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th
9 Grade
‘English for
Success’
UNIT 1
The Earth in
Space
Lesson 1 – Origin of the Universe
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Simple and Compound Nouns
 Theme: Big Bang Theory
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Debate – Form two groups, have one group represent the Big Bang Theory and one group
stand for Creation. Have them debate the two theories.
B. Opinions - Have a discussion with your students about what they think of the text. Do they
believe the Big Bang Theory happen? Do they believe God created the world? What other
theories are there? Why do they think the way they do?
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Easy compound nouns:
boyfriend
girlfriend
godfather
godmother
grandparents
grandchildren
mother-in-law
father-in-law
everyday
everywhere
something
somewhere
backpack
bookstore
sidewalk
drugstore
bedroom
bathroom
bathtub
cupboard
toothbrush
toothpaste
handbag
butterfly
baseball
textbook
schoolboy
weekend
businessman
policeman
eyelids
eyebrows
godson
grandmother
sister-in-law
son-in-law
everyone
somebody
bookshop
newspaper
armchair
bookshelf
nightstand
football
notebook
weekday
postman
eyelashes
goddaughter
grandfather
brother-in-law
daughter-in-law
someone
bookbag
supermarket
newscaster
bookcase
hairbrush
suitcase
basketball
schoolgirl
businesswoman
forehead
eyeball
A. Descriptions – Give your students these descriptions and see if they can guess what the
compound noun is. (or come up with some of your own or have your students come up with some
descriptions of compound nouns for their classmates)
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the room where you sleep (bedroom)
the work you do at home for school (homework)
a game you can only kick the ball with your feet (football)
the lids that cover your eyes (eyelids)
your mother’s father (grandfather)
a store where you can buy books (bookstore)
a market that is very large (supermarket)
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the place where you walk on the side of the street (sidewalk)
the brush you use to clean your teeth (toothbrush)
the two days that are at the end of the week (weekend)
a paper you read to hear about the news (newspaper)
a man who works for the police (policeman)
the room where we have class (classroom)
B. Form Compound Nouns from the two columns: (40 compound nouns)
Column 1
Grand
Book
God
School
Eye
Step
Tooth
Business
Every
Some
Column 2
woman
lashes
store
girl
brows
children
boy
brush
mother
father
bag
case
daughter
son
paste
man
thing
where
day
one
body
lids
ball
C. Combine the words in capital letters with each word of the list below it, putting it either
before or after according to the meaning.
MAN
work
police
kind
SCHOOL
book
boy
master
HOUSE
work
hold
wife
WORK
needle
day
shop
SHOP
book
window
work
LAND
father
mark
lord
PAPER
bag
news
money
DAY
birth
break
pay
MASTER
piece
school
head
HORSE
man
shoe
race
TABLE
time
tennis
cloth
HEAD
light
line
ache
(Source 7 , p. 270)
Lesson 2 – The Beginnings of Life
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Noun Derivation
 Theme: Evolution / Creation Theories
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Discussion Questions

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
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



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What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘evolution’?
Do you believe the theory of evolution?
How do you think the world got here?
How do you think we got here?
What do you think we will look like millions of years from now?
Why have we evolved into different looks and colours?
How was the very first life form created and what did it do/look like?
Why is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution discarded by so many religions?
Do you think God created everything as it is outlined in the book of Genesis?
Do you think we descended from the apes?
Do you think humans are set apart from the animal kingdom?
How can we know what happened millions of years ago?
B. Read the info box on p. 12. Have them compare this creation theory with creation or the big
bang theory using a Venn-diagram. Or give them other creation theories from other cultures and
them discuss the similarities and differences.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Noun Derivation (examples for class)
Citizen – citizenship
(cetăţean – cetăţenie)
To shoot – shot
(shot: împuşcătură or ţintaş)
Secure – security
(sigur – securitate, siguranţa)
To feed – food
(a (se) hrăni – mîncare)
Long – length
(lung – lungime)
Wide – width
(lat – lăţime)
To correct – correction (correct – corectare)
Similar – similarity
(similar – asemănare)
To identify – identification (a identifica – identificare)
Rage – outrage
(furie – indignare)
Habit – habitation
(obişnuinţă – locuinţă)
Friend – friendship
(prieten – prietenie)
To prove – proof
(a dovedi – dovadă)
To choose – choice
(a alege – alegere)
A. Fill in the blank with the correct noun that is derived from the words in italics.
1. The tried the murderer. His wife was at the __________.
2. Everybody wants to be happy, so we all seek ______________.
3. They decided this thing yesterday, so it’s their _____________.
4. You shouldn’t be so anxious. Why don’t you control your ___________
5. I refused their help and my ___________ is final.
6. Sue is absent again. I wonder how she will explain her __________ this time.
7. This thing happened to him when he was a child, this is in his _____________.
8. She is a very curious person. Her __________ is well-known.
9. Grannie will arrive at 10 o’clock and her ________ will be met by my brother.
10. The scientists have discovered a new type of fuel. Their _________ is extremely valuable.
11. You must try and be a little more efficient. When you improve your ________ you will be
better paid.
12. They agreed to meet again the next day. it was the first time for them to be all in
___________.
13. She tried to explain that thing to us, but her ___________ was naïve.
14. She always chooses the wrong man. Her most recent _________ was very bad.
15. I want to iron your shirt because it is full of creases after being in your suitcase. Where did
you pack the ________?
(Source 8 , p. 32)
B. Write the noun that can be derived from the following verbs and adjectives
1. to depart
5. to assist
9. to admit
13. to begin
17. to advertise
2. to accuse
6. absent
10. to combine
14. to confuse
18. to behave
3. to compare
7. to prescribe
11. to arrive
15. kind
19. to punish
4. to satisfy
8. to defend
12. free
16. to farm
20. to approve
C. Give nouns –
A) Corresponding to the following verbs:
1. to suggest
2. to refer
5 to recognize
6. to appoint
9. to copy
10. to practice
13. to invite
14. to stop
17. to develop
18. to add
3. to know
4. to inform
7. to serve
8. to fall
11. to doubt
12. to bake
15. to fail
16. to fear
19. to describe 20. to believe
B) Corresponding to the following adjectives:
1. different
2. difficult
3. interesting
5. scientific
6. exciting
7. poor
9. strong
10. warm
11. high
13. beautiful
14. curious
15. wide
17. real
18. desirable
19. responsible
4. national
8. political
12. blind
16. successful
20. young
D. Song Dictation and other Activities
What A Wonderful World
- by Louis Armstrong
I see _______ of green, red roses too
I see them bloom for ____ and _____
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
I see _____ of blue and _____ of white
The bright blessed ____, the dark sacred _____
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
The colors of the _______, so pretty in the sky
Are also on the faces of ______ going by
I see friends shaking _______, saying "How do you do?"
They're really saying "_________"
I hear _______ crying, I watch them grow
They'll learn much more than I'll ever know
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
Yes, I think to myself, what a wonderful world
What A Wonderful World Louis Armstrong
I see trees of green, red roses too
I see them bloom for me and you
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
I see skies of blue and clouds of white
The bright blessed day, the dark sacred night
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
The colours of the rainbow, so pretty in the sky
Are also on the faces of people going by
I see friends shakin' hands, sayin' "How do you do?"
They're really saying "I love you"
I hear babies cryin', I watch them grow
They'll learn much more than I'll ever know
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
Yes, I think to myself, what a wonderful world
Activities –
1. bolded words – turn into nouns using the four ways of noun derivation
2. find the compound noun in the lyrics
3. using some of the nouns from the spaces, make compound nouns
4. Talk about the world, their surroundings. What do they think about evolution, the Big Bang Theory,
and creation? Does this song influence their opinion or encourage you a certain way?
Lesson 3 – The Stars
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Plural Nouns (changed) / Wishes
 Theme: Stars
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Vocabulary Review - Fill in the blank with the correct vocabulary word:
1. People are not the __________ ___________. There are tall, short, fat, and thin people.
2. How much liquid do you think this bottle _______________?
3. Do you know the ____________ to the train station?
4. Small stars are called ___________ stars.
5. The lights are too _____________ in here. They’re hurting my eyes.
6. The lights are too ______________ in here. I can’t see the blackboard.
7. I hope to travel to all seven continents in my _________________.
8. The Earth has a ______________ of 8,000 miles.
9. The largest star in the universe has a diameter of ___________ ______________
_____________.
10. The __________ ___________ is made up of the sun, planets, moons, satellites, etc…
11. Our galaxy is called the ____________ _____________.
12. Old stars that are no longer bright are called ______________.
B. Wishing Upon a Star – Tell your students about the American tradition/superstition to wish
on a star. Teach them the famous children’s poem:
Starlight, Starbright
the first star I see tonight
I wish I may, I wish I might
have the wish I wish tonight
Then give each student a piece of paper in the shape of a star. Have them write a wish on the star
using the wish structure: I wish I (verb in past tense) Ex. I wish I could play the piano.
I wish I had a million dollars.
C. Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star – Teach your students the children’s song “Twinkle, Twinkle
Little Star” . You can give them a dictation, or have them sing the song, whatever you can think
of.
