. in the late 19th century and early 20th century
B. in the 19th century
C. in the late 17th century and early 18th century
D. in the late 18th century and early 19th century
14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________.
A. Atala and Rene （Chateaubriand 夏多布里昂）
B. Ivanhoe and The Heart of Mid – lothian
Walter Scott 的《艾凡赫》又译《撒克逊劫后英雄传》以及《中洛辛郡的心脏》
Dame de Paris and Les Miserables
D. Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov
C. Notre
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普 希 金 pushkin 的 《 叶 甫 盖 尼 · 奥 涅 金 》 和 《 鲍 里 斯 · 戈 都 诺 夫
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html》
15. The man who applied Darwin’s evolution to society was_________.
A. Yah Fu
C. Alfred Russel Wallace
B. Thomas Huxley
D. Herbert Spencer
16. According to Marx，the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________.
A. he proclaimed materialism
B. he supported Hegel
C. he supported the utopian socialists
D. he put forward the idea of class struggle
17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________.
A. van Gogh
B. Paul Gauguin
C. Claude Monet
D. Gustave Courbet
18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy?
A. Far from the Madding Crowd.
C. Tess of the d'Urberyvilles.
B. The Return of the Native.
D. A Tale of Two Cities.
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19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet.
A. English
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. Scottish
C. American
D. Irish
20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by
_________.
A. Ezra Pound
B. William Faulkner
C. James Joyce
D. Ernest Hemingway
****** 4 ******
1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.
B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.
C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?
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A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.
C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.
D. The Roman http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlEmpire was
conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.
3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.
A. a religious book
C. record of great minds
B. literature
D. all of the above
4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.
A. a loosely organized religious institution
B. a highly centralized European organization
C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization
D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.
5. The Crusades were wars between __________.
A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims
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B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe
C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems
D. the Arabs and the Turks
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.
A.
feudal
hierarchy
of
society
B.
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmldivine
power
of
feudal
rulers
C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers
D. all of the above 7. The motto
Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.
A. What do I know?
B. I doubt therefore I think.
C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.
D. Only to stand out of my light.
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.
A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
C. explored the mouth of the Amazon
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D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?
A. Law of buoyancy.
B. Law of falling bodies.
C. Law of relativity.
D. Law of universal gravitation.
10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil
government was http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html__________.
A. the protection of private property
B. the upholding of free thinking
C. the abolishment of the rule of the church
D. regulation of economy
11. Which of the following is not true about the
developments of the Industrial Revolution?
A. The substitution of water power for human power.
B. The introduction of machine.
C. The beginning of the factory system.
D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class. 12. "Man is born free, and
everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.
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A. Voltaire
B. Rousseau
C. Diderot
D. Moliere
13. In the works of __________, one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.
A. Handel
B. Haydn
C. Bach
D. Mozart
14.
The
poem
of
Byron'
s
that
was
transhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmllated into Chinese at
the turn of the 20th century is __________.
A. Don Juan
B. Defence of Poetry
C. Ode to a Nightingale
D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.
A. the spirit of the French Revolution
C. ideas of a moral nature
B. the spirit of Byronic heroes
D. the praise of natural beauty
16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano.
A. Mozart
B. Chopin
C.Schubert
D. Schumann
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17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.
B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.
C. David Copperfield.
D. Pickwick Papers.
18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.
A.http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
O'
Henry
B. Jack London
C. Mark Twain
D. Maupassant
19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The
author of these lines was __________.
A. William Faulkner
C. T. S. Eliot
B. Ezra Pound
D. William Butler Yeats
20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th
century.
A. Sholokhov
C. Chekhov
****** 5 ******
B. Tolstoy
D. Gorky
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I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________
A. Athenian democracy
B. The Olympic Games
C. The epics of Homer
D. All of the above
2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?
A.
He
is
called
"
Father
Hhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlistory".
B. He wrote about the wars between Athens and Sparta.
C. He contributed greatly to tragic art.
D. He used clever parody in his writing.
3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________
A. the fall of man
C. Noah’s Ark
B. the creation of the world
D. all of the above.
4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________
A. Nero
B. Moses
of
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C. Spartacus
D. Abraham
5. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________
A. the building of monasteries
B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin
C. the setting up of the church system
D. none of the above
6. The main classes under feudalism in Western Europe were __
A.
monks,
lords
and
townspeople
B.
knighhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlts and peasants
knights, peasants and townspeople
D. clergy, lords and peasants
7. Which of the following is not true about Dante?
A. Dante was a great Italian poet.
B. Dante wrote Beowulf.
C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian.
D. Dante was a great political thinker.
8. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic because of __________
clergy,
C.
