Download Earth Science - First Semester Exam Review Sheet

Geoscience - First Semester Exam Review Sheet
This is given as a generic list of material, to get the full just of it you must read between the lines.
EX: Define Atom: The smallest part of an element that still has or retains the properties of that element. This
is not all you should know, what else? An atom is made of protons which are positively charged found in the nucleus,
neutrons which are neutral and found in the nucleus, electrons which are negatively charged found in shells orbiting
the nucleus. The number of protons is also the atomic number of the element, the sum of the protons and neutrons is
the atomic mass of the element. If the atom is neutral in charge the number of protons and neutrons is the same.
Chapter 1 - The Nature of Science
What number is the basis of the SI (metric) system?
How is the volume of an object calculated?
Define variable:
Define control:
What are the 4 branches of Earth Science? Give examples of what is studied by each one.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define hypothesis:
What are the SI units for a) mass
b) volume
Define volume:
Define mass:
What are the 6 basic steps (in order) of the scientific method?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
c) length?
Chapter 2 - Matter and Its Changes
List the 4 states of matter.
1.
3.
2.
4.
Describe the 2 conditions that can be altered in order to change from one state of matter to another. Give an example.
Define atom:
Define molecule:
What is the difference between a positive and negative ion?
What is shared between the atoms in an H2O molecule?
What happens to a liquid at its boiling point?
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound? Give an example of each one.
What are physical properties? Give an example of a physical property.
What are chemical properties? Give an example of a chemical property.
Name the 3 main parts of an atom, give the electrical charge of each part, and tell where each is located in or about the
atom.
1.
2.
3.
Define matter:
Define density. How would you calculate the density of an object (mathematical formula)?
Chapter 3 - Minerals
What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is the largest group of rock-forming minerals?
Define ore:
Define each of the following mineral properties that is used to determine the name of a mineral:
hardness luster streak cleavage Chapter 4 - Rocks
Define rock:
What is the rock cycle?
How is an igneous rock formed? Give an example.
How is a sedimentary rock formed? Give an example.
How is a metamorphic rock formed? Give an example.
What is a granitic rock?
What is a basaltic rock?
What is an intrusive igneous rock?
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Why does magma rise to the Earth’s surface? (hint: density)
Chapter 5 - Views of Earth
Define longitude:
Define latitude:
Be able to locate the following on a map:
Equator - 0° lat., Prime Meridian - 0° long., International Date Line -180° long., and various points of
longitude and latitude.
How many different time zones are there on Earth, and how much time on a clock is each separated by?
Define map scale. Give an example in ratio form.
Chapter 6 - Weathering and Soil
Define mechanical weathering. List some of the causes of mech. Weathering.
Define chemical weathering. List some of the causes of chemical weathering.
Define soil:
Define oxidation. Give an example.
Define humus. Which soil horizon contains the most humus?
How long can it take for soil to form?
Be able to identify the A, B, C horizons and the parent rock in a soil profile.
Chapter 7 - Erosional Forces
What are the 4 agents of erosion?
1.
3.
2.
4.
What are the 4 types of mass movements?
1.
3.
2.
4.
Define abrasion:
Define deflation:
Define deposition:
Define erosion:
Define dunes:
What type of deposit forms when the Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico?
How is a sand dune formed?
Chapter 8 - Water Erosion and Deposition
Define groundwater:
Define impermeable:
Define meander:
Define permeable:
Define runoff:
How does the amount of vegetation (or lack of vegetation) affect the amount of runoff?
Know some basic differences between young, mature, and old streams.
Chapter 9 - Earthquakes
Define earthquake:
What is the difference between the magnitude and intensity of an earthquake? What scale is used to measure each
one?
What are the 3 types of faults, and the force that causes each type of fault. Be able to identify each one.
1.
2.
3.
Be able to locate on a diagram the following layers of the Earth:
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake?
What are the 3 types of seismic waves? Which is the fastest wave, which is the slowest, and which wave
does the most damage to buildings.
1.
2.
3.
Chapter 10 - Volcanoes
What are the 3 types of volcanoes and what type of magma is each one made of?
1.
2.
3.
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Define hot spot:
Define tephra:
Define volcano:
Define dike:
Define sill:
Define batholith:
What is the difference between basaltic magma and granitic magma? Which is more explosive and why?
What is the difference between a Volcanic Island arc and a Volcanic Continental arc?
What is the name of the world’s most active volcano? Where is it located?