D. Stars! – Here are common American expressions that involve stars:
Oh, my stars! - astonishment
Reach for the stars – being ambitious
Seeing stars – getting knocked out/ in the head
Stars in one’s eyes – looking at the future with hope
Grammar
Explanation
a) Plural of a noun is usually: + s
a flower  some flowers
b) -ES after –S, -SH, -CH, -X
bus  buses
dish  dishes
church  churches
box boxes
c)Nouns ending in –O : +ES
hero  heroes
tomato  tomatoes
potato  potatoes
EXCEPTIONS:
piano  pianos radio  radios
photo  photos
d) (consonant) -y  -IES
baby  babies party  parties
BUT (vowel) –y  -S
day  days boy  boys
e) -F / -FE  -VES
shelf  shelves
knife  knives
wife  wives
f) Compound nouns that have a noun then a preposition, put the –s after the noun
brother–in–law  brothers-in-law
editor-in-chief  editors-in-chief
g) Nouns that are ALWAYS plural:
scissors
shorts
glasses
pajamas
trousers
pants
jeans
h) IRREGULAR PLURALS:
man  men
woman  women
child  children person  people
foot  feet
tooth  teeth
mouse  mice
goose  geese
sheep  sheep
fish  fish
deer  deer
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Make the following nouns plural:
1. flower
13. child
2. man
14. piano
3. watch
15. dictionary
4. country
16. leaf
5. knife
17. family
6. woman
18. city
7. mouse
19. sheep
8. fish
20. radio
9. potato
21. holiday
10. fox
22. tooth
11. wife
23. mother-in-law
12. deer
24. goose
B. Correct the following sentences:
1. I need a new jeans.
2. I have two brother and four sister.
3. She is married and she has three childs.
4. He put on his pajama and went to bed.
5. Most of my friend are student.
6. There were three persons in the car, two woman and a man.
7. There is potatos and tomatos on the table.
8. There is a sofa and two chair in their living room.
9. My foots are cold.
10. The gooses are in the field.
(Source 5 , p. 121 partial)
C. Make the following sentences plural:
1. The leaf fell from the tree.
2. The boy has a knife.
3. The foot of the deer crushed the flower.
4. The woman was carrying a baby.
5. The little child saw a sheep in the fields.
6. Our cat has just caught a mouse.
7. The man looked at the book on the shelf.
8. The man stole a watch and a radio.
9. The old man sold the cow and the goose.
10. The woman put a potato, a tomato, and a fish on the table.
11. My tooth hurts.
12. There is a person on the bus.
13. The man is wearing a pair of shorts and a pair of glasses.
14. The boy is going to a party.
15. There is a box with a mouse in it on the table.
(Source 8 , p. 37 partial)
D. Fill in the blank with the plural form of the appropriate noun
1. There are thirty-one __________ in January.
2. Poland, Denmark, and Switzerland are three European __________.
3. The group consisted of two _________ and five men.
4. John’s favorite __________ are fishing and camping.
5. Chips are fried slices of ___________.
6. Please put the forks, spoons, and _________ on the table.
7. I love to eat fresh _______ from the Black Sea.
8. My mother made fresh tomato sauce from the _________ in our garden.
9. The _________ ran out of the school when the bell rang.
10. You have five sisters! You must have a lot of ______________!
11. You should brush your _________ twice a day.
12. I saw ________ running in the forest.
13. I love the _________ you are wearing. Where can I buy a pair?
14. I have been walking all day. My ________ hurt.
15. How many _______ of chocolates would you like?
(Source 8 , p. 36 – 37)
E. Change the underlined words to the plural:
Ex. He is here.  They are here.
1. The boy is a student.
2. She is from Europe.
3. The man is a doctor.
4. The woman is from Russia.
5. The child is very beautiful.
6. I am a teacher.
7. The goose is laying an egg.
8. The piano is black.
9. The book is interesting.
10. He is an American.
11. The new radio is here.
12. There is a mouse in the house!
(Source 1, p. 22-23)
F. Write the plural form:
Ex. the red book  the red books
1. the tall boy
2. a happy girl
3. an interesting story
4. a good radio
5. the red car
6. a short man
(Source 1, p. 22)
7. the small child
8. a big family
9. a new dress
10. a black sheep
11. a pair of jeans
12. a large foot
G. Rewrite the following sentences in the plural
1. This is a box.
2. That is a lorry.
3. Where is the knife?
4. Is it your watch?
5. This is a new house.
6. That is an old chimney.
7. That isn’t my dress.
8. That is a shoe.
9. Who is this man?
10. He is a farmer and this is his wife.
11. That is a row of people.
12. Is it a new bridge?
13. There is a match in the box.
14. There is no child in their family.
15. Is there a dictionary on his desk?
16. Is there a desk in that room?
17. The face of that woman is attractive.
18. The house isn’t large but it’s comfortable.
19. Who is that person?
20. Which book is yours?
(Source 7 , p. 271)
H. Rewrite the following sentences in the singular
1. Balls are round.
2. Houses have roofs.
3. These are phonemes.
4. Foxes are animals.
5. Roses are beautiful flowers.
6. Watches are small clocks.
7. Dogs have tails.
8. Those boys are good friends.
9. These are simple sentences.
10. These aren’t boxes.
(Source 7 , p. 272)
11. The children are at school.
12. These are my notebooks.
13. My friends want to study German.
14. His brothers work hard all day.
15. Housewives have to work very hard.
16. Children receive a lot of pleasure from this game.
17. They live in small houses.
18. The postmen bring letters three times a day.
19. The boys wake up at six.
20. There are some pictures on the walls.
Lesson 4 – Wanderers Among the Stars
 Vocabulary : Planets
 Grammar: Homonyms
 Theme: Solar System
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
Planets:
A. Planet Information – As a review of the qualities of the planets: put 2-3 characteristics of
each planet on a piece of paper. Hand them and have the students identify the planet and then put
them in the correct order on the board.
(Here are the characteristics I use:
Mercury:
 is closest to the sun
 has very little atmosphere and no water
 is covered in mountains and craters
Venus:
 is almost the equal size to the Earth
 is completely covered by clouds
 is one of the brightest objects in the sky
Earth:
 three-quarters of it is covered by ocean
 has a dense atmospheres of nitrogen and oxygen
 known as the “blue” planet
Mars:
 is a small, reddish planet
 has mountains, valleys, craters, and volcanoes
 has two satellites; Phobos and Deimos
Jupiter:
 has a giant red spot
 largest planet in the solar system
 has colored bands
Saturn:
 is circled by a system of broad, flat rings
 is made of frozen gases
 has at least 18 satellites
Uranus:
 appears to be green
 consists almost entirely of hydrogen and helium
 has a faint ring system
Neptune:
 a pale blue planet
 one o the four largest planets in our system
Pluto:
 is a cold, dark planet
 appears to be covered in ice
 is smaller than the earth’s moon
Moon:
A. Moon Information – Read the info box on p. 19. Then share some more interesting facts
about the moon.
(Here are some facts that I use:
 The moon is not really round, it is egg-shaped with the large part towards the Earth
 12 men have walked on the moon
 Only 59% of the moon is visible to us on the Earth
 The footprints of the astronauts who have walked on the moon will not erode because
there is no wind or water on the moon. They will last at least 10 million years!
 Flying around the moon is the same distance as a round trip from New York to London
and back
 February 1971, an astronaut struck two golf balls off the moon. One ball traveled 50 ft
(15 meters)!
 Did you know that you are taller in space than you are on Earth? You can grow up to 2
inches in space!
How to calculate your space height:
Earth height x .03 then add that to your Earth height. That is how tall you would
be in space!
B. NASA Game – Put the students into groups. Read or summarize the following scenario to
your students:
You are one of the crew on board a spaceship to rendezvous with the mother ship on the lighted
side of the moon. Mechancial difficulties, however, have forced your ship to crash-land at a spot
some 300 kilometers from the rendezvous point. The rough landing has damaged much of the
equipment aboard. Your survival depends on reaching the mother ship, and you have to choose
the most essential items for the 300 km. trip. The 15 items left intact after landing are listed
below. Your task is to rank them in order of their importance to your crew in your attempt to
reach the rendezvous point. Write number 1 for the most important item, number 2 for the
second most important item, and so on through to number 15.
Items:
a box of matches
concentrated food
20 meters of nylon rope
parachute silk
portable heating unit
two .45 calibre pistols
one case of tins of dried milk
two 50 kilo tanks of oxygen
star map
life raft
magnetic compass
20 liters of water
signal flares
first-aid kit
solar-powered FM receiver/transmitter
Have each group rank their 15 items and then have them share their lists. Then give them the
suggested list, sharing the reasons why some things are useless on the moon due to its
atmosphere. (Note that the moon has no atmosphere, so it is impossible to make fire or to
transmit sound signals; the moon has no magnetic poles)
Solution:
1. oxygen
2. water
3. map
4. food
5. receiver/transmitter
6. rope
7. first-aid kit
8. parachute silk
9. life raft
10. signal flares
11. pistols
12. dried milk
13. heating unit
14. magnetic compass
15. box of matches
(Source 21 , p. 64)
Grammar – Homonyms
Example Homonyms:
ant, aunt
furnică, matuşă
ate, eight
mîncat, opt
right, write
drept, a scrie
flour, flower
faină, floare
hear, here
a auzi, aici
no, know
nu, a ştii
male, mail
bărbat, poştă
pale, pail
palid (deschis “culori”), găleată
air, heir
aer, moştenitor
night, knight noapte, cavaler
son, sun
fiu, soare
there, their
acolo, lor
new, knew
noi, a ştiut
red, read (past tense) roşu, a citit
bear, bare
urs, gol
I, eye
eu, ochi
plane, plain avion, simplu
see, sea
a vedea, mare
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Homonym Search – There are 16 words in the text that are homonyms with another word.