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A. his teaching philosophy at Oxford
B. his vigorous attack on orthodox church doctrines
C. his clerical associations and activities
D. A&C
9. Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great
importance to ________
A. deductive reasoning
C. direct observation and experiment
B. classical authority
D. humanist learning
10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.
A.
practicalhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. deductive reasoning
C. induction
D. experiment
11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________.
A. that it was still mainly religious paintings
B. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the time
C. that it was mainly portraits of noble families
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D. that the theme was mainly court life
12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers?
A. Locke
C. Voltaire
13.
B. Hobbes
D. Montesquieu
Diderot is best known as ________.
A. the author of Persian Letters （Montesquieu）
B. the author of the Origin of Human Inequality （Rousseau）
C. the editor of the Encyclopedie
D. the author of Philosophical Thoughts
(Diderot)
14. The lines "http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlAnd mask in
every face I meet / Masks of weakness, masks of woe" are written by _______.
A. William Blake
C. Byron
15.
B. Lermontov
D. Turgenev
B. Schiller
D. Keats
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16. A work jointly written by Marx and Engels is ________.
A. Capital
C. Thesis on Feuerbach
B. The Manifesto of the Communist Party
D. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
17. Which author won the Nobel Prize in 1925?
A. Thomas Hardy
B. George Eliot
C. George Bernard Shaw
D. Henry James
18. Which novel was acclaimed as the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes'?.
A. Leaves of Grass
C. The Portrait of a Lady
B. Uncle Tom's Cabin
D. Dead Souls
19. _______ was the discoverer of X - rays.
A.
Rontgen
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
B. Madame Curie
C. Rutherford
D. Einstein
20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams was
A. T. S. Eliot
C.
D. H. Lawrence
B. James Joyce
D. Sigmund Freud
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****** 6 ******
1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?
A. Women citizens
B. Adults
C. Adult male citizens
D. Foreigners and children
2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?
A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates.
B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato.
C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.
D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers.
3. The great deed that David performed was ____.
A. he took the Hebrews back to Canaan
B. he kilhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlled Goliath, the
philistine giant
C. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~d
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D. none of the above
4. In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.
A. the rich
B. the poor
C. the ruling class
D. all people
5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?
A. A nobleman was born a knight.
B. Knighthood had to be earned.
C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.
D. After being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry. 6. The
Inquisition was ______
A. a church court set up to try heretics
B. an organization for church investigation
C. a court in many kingdoms
D. the decision - making body of the church
7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which_____.
A.
he
expressed
hishttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
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opposition to the despotic rule
B. he made inquiry into the reality
C. he expressed his vision of man
D. B and C
8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.
A. suppressed the Reformation movement by force
B. refused to accept any reform
C. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms
and improvements
D. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition
9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy is
A. his discovery of the law of inertia
B. his discovery of the Ptolemaic system
C. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion
D. none of the above 10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated
that .__
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A. all our knowledge sprang from experience
B. knowledge was power
C.
every
man
was
enemy
to
every
manhttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.html
D. the world was made up of simple, active substances
11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.
A. the issuance of the Declaration of Independence
B. the founding of the First Republic
C. the seizure of the Bastille
D. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws
12. Voltaire was noted for his_____.
A. wit
B. satire
C. passion
D. A and B 13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued
that________.
A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason
B. creation is never complete; it is ever going on
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C. virtue can be sustained without religious belief
D. man's greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself 14. The Lyrical
Ballads was written by _________.
A. Shelley
C.
Blake
B. Wordsworth and Coleridge
and
Keahttp://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlts
D. Byran and Shelley
15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.
A. Wordsworth
B. Byron
C. Keats
D. Blake
16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted _______ in German
classical philosophy.
A. Hegel's dialectics
C. Feuerbach's materialism
B. Feuerbach's metaphysics
D. A and C 17. Balzac's monumental work was
________.
A. Divine Comedy
C. The Brothers Karamazov
B. The Human Comedy
D. Les Miserables
18. The author of A Doll's House was ________.
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A. George Bernard Shaw
C. Henric Ibsen
B. Chekhov
D. Leo Tolstoy
19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?
A. The Waste Land
C.
B. Dubliners
Cantos
D.
http://doc.guandang.net/bbbd65f0b09550dc8fc40e2e0.htmlthe Fury
20. The poem Howl was written by ________.
A. Kingsley Amis
B. John Osborne
C. Allen Ginsberg
D. Ezra Pound
Division1:
6-10 CAACC
1-5 DCBBC
The
Sound
and
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Division2:
1-5 DCABB
6-8 BCC
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