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Ancient Rome Worksheet #1 [40 pts] Chap. 6, Sect. 1, pp. 163 1. The Founding of Rome According to legend the city of Rome was founded by twins _______________and __________________. The boys were raised by a ________________. The brothers decided to build a city on the ____________ River. The brothers fought over the details of the city and eventually ______________ killed ______________. __________________ then named the city __________after himself. 2. Describe how Geography influenced Rome’s development. (2pts) 3.The city of Rome was founded in ______BC by the ________________ people on a river in the center of Italy. Two other groups lived in what is now Italy: the __Greeks___ in the south, and the ___________________ in the north. 4. The Etruscans influenced the Romans. List three examples of this a. c. b. 5. A government in which citizens have the right to select their own leader is called: _________________ 6. Two groups struggled for power in the new Roman republic. Circle the group that held the most power. Aristocratic landowners belonged to the group called the ____________________. Farmers, artisans, and merchants belonged to a group called the __________________. 7. An official who helped the plebeians protect their rights were called _________________. 8. a. What were the Twelve Tables ? b.Why was the creation of the Twelve Tables significant? 9. The government in the Roman Republic was broken down into three parts. They were the following: a) Two government officials who were elected each year and led the government and army were called ___ b) The 300 members who were chosen from the upper classes and passed laws were called the _________ c) The group of people organized to make laws for a community were called _________________ 10. What did the Roman’s consider “balanced government?”(2pts) 11. In your own words summarize the 3 branches of Roman Government (1 pt each) a. b. c. 12. a. What was the “heart of the city” during the Roman Republic? b. What types of activities took place here? 13. A Roman leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army for a brief period was called: ____________________ 14. Any citizen who owned property had to serve in the army. Roman soldiers were organized into military units called ______________. These military units were made up of about ____________ heavily armed foot soldiers. 15. The series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage were called the ________________ Wars. 16. What Carthaginian general crossed the Alps with elephants and attacked northern Italy? ___________________ 17. How did the conquest of Greece by Rome lead to major change in Roman society? (2 pt From Republic to Empire Chap. 6, Sect. 2 1. A conflict between two groups in the same country is called a ___________ war. 2. Who were Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus and what happened to them? 3. Rome’s expansion widened the gap between the rich and the poor. Explain how this happened. 4. Who was Gaius Marius & Lucius Sulla? How did Gaius Marius change the way the military was 5. Leading generals fought for power in the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey united and formed a government called a __________________, which lasted about ten years. 6. Julius Caesar gained fame with several victories in battle and Pompey feared Caesar’s popularity. As a result the two fought a civil war that lasted several years. Who won this civil war? JULIUS CAESAR or POMPEY? List and explain changes Caesar made as dictator. a. b. c. 7. What happened to Julius Caesar during the March of Ides? 8. List the members of the Second Triumvirate a. b. c. 9. Who became the leader of the Roman Republic after Julius Caesar? ___________________. What title did he bestow upon himself? ______________________ 10. What usually happed to the people in territories conquered by the Roman army? ___________________________ 11. Who was Rome’s ablest emperor? ________________. What (4) things did he accomplish as emperor? a) ________________________________ b) ________________________________ c) ________________________________ d) ________________________________ 13. Describe the Pax Romana Rome Worksheet #2 Rise of Christianity p.183-187 Name _________ 1. How did the Jews come under Roman rule? 2. What did Rome do to bring about order in Judea? 3. How did the Zealots react to Roman rule? According to Jewish tradition, God promised that the ______________ would restore the kingdom of the Jews. 4. One Jew named, ________________ came to be known as Christ and was believed to be a savior. 5. How did other Jews react to Roman rule? 6. What was the main message of Jesus’s teaching? 7. A close follower of Jesus was called a _______________. 8. Which disciple is/was responsible for spreading Christianity? 9. At first Jesus’ followers were all Jewish. Later, under one apostle named ____________, Christians began to look to all people, even non-Jews, to join the Church. 10. How does Paul begin to distinguish Christianity from Judaism? 11. Who were the martyrs and why were they persecuted? 12. What were the (5) reasons why Christianity spread and appealed to so many people? a) ________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________ d) ________________________________________________________________________ e) ________________________________________________________________________ 13. Who was Constantine and why is he historically significant? 14. What is the Edict of Milan? 15. What type of officials developed in the early Christian Church? 16. As the Church grew it became more organized. Priests were in charge of small churches, ____________ were in charge of all the churches in one area, and the _____________ was the head of the Christian Church 17. Why did the pope, as the bishop of Rome claim to have authority over all other bishops? 18. How did the Christian church change as it grew? 19. Use your notes to identify the sequence of events in the spread of Christianity start with 6 AD end at 391. (at least five dates should be listed 6AD 391AD Roman Society and Culture p. 177 – 182 Use the word web to take notes on Roman life and culture. Politics: Family: Religion: Roman Society and Culture Entertainment: Education: Society: Language: Architecture: 1. What was the name of the culture that developed from the blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures called? ____________________________ 2. The type of art in which designs are made using tiny tiles is called ___________________ 3. In both literature and philosophy, the Romans were inspired by the Greeks. The poet ________ wrote the Aeneid. 4. The Roman Language called ____________ became the official language of the Roman Catholic Church into the 20th century. Many European languages developed from this language including; _____________, ___________, ______________, ________________, and Romanian. 5. The Romans also became famous for their skill at engineering. They used ____________ and _____________ to build large and impressive buildings. They also built a system that carried water from distant lakes and rivers to large cities called __________________. 6. In Roman society, the head of the family was typically _____________________________ 7. Priests known as augurs were important members of Roman society because________________________ 8. The Roman engineering achievement that made large public structures possible was ______________________ 9. The language of ancient Rome—Latin—lives on in_____________________________