Have the students find all 16. (answer: sun, to , airless, one, our, you, see, which, made, blue,
red, rings, be, by, pale, four) Maybe give the student who found the most a prize (it is actually
kind of hard for them – but it gets them to go through the text many times!)
B. Homonym Match – Give each student a slip of paper with a homonym on it. The students
then have to find their pair (ex. one student has ‘sun’ and another student has ‘son’ and they must
find each other). Then they must write a sentence for each word to show the difference of the
meaning of each word.
UNIT 2
The Mysterious
Animal Kingdom
Lesson 1 – Adaptation for Survival
 Vocabulary : Animals
 Grammar: None
 Theme: Animals
Suggested Vocabulary:
Animals:
rabbit: iepure
zebra: zebră
giraffe: girafă
hippopotamus: hipopotam
rhinoceros: rinocer
beaver: castor
skunk: sconces
monkey: maimuţă
goose: gîscă
gorilla: gorilă
camel: cămilă
squirrel: veveriţă
turtle: broască ţestoasă
sheep: oaie
mouse: şoarece
bee: albină
fly: muscă
butterfly: fluture
hen: găină
dolphin: delfin
whale: balenă
shark: rechin
deer: cerb
moose: elan
fox: vulpe
wolf : lup
Animal Irregular Plurals:
fly – flies
butterfly – butterflies
goose – geese
moose – moose
deer – deer
fish – fish
sheep – sheep
fox – foxes
wolf - wolves
Animal Vocabularywing – aripă
tail – coadă
fur – blană
feather – pană
scale – solz
horn – corn
fin – înotătoare
claw – gheară
snout – rît
beak – cioc, plisc
trunk – trompă
antler – corn de cerb / elan
paw - labă
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Acrostic Poem – Have your students write acrostic poems using the names of different
animals.
Example:
Bears live in the forest and
Eat fish and honey.
Animals are scared of them because
Rarely are they ever nice.
B. Zoo (song) – Teach your students this song to help them memorize the vocabulary
(to the tune of "Skip to My Lou")
Chorus
Zoo, zoo, who's in the zoo?
Zoo, zoo, who's in the zoo?
Zoo, zoo, who's in the zoo?
Who's in the zoo to visit?
Monkeys swinging on a tree,
Sheep and lions grazing free,
Tall giraffes, a sight to see!
All in the zoo to visit.
Chorus
Deer with antlers on their head,
Hippos waiting to be fed,
Peacocks with their feathers spread,
All in the zoo to visit.
Chorus
Polar bears all getting wet,
Baby goats that I can pet,
Elephants I won't forget,
All in the zoo to visit.
Chorus
C. 20 Questions – One person thinks of an animal and keeps it to her/himself. The rest of the
students then have to ask yes/no questions to find out which animal they are. They have only 20
questions to figure out what the secret is. Whoever figures out which animal, they become the
next person to answer questions. Encourage them to use vocabulary (Ex. “Do you have fur?”
“Do you live in the forest?” “Are you a carnivore?”, “Are you brown?” etc…)
D. Description – Give each student an animal. Have them describe their animal in detail. Where
do they live? What do they look like? What do they eat? etc…Do this in written format or orally.
E. Pictionary – Split your students into two teams. Ask one person from each team to come to
the board. Show them a name of an animal. They must quickly draw the animal. The first team to
guess which animal they are drawing gets a point. Then the drawers switch and the game
continues.
F. Who am I? - Before class write different animals on strips of paper. Then tape an animal on
each student’s back without them seeing the animal. They all have to ask each other yes/no
questions about their animal (ex. Do I live in a forest? Can I fly? Am I a bird? etc…) They can
ask one question per student and then they have to guess what animal is on their back.
G. Compare and Contrast - Have your students compare two different animals using a Venn
Diagram. You could also have them compare an animal and a human.
H. Discussion Questions –
 Do you like animals?
 What is your favorite animal?
 What animals are there in your country?
 What animals have disappeared from your country?
 Are there any dangerous animals in your country?
 What is the cutest animal in the world?
 What animal would you like to come back to Earth as after you die?
 What natural animal ability or talent would you like to have?
 What is the most useful animal in the world?
 What animal best represents your character?
 What are the biggest differences between animals and humans?
 What animal are you most fascinated by?
 What animal do you least like?
 Do you consider yourself an animal lover?
 Have you ever been to a zoo? What animals did you see there?
 If you could be an animal, what would you (choose to) be? Why?
 What animal do you think is the funniest?
 What animal do you think is the strangest-looking?
 What animals are symbols of your country?
 What animals are you afraid of? (...scared of?)
 What animals do you think are cute?
 What animal do you think is the cutest?
 What animals do you think are scary?
 What animals do you think are ugly?
 What animals do you think is the most dangerous?
 What is the largest animal you have ever seen?
(Source 10 , 19)
I. Text – Here is a text that has some interesting facts about animals. It uses some vocabulary
and is much more interesting than the text in the book.
Interesting Animal Facts
FISH: A goldfish has a memory span of 3 seconds.
DOLPHINS: Dolphins sleep with one eye open.
COWS: Bulls (male cows) are color blind. A cow’s only sweat glands are in its nose. Most cows
give more milk when they listen to music. A cow produces 200 times more gas a day than a
person. It is possible to lead a cow upstairs but not downstairs.
ELEPHANTS: An elephant can be pregnant for up to 2 years. Elephants are the only animals
that can't jump. CHICKENS: Chickens can't swallow while they are upside down. There are
more chickens than people in the world.
The longest recorded flight of a chicken is 13 seconds. The typical hen lays 228 eggs a year.
PIGS: Pigs can cover a 1.6 km in 7.5 minutes when running at top speed. It is physically
impossible for pigs to look up into the sky. A pig has approximately 15,000 taste buds, which is
more than any other mammal, including humans.
GIRAFFES: The giraffe has the highest blood pressure of any animal. Giraffes have no vocal
cords.
BEES: Honeybees have hair on their eyes. Bees have five eyes. There are 3 small eyes on the top
of a bee's head and 2 larger ones in front. A bee must visit 4,000 flowers in order to make one
tablespoon of honey.
HIPPOPOTAMUS: A hippo can run faster than man. The hippopotamus has skin 3.81
centimeters thick - so solid that most bullets cannot penetrate it. Hippos are too heavy to swim.
LIONS: Some lions can mate over 50 times a day. The lion's roar can be heard up to 8 kilometers
away.
RHINOCEROSES: A rhinoceros's horn is made of hair.
CAMELS: Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand.
BEARS: A full-grown bear can run as fast as a horse.
WHALES: Blue Whales weigh as much as 30 elephants and are as long as three Greyhound
buses.
BUTTERFLIES: Butterflies taste with their hind feet.
BIRDS: Birds do not sleep in their nests. They may occasionally nap in them, but they actually
sleep in other places.
Over 10,000 birds a year die from smashing into windows.
ZEBRAS: No two zebras have the same markings. In the wild, zebras live about 20-30 years; up
to 40 years at zoos.
Zebras can't see the color orange.
Lesson 2 – Our Trustworthy Friends
 Vocabulary : Animal Sounds
 Grammar: None
 Theme: Animals
Suggested Vocabulary
Animal Sounds:
cat  meow
cow  moo
dog  bark
lion  roar
goose  honk
frog  croak, rippet
mouse  squeak
bee  buzz
horse  neigh
rooster  cock-a-doodle-doo
pig  oink
duck  quack
sheep  baa
bird  tweet tweet
Lesson 3 – Taking Care of Baby Animals
 Vocabulary : Baby Animals
 Grammar: The Conditional
 Theme: Taking Care of Pets
Suggested Vocabulary
rabbit  bunny
cow  calf
horse  foal
bear  cub
duck  duckling
deer  fawn
goat  kid
sheep  lamb
cat  kitten
dog  puppy
pig  piglet
chicken  chick
lion / tiger  cub
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Discussion Questions –
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Do you think animals would rather not be kept as pets?
Are your pet(s) healthy?
Do you ever talk to your pet? If so, what do you say?
Do you have any pets?
o If not, would you like to have a pet?
o Have you ever had a pet?
Do you know anyone who keeps their dog in their house?
Do you know someone who owns an unusual pet?
Do you love your pet?
Do you prefer dogs or cats?
Do you talk to your pet sometimes?
Do your pets have special behavior problems?
o How do you deal with those problems?
How many pets have you had?
How many pets have you raised and what are they?
How much does it cost to keep your pet?
If you don't keep pets, please explain why?
What animal do you think makes the best pet? Why?
What are the most popular pets in your country?
What are the pros and cons of keeping a pet?
o (Why are there so many people who are willing to sacrifice their time and money
to raise a pet?)
What can children learn by having a pet?
What is the difference between a pet and a wild animal?
What is your favorite animal?
o Why is it your favorite animal?
o Would you like keep it as your pet, why or why not?
What joy does your pet bring you?
o Are you the one who takes care of it every day?
o How do you take care of it? If you don't take care of it, who does?
What kind of master would you like to have if you were a pet?
What kind of pet would you like to have in the future?
Why do people have pets? / Why do people keep pets?
Why do some people not like pets?
Would you recommend that others keep pets similar to yours?
(Source 10 , 19)
Grammar - Conditional
Explanation
Type 1 : Real/Probable Condition
If x happens, then y will happen.
If – clause
Main clause
Present Simple
Future
Ex. Mary will buy that book if she finds it.
Maria va cumpăra cartea aceea dacă o va găsi.
Ex. If it is sunny tomorrow, we will eat in the garden.
If we go to the zoo, we will see elephants.
If she goes to China, she will have to learn Chinese.
Exercises for class:
If it rains tomorrow…
If it is sunny tomorrow…
If it is cold tomorrow…
If I have enough money…
If I get a 10 on my test…
Type 2: Unreal Conditions referring to the present
If x happened, y would happen
If – clause
Past
Main clause
would + infinitive
Ex. I would go to the mountains, if the weather were fine.
(Aş merge la munte, dacă ar fi timp frumos.)
I wouldn’t study if I didn’t feel the necessity.
(N-aş învaţa, dacă n-aş simţi necesitatea.)
Ex. If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.
If you were the President, what would you do?
If I had a pet, I would have a monkey.
Exercises for class:
If I had a million dollars…
If I had four arms…
If I were taller…
If I taught this class…
If I knew everything…
Type 3: Unreal Conditions referring to the past
If x had happened, y would have happened.
If- clause
Past Perfect
Main clause
would + perfect infinitive
Ex. I would have gone to the mountains, if the weather had been fine.
(Aş fi mers la munte, dacă ar fi fost timp frumos.)
I wouldn’t have studied if I hadn’t felt the necessity.
(N-aş fi învaţat, dacă n-aş simţi necesitatea.)
Ex. If you had given the right answer, you would have got a ten.
If the weather had been better, we would have gone to the sea.
If you had asked me, I would have helped you.
If she hadn’t gone skiing, she wouldn’t have broken her leg.
If he had studied harder, he would have gotten a ten.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Put the verb into the correct first conditional form:
1. If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the cinema.
2. If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.
3. If we ________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we ___________ (see) each other next week.
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised.
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late.
6. If we ________________ (go) on holiday this summer, we _______________ (go) to Spain.
7. If the weather ________________ (not / improve), we _____________ (not / have) a picnic.
8. If I __________________ (watch) TV later, I __________________ (watch) a film.
9. If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I __________________ (be) tired tomorrow.
10. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we __________________ (feel) sick.
11. If she __________________ (drink) too much, she __________________ (get) a red face.
12. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I _____________ (cook) dinner at home.
13. I __________________ (come) early if you __________________ (want).
14. She __________________ (go) to the cinema if there _______________ (be) a good film on.
15. We __________________ (not / have) a picnic if it __________________ (rain).
(Source 14)
B. Put the verb into the correct second conditional form:
1. If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________ (get) a new job.
2. If he _________________ (be) younger, he _________________ (travel) more.
3. If we _________________ (not / be) friends, I _________________ (be) angry with you.
4. If I _________________ (have) enough money, I _________________ (buy) a big house.
5. If she _________________ (not / be) always so late, she _________________ (be) promoted.
6. If we _________________ (win) the lottery, we _________________ (travel) the world.
7. If you ______________ (have) a better job, we ________________ (be) able to buy a new car
8. If I _________________ (speak) perfect English, I _________________ (have) a good job.
9. If we _________________ (live) in Mexico, I _________________ (speak) Spanish.
10. If I _________________ (be) a child, I _________________ (enjoy) snowy weather.
11. If she _____________ (pass) the exam, she _______________ (be) able to enter university.
12. If he _________________ (not / be) a lawyer, he _________________ (be) an accountant.
13. She _________________ (be) happier if she _________________ (have) more friends.
14. We _________________ (buy) a house if we _________________ (decide) to stay here.
15. They _____________ (have) more money if they ____________ (not / buy) so many clothes.
(Source 14)
C. Put the verb into the correct third conditional form:
1. If you ______________ (not / be) late, we ______________ (not / miss) the bus.
2. If she ______________ (study), she ______________ (pass) the exam.
3. If we ______________ (arrive) earlier, we ______________ (see) John.
4. If they ______________ (go) to bed early, they ______________ (not / wake) up late.
5. If we ______________ (not / drink) so much, we ______________ (not / have) a headache.
6. If he ______________ (become) a musician, he ______________ (record) a CD.
7. If she ______________ (go) to art school, she ______________ (become) a painter.
8. If I ________ (be) born in a different country, I _______ (learn) to speak a different language.
9. If she ______________ (go) to university, she ______________ (study) French.
10. If we ______________ (not / go) to the party, we ______________ (not / meet) them.
11. If she ______________ (meet) me earlier, she ______________ (not / marry) him.
12. If he ______________ (take) the job, he ______________ (not / go) travelling.
13. He ______________ (be) happier if he ______________ (stay) at home.
14. She ______________ (pass) the exam if she ______________ (study) harder.
15. We ___________ (not / get) married if we ______________ (not / go) to the same university.
(Source 14)
D. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense of the verb in the brackets
1. She will catch the train if she ________. (to hurry)
2. If you _______ this book, you will like it. (to read)
3. The man would have died if the doctor ___________ in time. (not to arrive)
4. Your mother ______ you if you asked her. (to help)
5. We would understand her much better if she _____ more slowly. (to speak)
6. If William ______ hard, he will pass the exam. (to work)
7. If you had come to the party, you ______ a very good time. (to have)
8. Mary would play the piano much better if she ______ everyday. (to practice)
9. If I had an elephant, I _______ a bigger house. (to need)
10. If I _______ a bird, I would be able to fly. (to be)
11. If it rains tomorrow, we _________ the party inside. (to have)
12. If I ______ free tomorrow evening, I will come to your house. (to be)
13. If I had gone to the university, I _______ medicine. (to study)
14. If he _______ so much, he would have more money. (not to travel)
15. I _______ a car if I had enough money. (to buy)
(Source 8 , p. 112 -114
E. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense of the verb in the brackets
1. If I was offered the job, I think I _______ (take) it.
2. If I sold my car, I _______ (get) a lot of money for it.
3. If I drink coffee in the morning, I _____ (feel) sick.
4. If I _____ (have) the time, I would help you.
5. If she ______ (try) harder, she would have succeeded.
6. If he'd studied at a good college, he ______ (get) a better grade.
7. If I see her this afternoon, I ____ (tell) her to call you.
8. If I ___ (be) you, I'd tell him what happened.
9. If you ____ (be) there, what would you have done?
10. My friend usually walks to school if he _______ (have) enough time.
11. If the movie ________ (start) at eight, we will be late!
12. The class will have a party if the students all _______ (pass) their tests.
13. If there _______ (be) milk in the refrigerator, I'll have milk with my cake.
14. If my sister ________ (eat) all of the cake, I will get angry.
15. If the pizza ________ (not come) soon, we can eat a sandwich instead.
16. If there ______(not be) any milk in the refrigerator, I'll go to the supermarket.
17. If it ________ (not snow) tomorrow, we can't go skiing.
18. My dad will paint the garage if it _________(not rain) on Saturday.
19. If we _________ (not go) to work, we won't get paid.
F. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense of the verb in the brackets
1. If she __________________ (drink) so much last night, she would not have had such an awful
headache this morning.
2. If I __________________ (do)my homework, my parents will be angry.
3. If you loved your dog, you __________________ (take) better care of it.
4. I will talk to you if I __________________ (have) time.
5. If I __________________ (go) in Hawaii, I would be swimming right now.
6. If I tell you the truth you __________________ (be) mad at me.
7. If I had taken German in high school, I _____________ (apply) for that job in Berlin last year.
8. If she wasn’t so pretty, boys __________________ (ask) her out all the time.
9. If I hadn’t come, I ____________________ (regret) it.
10. If I had more time, I __________________ (learn) French.
11. If I had known you were hungry, we __________________ (eat) at that diner.
12. If I see him, I __________________ (tell) him you’re looking for him.
13. If she had asked me in Spanish, I ____________________ (be) able to understand her.
14. Even if I __________________ (know) the answer, I wouldn’t tell you.
15. If my roommates _________________ (leave), I will be all alone.
16. If I __________________ (have) the money, I would lend it to you.
17. If you ________________(not call) me at work, you would not have been able to reach me.
18. If you ____________________ (not tell) her the truth, she will be very upset.
19. What __________________ (you / do) if you won the lottery?
20. If you keep saying these things, people __________________ (think) you are crazy.
21. If we __________________ (leave) now, we will be able to make the 6:00 PM show.
22. I __________________(forget) our anniversary if she hadn’t reminded me.
23. If he is late, we __________________ (start) eating without him.
24. I wouldn’t accept that job even if they __________________ (offer) me $50,000 a year.
25. If John ____________________ (have) more money, he would stay here longer.
G. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense of the verb in the brackets
1. If I ________ you, I would apologize to her right away. (to be)
2. If I run into her, I ________ her that you're looking for her. (to tell)
3. If you ________ that again, I will call the police. (to do)
4. He would never have asked her out on a date if she ________ him first. (not/to kiss)
5. If you were her, what ________? (to do)
6. If she hadn't gone to England, she ________ Orlando Bloom. (not/ to see)
7. If it doesn't start snowing, we ________ this evening. (not/to go skiing)
8. If you had saved some money earlier, you ________ poor right now. (not/ to be)
9. If I ________ at the airport so late, I would not have missed my flight. (not/to arrive)
10. If you buy one t-shirt, you ________ the second one free (to get).
H. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense of the verb in the brackets
1. If I lose my job, I ________ for a new one. (to look)
2. If she hadn't told me to stay, I ________. (to go)
3. She ________ to come to the party if she had known that her ex-boyfriend would be there.
(not/ to agree)
4. If you come tonight, I ________ enchiladas. (to make)
5. If I were him, I ________that job. (to take)
6. He will never speak to me again if he ________ what happened. (to find out)
7. Our cat ________ you if you rub her belly. (to bite)
8. I ________ you if I hadn't thought it was important. (not/to tell)
9. If I ________ you were coming, I would have prepared lunch. (to know)
10. If I were you, I ________ to the beach instead of going to work. (to go)
I. Complete the sentence with the correct conditional type:
1. If I could go back in time, _________________________
(Dacă aş putea da timpul inapoi _____________________)
2. If I knew that I only had one day to live, ____________________________
(Dacă aş şti că am doar o zi de trăit ________________________________)
3. If I could learn just one thing from someone, ___________________________
(Dacă aş putea să învaţ pe cineva doar un singur lucru ____________________)
4. If I could be a famous person in the world _____________________________
(Dacă aş putea fi o persoană renumită în lume __________________________)
5. If I could live anywhere in the world, _________________________________
(Dacă aş putea trăi oriunde în lume ___________________________________)
6. If I was the President, the first thing I _________________________________
(Dacă aş fi Preşedinte, primul lucru __________________________________)
7. The world would be better if people __________________________________
(Lumea ar fi mai bună, dacă oamenii _________________________________)
J. Translate – Conditional Type 1
1. Voi veni cu tine dacă voi fi liber mîine.
2. Nu îţi vei perfecţiona engleza dacă nu vei munci mai mult.
3. Dacă va fi frumos mîine, vom merge la plimbare în parc.
4. Supa va avea gust mai bun dacă vei adăuga puţină sare.
5. Dacă nu se va grăbi, nu va ajunge la timp la teatru.
6. Dacă va vrea să ne ajute, vom termina toată treaba în mai puţin de două ore.
7. Iţi va fi foarte recunoscător dacă îl vei ajuta.
8. Dacă obosim, ne vom aşeza.
9. Dacă îl cumperi, nu vei mai rămîne cu nici un ban.
10. Dacă nu ne trezim devreme, vom pierde autobuzul.
11. Nu vei găsi bilete dacă nu vei merge acolo înainte de ora patru.
12. Dacă mergi la universitate, va trebui să studiezi mult.
13. Dacă el o să vină la timp, o să ne viziteze.
14. Dacă el o să se simtă mai bine, o să vină la serviciu.
15. Dacă eu o să susţin cu succes examenul, părinţii mei se vor bucura.
16. Dacă mă voi întoarce la timp de la serviciu, o să plecăm la cinema.
17. Dacă mîine n-o să plouă, va trebui să udăm florile din grădina.
18. Dacă o să termin lucrul mai devreme, o să te pot vizita.
19. Dacă mîine timpul va fi bun, o să plecăm în afara oraşului.
20. El n-o să termine lucrul la timp, dacă n-o să lucreze sîrguincios.
Translations:
1. I will come with you tomorrow if I am free.
2. You won’t improve your English if you don’t work harder.
3. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a walk in the park.
4. The soup will taste better if you add a little salt.
5. If he doesn’t hurry, he will not get to the theatre in time.
6. If she wants to help us, we will finish all our work in less than two hours.
7. He will be very grateful to you if you help him.
8. If we get tired, we will sit down.
9. If you buy it, you won’t have any money left.
10. If we don’t get up early, we will miss the bus.
11. You won’t get tickets if you don’t go there before four o’clock.
12. If you go to the university, you will have to study a lot.
13. If he comes on time, he will visit us.
14. If he feels better, he will go to work..
15. If I pass my exam, my parents will be happy.
16. If I return from work on time, we will go to the cinema.
17. If it does not rain tomorrow, he will have to water the flowers in the garden.
18. If I finish work earlier, I will be able to visit you.
19. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will outside of the city.
20. He will not finish work on time, if he does not work diligently.
(Source 8 , p. 117 – 118 / Source 1 p. 477 – 479 / Source 7 p. 145 – 146)
K. Translate – Conditional Type 2
1. Ce ar face sora ta dacă nu ai aştepta-o la gară?
2. I-am fi foarte recunoscători dacă ar vrea să ne ajute.
3. Dacă n-ar fi cărţile, am fi cu toţii ignoranţi.
4. Sunt sigur că băieţii ar intra în livadă dacă n-ar fi cîinele acesta.
5. Aş bea-o dacă n-ar fi atît de rece.
6. Aş alege costumul acesta, dacă n-ar fi atît de strîmt.
7. Ce s-ar întîmpla dacă ei s-ar rătăci în pădure?
8. Dacă n-ar ploua acum, am merge la plimbare.
9. I-aş trimite o invitaţie dacă i-aş şti adresa.
10. Aş prepara cina, dacă ar fi gaz.
11. Aş fuma o ţigară, dacă aş avea chibrituri.
12. Aş citi-o dacă ar fi mai interesantă.
13. Aş dormi acum dacă voi n-aţi vorbi aşa tare.
14. Aş traduce-o dacă aş avea un dicţionar.
15. S-ar trezi dacă ai deschide uşa.
16. Dacă aş avea timp, m-aş putea duce acolo acum.
17. Dacă mîine ar fi duminică, ne-am duce la ţară.
18. Dacă ar fi aici, ar fi present mîine la întrunirea noastră.
19. Dacă aş avea mai mult timp, aş studia limba franceză.
20. Nu m-aş nelinişti dacă aş fi în locul vostru.
21. Dacă aş avea timp, te-aş vizita mai des.
22. Dacă ar fi aici, ne-ar povesti multe lucruri interesante.
23. Dacă aş avea timp, aş putea pleca acolo.
24. Dacă ar fi gata mîine, ar fi posibil să plece împreună.
25. Dacă ai fi mai atent, ai învăţa mai bine.
Translations:
1. What would your sister do if you didn’t wait for her at the station?
2. We would be very grateful to her if she helped us.
3. If it weren’t for books, we would all be ignorant.
4. I’m sure that the boys would enter the orchard if it weren’t for this dog.
5. I would drink it if it wasn’t so cold.
6. I would choose this suit if it wasn’t so tight.
7. What would happen if they got lost in the forest?
8. If it wasn’t raining now, we would go for a walk.
9. I would send him an invitation if I knew his address.
10. I would prepare dinner if there was gas.
11. I would smoke a cigarette if I had matches.
12. I would read it if it was more interesting.
13. I would be sleeping if you weren’t talking so loudly.
14. I would translate it if I had a dictionary.
15. He would wake up if you opened the door.
16. If I had time, I would go there now.
17. If tomorrow was Sunday, we would go to the countryside.
18. If he were here he would present at our conference tomorrow.
19. If I had more time I would study French.
20. I would not worry if I was in your place.
21. If I had more time I would visit you more often.
22. If he were here, he would tell us many interesting things.
23. If I had more time, I could go there.
24. If he was done tomorrow, it would be possible to leave together.
25. If you were more attentive, you would learn better.
(Source 8 , p. 117 – 118 / Source 1 p. 477 – 479 / Source 7 p. 145 – 146)
L. Translate – Conditional Type 3
1. Ce ai fi făcut dacă l-ai fi întîlnit?
2. Aş fi venit să te văd dacă aş fi avut timp.
3. Dacă vremea ar fi fost frumoasă, am fi mers în excursie la munte.
4. Ce ai fi făcut dacă ai fi fost în locul meu?
5. Dacă te-ar fi văzut, ţi-ar fi vorbit.
6. Ai fi prins trenul dacă ai fi luat un taxi.
7. Ar fi venit şi prietenii mei dacă ar fi avut mai mult timp liber.
8. Ar fi putut vorbi engleza mai bine dacă ar fi studiat mai mult.
9. Nu am fi mers la plimbare dacă nu s-ar fi oprit ploaia.
10. Dacă ai fi citit cartea cu atenţie, i-ai fi înţeles mesajul.
11. Dacă ar mai fi aşteptat puţin, m-ar fi găsit acasă.
12. Aş fi venit ieri dacă nu aş fi avut nimic de făcut.
13. Nu aş fi crezut că este posibil dacă nu aş fi văzut chiar eu accidentul.
14. Florile nu ar fi crescut dacă nu le-ai fi udat.
15. Dacă vremea ar fi fost bună, aş fi plecat luni.
1. What would you have done if you had met him?
2. I would have come to see you if I had had time.
3. If the weather had been fine, we would have gone on a trip to the mountains.
4. What would you have done if you had been in my place?
5. If he had seen you, he would have talked to you.
6. You would have caught the train if you had taken a taxi.
7. My friends would have come if they had had more spare time.
8. He could have spoken better English if he had studied more.
9. We wouldn’t have gone for a walk if the rain hadn’t stopped.
10. If you had read the book carefully, you would have understood its message.
11. If he had waited for me a little more, he would have found me at home.
12. I would have come yesterday if I had had nothing to do.
13. I wouldn’t have believed it was possible if I hadn’t seen the accident myself.
14. The flowers wouldn’t have risen if you hadn’t watered them.
15. If the weather had been better, I would have left on Monday.
(Source 2 , p. 208)
M. Activity Idea – This is a game designed to practice the form and use of the second
conditional and students' sense of the ridiculous! Split the class into groups and give each group
five or six slips of paper, each with the word 'If', a large space and a prewritten 'main clause'.
e.g. If_________________________________, I'd kill it!
If_________________________________, I'd jump with joy!! etc
Get the students to write the 'If' clause on each slip (they should try to make it as difficult and
ambiguous as possible for the other team). Then, the groups should cut the slips in half and
present them to the other group all mixed up. The students then try to reorder the other group's
conditionals, often with really funny results. Good examples (from my own groups) include...
If Ricky Martin asked me to dinner, I wouldn't pay.
If I won the lottery, I'd sell my story to the newspapers.
If I found the man of my dreams, I'd dance with joy.
If pigs flew, I'd get married.
You can see the confusion this can cause!! Perhaps give the group a keyword like 'cat', 'husband'
or a pop star to include in each phrase.
N. Activity Idea - With this activity you can practise any kind of conditional sentence,
depending on your students’ level. The teacher writes on the board the beginning of a conditional
sentence, i.e. "If I were rich,...", so the first student has to finish it. Then, the next classmate has
to begin a new sentence using the last part of his/her mate sentence. For example, if the first
pupil said: "If I were rich, I would go to London.", then the second one has to start by saying:"If
I went to London,...". Students link one sentence with another, making any necessary changes.
This exercise has both structuralist (students repeat the same pattern several times) and
communicative characteristics (they create new language), and most of the times, it is funny to
see the way students link their sentences.
O. Activity Idea - When you teach type 2 you can play it with your students and it is really fun.
Put the students into two groups.One group writes some funny sentences with 'If ...' part ,the
other group will write 'I would...' part. Ask students to fold their papers after writing their
sentences. (they write each sentence on different papers) Then pick one from ,'If' part and pick
the other one from 'I would ' part and form a funny sentence. (Warn your students to be quiet
when they are writing their sentences because otherwise the other group sometimes writes
sentences according to the other group's sentences, then it unfortunately turns out to be a boring
activity)
P. Activity Idea – To help practice vocabulary as well, have your students make animal
conditionals:
If I were a(n): Bird
Shark
Elephant
Zebra
Snake
Giraffe
Mouse
Ex. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky
I would have wings
I would have feathers etc..
Q. Discussion Questions –
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If you had only 24 hours to live, what would you do?
If someone's underwear was showing, would you tell them?
If one song were to describe your life, what song would it be?
If you could ask God any one question, what would it be?
If you could be a super-hero, which one would you be?
If you could be an animal, any animal, what animal would you be and why?
If you could be another person for a day, who would you be?
If you could be invisible for a day what would you do and why?
If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?
If you could change one thing in the world, what would it be?
If you could commit any crime and get away with it, what would you do?
If you could date a celebrity, who would you choose?
If you could have only one food for the rest of your life (assuming that this strange
situation would not affect your health), which food would you choose?
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If you could hear what someone is thinking for a day, who would you choose?
If you could live anywhere, where would you live?
If you could meet any famous person, dead or alive, who would it be and why?
If you could speak any other language (besides English) which language would you like
to speak?
If you could travel back in time, where would you go?
If you had an accident and you had to be at home to recover for a long time, what would
you do to relieve the boredom?
If you could have any car you wanted, which car would you choose? Would it be
practical or flashy?
If you could stop a bad habit that you have, what would you stop?
If you could only listen to one song for the rest of your life, which song would you
choose?
If only one book existed, which book would you like it to be?
If you could do any job, what would you like to do?
If you could move anywhere, where would you like to live?
If you had one wish, what would it be?
If you had the opportunity to be different, what would you change?
If you had to choose between love and no money or money and no love for the rest of
your life, which would you choose?
If you had to choose, would you give up your sight or your hearing?
If you were given a chance to go to the moon, would you go? Why or why not?
If you were given a choice between being given great wisdom or great wealth, which
would you choose?
If you were given an opportunity to be born again, in which country would you like to be
born?
If you were given an opportunity to be born again, what kind of person would you choose
to be?
If you were given one million dollars, what would you buy?
If you were going to a deserted island and could only take three things with you, what
would you take? Why?
if you were the leader of your country, what would you change?
If you were the President, what problem or concern would you work on first?
If you were told that you were going to die tomorrow, what would you do today?
If you woke up suddenly because your house was on fire, which three things would you
save as you ran outside?
Your doctor has just told you that you have a month to live, what would you do in that
stretch of time?
If you were a color, what color would you be and why?
If you were a fruit, what fruit would you be and why?
Lesson 4 – Animal Rights and Scientific Research
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the texts
 Grammar: None
 Theme: Animal Experimentation
Suggested Vocabulary:
Difficult words from the texts:
purpose – scop, menire
behavior – comportare, conduită
debatable – discutabil, contestabil
cruel – crud, feroce
exploitation – exploatare
to suffer – a suferi
suffering – suferinţă
torture – tortură
breed – a creşte, a se înmulţi
to expose – a expune
radiation – radiaţie
pain – durere
fear – frică, teamă
to save – a salva
research – cercetare
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Debate – Split the students into two groups. One group should be for animal experimentation
and the other group should be against animal experimentation. Have the two group debate animal
experimentation using the text as a reference.
B. Discussion Questions –
 Do you think it is necessary to experiment on animals to test cosmetics and drugs?
 Should animals be kept in zoos?
 What are the biggest differences between animals and humans?
 If animals could speak, what do you think they would say to humans?
 Are there animal rights groups where you live?
 Do you think it is acceptable to test cosmetics on animals?
o How do you feel about the use of animals for medical research?
 Do you think it is okay to eat meat? Is there any kind of meat you would not eat?
 Do you think it is right to keep wild animals in a zoo?
 Do you think it's okay to free animals that have been in captivity all their lives? Why or
why not?
 Do you think people should buy and wear fur coats?
 Some people think that people shouldn't wear animal furs. Do you agree? Why or why
not?
 Have you ever hurt an animal? Was it intentional or unintentional?
 Do you know any animals that you think are being treated badly or unfairly? If so, how
do you think you can help?
 What do you think would animals say about humans if they could make a documentary
movie about humans?
(Source 10 , 19)
UNIT 3
Health is
Above Wealth
Lesson 1 – Keeping Fit
 Vocabulary : Body Parts / Physical Fitness Verbs
 Grammar: Rules for Modal Verbs / Modal Verbs of Ability
 Theme: Body / Exercise
Suggested Vocabulary:
Body Parts:
head
neck
shoulder
arm
hand
elbow
chest
waist
leg
cheek
thigh
thumb
knee
foot
toes
fingers
back
ears
eyes
nose
chin
mouth
wrist
ankle
Physical Fitness Verbs:
to ride a bike
to hike
to dance
to ride a horse
to ski
to run
to skate
to snowboard
to surf
to swim
to walk
to lift weights
to play
to go fishing
Extended:
to jump
to exercise
to do push-ups
to do sit-ups
to do chin-ups
to play… baseball, football,
tennis, volleyball, golf,
basketball, American football
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Songs – Teach your students “Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes” (One idea for the "Heads
and Shoulders" song is to get the kids to write their own lyrics! Put them in groups and they have
to think of other body parts to use, for example "Hand, head, nose and leg" Each group then
performs their new version!) and “Hokey-Pokey” to help them remember the body parts
vocabulary. (It also helps them do physical fitness!)
B. Body Part Run – Split your students into two teams. Have each team make a line. Have one
student from each team stand about 3-4 meters away from their teams. The teacher will yell out a
body part and the first person in line must run down to their other teammate and touch the body
part that was said. The first team to get it right, gets a point. That person then goes to the end of
the line and the next two players must listen to the teacher for the next body part.
C. Where’s Your Knee? - Split your students into two teams. Have each team make a line. The
teacher will yell out a body part and the first person in each line must point to the body part that
was said. The first person who points to the correct body part gets a point. They then move to the
back of the line and the game continues for the next two players.
D. Body Part Match Up – Split your students into pairs. Have them stand together in pairs but
spread out throughout the room. Call out two body parts. The two people in each pair must make
those two body parts that were said to touch. For example, if the teacher says ‘nose’ and ‘finger’
one person must put their finger on their partner’s nose so that their nose and finger are touching.
Award a point for the fastest pair.
E. Discussion Questions –
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What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘exercise’?
Why is exercise so important?
What kind of exercise do you think is best?
Do you wish you could exercise more?
Why do many people not exercise?
Do you think it’s easy or difficult to find time to exercise during the day?
Do you think people who exercise are happier than those who don’t?
Do you think there should be a law that requires everyone to exercise?
Is it more fun to exercise alone or with other people?
Do you like to exercise?
Who do you know who exercises a lot?
What are the bad things about exercise?
Which exercise would you prefer: jogging, swimming or cycling?
How can you adapt the everyday things you do to increase your level of exercise?
Do you think exercising makes your brain work better?
If exercise makes you live a lot longer, why do so many people not bother to do it?
(Source 19)
Grammar – Modal Verbs
The Rules for Modal Verbs
• they are usually followed by an infinitive without to
You should thank him
He can swim
You should to thank him.
• there is no ‘s’ for the third person singular
he must, she must, it must
• they have no infinitive or -ing form
I would like to can go.
• they cannot follow another verb.
I want to can sleep tonight.
• they are not used in future, perfect or continuous tenses
they will might be angry.
they have must leave.
they are canning to speak English.
Modal Verbs of Ability
EXAMPLES:
CAN
- something is possible or someone has
the ability to do something
BE ABLE TO
- instead of can
(can only has 2 forms; present and past
so “be able to” must be used for the rest of
the verb tenses)
COULD
-past tense of can
WAS ABLE TO
- is used to express ability in the past
for either single or repeated actions.
I can run fast.
Elena can speak 3 languages.
I can’t swim.
I want to be able to speak 5 languages.
I haven’t been able to sleep recently.
I won’t be able to go to the party.
When I was a child, I could run fast.
Bill and Jerry couldn’t come to the party.
I was able to play football last night
yesterday because I had plenty of time.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Make questions with can
Example – ‘Mary is ten months old now.’ (walk) ‘Can she walk?’
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
‘John is starting the violin.’ (what/play)
‘My brother wants to work in a restaurant.’ (cook)
‘My daughter’s going to Spain.’ (speak Spanish)
‘Bill and Lisa want to buy a house.’ (how much/pay)
‘Can I help in any way?’ (drive a bus)
‘Some colors look bad on me.’ (wear red)
‘Ann and I have got a lovely hotel room.’ (see the sea)
‘I want to learn the piano.’ (read music)
‘My brother is looking for a job.’ (what/do)
(Source 3 , p. 78)
B. Practice Sentences – Use can or can’t + one of these verbs:
come
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
find
hear
see
speak
I’m sorry, but we ____________ to your party next Saturday.
She got the job because she ______________ five languages.
You are speaking very quietly, I _______________ you.
Have you seen my bag? I _____________it.
I like this hotel room. You ________________ the mountains from the window.
(Source 5 , p. 51)
C. Practice Sentences – Use can’t or couldn’t + one of these verbs:
eat
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
go
see
sleep
understand
go
I was tired but I ____________________.
She spoke very quickly. I _________________ her.
His eyes are not very good. He _______________ very well.
I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I _______________ my dinner.
He _______________ to the concert next Saturday. He’s working.
He _______________ to the meeting last week. He was ill.
(Source 5 , p. 51)
D. Activity Idea – (use vocabulary) Write three things that you can do, and three things that
you can’t do. Share with the class.
E. Fill in the blank with can (not), could (not), be able to
1. Tom ______ drive but doesn’t have a car.
2. I can’t understand Martin. I have never _______ understand him.
3. He can’t play tennis very well now but he ________ play quite well when he was younger.
4. Ask Ann about your problem. She should ________ to help you.
5. My grandmother loved music. She _______ play very well.
6. You are speaking very quietly. I _____ hear you.
7. She got the job because she ______ speak five languages.
8. I like this hotel room. You ______ see the mountains from the window.
9. He hurt his leg, so he ______ walk very well.
10. I can’t swim very far now, but when I was younger I ______ swim for a long time.
F. Fill in the blank with can (not) , could (not), or be able to
1. No more for me thanks, I ______________ eat another thing.
2. I ____________ open the drawer in my desk because it was stuck.
3. You ________________ make an omelet without breaking eggs.
4. Mr. Marshall is busy this week, but he ____________ see you next week.
5. We told him he _______________ leave whenever he wanted to.
6. I will get a car as soon as I __________ drive.
7. Interpreters _____________ translate without thinking.
8. Angela ____________ speak French when she was four but she ___________do it now.
9. You ___________ play in the garden but you ___________ play in the street.
10. John _______________ play football with us last Saturday because he had to work.
(Source 1 , p. 494)
G. Translate:
1. N-am putut merge la cinema ieri fiindcă a trebuit să-l ajut pe tata. (PAST)
2 Ea niciodată nu poate veni la timp.
3. Ei au fost fericiţi că au putut să-şi ajute prietenii. (PAST)
4. O poţi ajuta? – Da, pot.
5. Eu nu pot privi televizorul seara, am prea multe de făcut.
6. Ce pot spune? Regulile trebuiesc respectate.
7. Din fericire, oamenii au putut să evite catastrofa. (PAST)
8. Fratele meu nu poate vorbi în engleză.
9. Sora mea poate vorbi germana.
10. De aici poţi vedea totul.
Translations:
1. I couldn’t go to the cinema because I had to help father. (PAST)
2. She can never come on time.
3. They were happy that they could help their friends. (PAST)
4. Can you help her? Yes, I can.
5. I can not watch television this evening, I have too much to do.
6. What can I say? Rules have to be respected.
7. Luckily, the people were able to avoid catastrophe. (PAST)
8. My brother can not speak English.
9. My sister can speak German.
10. From here you can see everything.
(Source 1 , 7 , 8)
Lesson 2 – Injuries and Diseases
 Vocabulary : Illness / Injuries
 Grammar: Degrees of Certainty
 Theme: Illness
Suggested Vocabulary List:
Illness:
earache
sore throat
toothache
headache
backache
stomachache
runny nose
fever
to sneeze
to cough
to vomit
to be sick / ill
to get sick
Vocabulary (with definitions) (from text)
sting – if an insect brushes against the skin or makes a small hole under the skin OR to cause
sharp but usually temporary pain (ex. my eyes sting)
cut – to break the surface of the skin by a knife or other sharp objects.
swelling – a part of your body that has become bigger because of illness or injury
bruise – an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in color, often as a
result of being hit.
prick – to make a small hole in the skin
graze – to break the surface of the skin by rubbing against something rough
scar – a mark left on part of the body after an injury has healed
bump – a round, raised area on the surface of the skin or body
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Discussion Questions –
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Are you afraid of needles?
Are you healthy?
How have you been feeling lately?
How would you recommend treating a cold?
How often do you get sick in one year?
What are some things people can do to keep healthy?
How often do you go to the doctor's?
Do you bruise easily?
Do you catch a cold more than once a year?
Are your parents healthy?
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Do you ever get headaches? Do you know anyone who suffers from migraine headaches?
Do you go for regular medical check-ups?
Do you go to the dentist's twice a year?
Do you normally go one doctor in particular or any available doctor?
Do you have any allergies?
Do you have any scars?
Do you know anyone who suffers from backaches?
Do you take medicine when you are sick?
Do you take vitamins?
Have you ever broken a bone?
Have you ever burned yourself with hot water?
Have you ever gotten a black eye?
Have you ever had stitches?
Have you ever sprained your ankle?
What disease frightens you the most? Why?
What do you think is the most serious health problem in Moldova?
When was the last time you went to a dentist?
When was the last time you went to a doctor?
When was the last time you went to a hospital?
When was the last time you were sick?
(Source 10)
Grammar – Degrees of Certainty (Modal Verbs of Possibility, Probability)
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Why isn’t John in class?
Sam doesn’t want anything to eat. Why?
100%
He is sick.
Sam isn’t hungry.
99%
--------
Sam couldn’t be hungry.
Sam can’t be hungry.
95%
He must be sick.
Sam must not be hungry.
50%
He may be sick.
He might be sick.
He could be sick.
Sam may not be hungry.
Sam might not be hungry.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Answer the questions using modal verbs to show your certainty
Right now…
1. Where is your father?
2. Where is your mother?
3. What is your sister doing?
4. Where is your best friend?
B. Fill in the blank with a modal verb of probability
1. They ______ be on vacation but I am not sure.
2. He _______ be French, judging by his accent.
3. With luck, it _____ be sunny tomorrow.
4. I ______ go to the party tomorrow but I’m not sure yet.
5. She has been studying for weeks. She _____ be exhausted.
6. Nobody is answering. They _____ ____ be at home.
7. He ____ be from the USA. He doesn’t speak English.
8. Take an umbrella with you. It looks like it ______ rain.
C. What are you doing tomorrow? Write true sentences about yourself.
Use: I’m (not) –ing or I’m (not) going to…or I may… or I might…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(watch television)
(write a letter)
(get up early)
(take a bath or shower)
(buy bread from the store)
(play ping pong)
(Source 5 , p. 53)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
(make a telephone call)
(go to the bar)
(go to bed late)
(eat breakfast)
(brush my teeth)
(go to school)
D. Answer the questions using may or might
1. Where are you going for your winter vacation this year?
2. Where are you going tonight?
3. When will you see your parents again?
4. What are you going to do this weekend?
5. When are you going to call your best friend?
6. What are you going to eat for dinner tonight?
7. When will you go to bed tonight?
8. When will you do your homework?
9. What will you do next summer?
10. What will you do after you graduate?
E. What do you think these people are doing?
Ex. John is under his car. He must be repairing it.
1. Professor Martin is in a classroom.
2. Jane is in the pub.
3. Peter’s sitting at his desk.
4. Mr. Brown is in the theatre.
5. Someone is in the telephone booth.
6. The students are all outside. They’re not in the classrooms.
7. John is in the TV room.
8. They are in the supermarket.
(Source 1 , p. 491)
F. From the given information, make your ‘best guess’ by using must, might, could, may
(Suggestion: insert students names in (…)
1. (…) is yawning. Why?
2. (…) is sneezing and coughing. Why?
3. (…) is wearing a wedding ring. Why?
4. (…) is shivering and had goose bumps. Why?
5. (…)’s stomach is growling. Why?
6. (…) is scratching his arm. Why?
7. (…) has already had two glasses of water, but now he/she wants another. Why?
8. (…) is smiling. Why?
9. (…) is crying. Why?
10. There is a restaurant in town that is always crowded. Why?
11. I am in my car. I am trying to start it, but the engine won’t turn over. I left my lights on all day.
What’s wrong?
12. Every night there is a long line of people waiting to get into (a particular movie) . Why?
13. Don’t look at your watch. What time is it?
14. (…) isn’t in class today. Where is he/she?
15. Where does (…) live?
16. What do you think I have in my pocket?
17. What kind of watch is (…) wearing?
18. I can’t find my pen. Do you know where it is?
(Source 4 , p. 176 - 177)
G. Translate: Modal Verbs of Possibility, Probability, Likelihood
1. S-ar putea ca ei să fie acasă.
2. S-ar putea ca ei să nu lucreze în acest moment.
3. Ei s-ar putea să vă aştepte.
4. Cu siguranţă că doarme.
5. Crezi că s-ar putea să întîrzii?
5. S-ar putea ca ei să fi ieşit. (PAST)
6. S-ar putea ca ei să fi dormit atunci. (PAST)
7. S-ar putea ca ei să fi plecat. (PAST)
8. S-ar putea ce ei să se fi uitat la televizor atunci. (PAST)
9. Văd că John nu a ajuns încă; trebuie că a pierdut autobuzul. (PAST)
Translations:
1. They may be at home.
2. They may not be working now.
3. They may be waiting for you.
4. He must be sleeping.
5. Do you think you might be late?
5. They may have gone out. (PAST)
6. They may have been sleeping then (PAST).
7. They may have left. (PAST)
8. They may have been watching TV then. (PAST)
9. I see that John has not arrived yet; he must have missed the bus. (PAST)
(Source 7 , p. 147)
H. Activity - “What might you do with it?” One or two students stand with their backs to the board;
they are the guessers. You write on the board the name of a well-known object; for example, a pencil, a
cup, or a box of matches. The rest of the class help the guessers to find out what the object is by
suggesting things they might (or could) do with it. They should use their imaginations, and not give away
the answer by suggesting the obvious use, at least not immediately. For example, if the object is a pencil,
they could say things like:
‘I could pick it up’ ‘I might throw it at someone’ ‘I might point at something with it’
‘I could scratch my head with it’.
(Source 22 , p. 101)
I. Activity - “Why might you…?” Suggest an unlikely action, and ask the students if they can imagine
under what circumstances they might do it. You may or may not wish to instruct them to make full
conditional sentences. For example: Why might you stand on your head?
If I were performing in a circus, I might stand on my head.
If I wanted to look at something upside down, I might stand on my head.
Suggested Actions : (make up your own or use some action using past vocabulary to review)
1. …go to live in another country?
2. …stop talking for a day?
3. …eat a piece of paper?
4. …dye your hair green?
5. …go and live in a tree?
(Source 22 , p. 105)
6. …ride an elephant?
7. …sleep all day?
8. …jump out of the window?
9. … visit the President?
10. …refuse to come to this lesson?
Lesson 3 – Health Hazards
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Modal Verbs of Advisability
 Theme: Smoking, Alcohol, and Drugs
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
SMOKING
Vocabulary (smoking text)
lung: plămîn
liver: ficat
heart: inimă
heart attack: atac de inimă
kidney: rinichi
brain: creier
larynx:laringe
pharynx: faringe
esophagus: esofag
pancreas: pancreas
bladder: vezică urinară
stroke: atac, criză
tobacco: tutun
suicide: sinucidere
homicide: omucidere
to heal: a (se) vindeca
A. Text – Here is a text that gives information about smoking. For vocabulary, teach them
difficult words from this text (suggested list above).
Smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease, says the World Health
Organization. According to their figures, it is responsible for approximately five million deaths
worldwide every year. UK studies show that smokers in their 30s and 40s are five times more likely to
have a heart attack than non-smokers. Smoking also increases the risk of having a stroke. Another
primary health risk associated with smoking is lung cancer. Lung cancer is a difficult cancer to treat long term survival rates are poor. Besides lung cancer, tobacco use also causes increased risk for cancer
of the mouth, nasal cavities (nose), larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), esophagus (swallowing tube),
stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bladder. Another health problem associated with tobacco is
emphysema.. The lung damage which causes emphysema is irreversible, and makes it extremely difficult
to breathe. Each year about 440,000 people in the United States die from illnesses related to cigarette
smoking. Cigarettes kill more Americans than alcohol, car accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicide, and illegal
drugs combined. And not all deaths from smoking are smokers. Each year, about 3,000 non-smoking
adults die of lung cancer as a result of breathing secondhand smoke. Smoking is one of the worst things
kids or adults can do to their bodies. In fact, 1200 people die each day due to smoking. But sometimes
people can't really think that far into the future to worry about an illness they might not get for many
years. So let's talk about the problems that might affect people more quickly: bad breath, yellow teeth,
smelly clothes, more colds and coughs, difficulty keeping up with friends when playing sports, and an
empty wallet — cigarettes and tobacco products are very expensive! A pack of cigarettes costs $4.50, on
average. That means, even if you buy just one pack a week, you'll spend $234 in a year. Some people
smoke a pack a day, which adds up to $1,642!
B. Discussion Questions  What comes to mind when you hear the word ‘smoking’?
 Smoking kills. Why don’t people understand this?
 Is smoking a problem in your country?
 Why do people start smoking?
 Why do you think it is so difficult for people to give up and quit smoking?
 Do you get angry about passive smoking – breathing in second-hand smoke?
 Do you think smokers should pay higher health costs?
 Should Hollywood, Bollywood, etc. show smoking in movies?
 Do you know any chain smokers? How could you get them to stop?
 Which is worse for your health, smoking every day or drinking every day?
 Do you think smoking is cool?
 Why don’t governments ban smoking if it causes so many health problems?
 Where are the no-smoking areas in your town?
 What can we do to stop children smoking?
 What does smoking do to your health?
 Why do tobacco company ads always have healthy-looking young people smoking in
beautiful places?
 How would the world be different if smoking was suddenly banned?
 What do you think when you see a pregnant woman smoking?
 Someone once said: “I'd rather kiss a mad cow on the muzzle than a smoker on the mouth.”
What do you think about this?
 Do you think smoking will ever disappear?
 Do you think that the tobacco companies should be held reasonably responsible for a person's
addiction to nicotine?
(Source 19)
ALCOHOL
Vocabulary from Text (alcohol, in book)
smashing: a sparge
marching: a mărşălui
metal plate: placă de metal
jaw: falcă
oculist: oculist ( a doctor who treats eye diseases)
recall, remember: a aminti de, a aduce aminte
just in time: la tîmp
make us look older: ne face să aratam mai invîrsta
consciousness: conştient
Word Study (with definitions)
concussion (contuzie) – temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on the head
cerebral (cerebral) – referring to the brain
feeble (firav) – weak and without energy, strength, or power
irascible (irascibil) – made angry easily
scratch (zgîrietură, scărpinare)– a slight cut or graze on the surface of the skin
nightmare (coşmar) (dream-vis, visare) – a very frightening dream
A. Discussion Questions 
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
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How often do you drink?
Do you ever… / How often do you… drink to excess?
Why do you drink alcoholic drinks?
Is alcohol a drug?
Should governments allow people to drink products that make people violent?
Are the drinking and driving laws in your country too strict?
How does alcohol change your behavior, personality and face?
What are the most popular forms of alcohol in your country?
What part does alcohol play in the culture of your country?
When did you start drinking?
In the USA, you cannot drink alcohol until you are 21 years old. Do you think there
should be an age restriction on alcohol? What should be the legal age to drink alcohol?
Can bars serve alcohol 24 hours a day in your country?
In the USA, you cannot drink alcohol on the street. What are the laws regarding drinking
in public in your country?
What kinds of social problems does alcohol cause in your country?
What do you think of very drunk people?
Do you think people from different countries act differently when drunk?
Have you ever said or done something under the influence of alcohol that you later
regretted?
B. Modal Verb Review - Have your students write down the negative effects of alcohol by
using modal verbs. For example, ‘ Alcohol may increase the risk of accidents’ ‘Alcohol can
cause major damage to your liver’ etc… Have them use the info boxes on p. 47, 48 as a
resource.
Grammar – Modal Verbs of Advisability
Explanation:
USE
1. recommendation,
advice,
suggestion
EXAMPLES
When you visit London, you should see Big Ben.
You should study harder.
You shouldn’t smoke. It is bad for your health.
2. obligation
You should take off your shoes before entering the house.
You should be at school by 8:00 every morning.
I should study tonight, I have a big test tomorrow.
3. expectation (90%)
The test should be easy tomorrow.
Susan should be in New York by now.
Past Perfect Modal Verbs:
-if you made a mistake, did something wrong (-)
-if you didn’t do something that was important (+)
should have + past participle
Ann should have gone to the doctor yesterday because her cold is worse today.
I should have studied for that test.
I should have done my homework.
I shouldn’t have told a lie to my mother.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Giving Advice – Have your students imagine that their best friend has major problems with
alcohol. Have them give their friend advice using the modal verbs of advisability. They could
also share some alcohol facts and effects from the book and modal verbs of possibility. Ex. ‘You
shouldn’t drink so much’ ‘You could have brain damage’ etc…
B. Past Tense – Teach your students the past tense for the modal verbs of advisability (should
have + past participle). Then talk about what the boy from the text should have and shouldn’t
have done. Text examples:
The boy shouldn’t have bought the vodka.
The boy should have listened to his parents.
The boy shouldn’t have gone to a bar.
C. Fill in the gaps using should, shouldn’t
A: I ____________ do some work, but I’ll just have a cigarette first.
B: Don’t you know cigarettes are bad for you? You ___________ smoke.
A: I know. I ___________ give it up. I ________ smoke but I can’t help it. I try to forget about
what it’s doing to me.
B: There’s an article about smoking in this magazine. You _________ read it. You really ______
__ stop, you know. You _________ put your health at risk.
D. Give advice by using should or ought to:
1. I am writing my English paper and there is a
word I don’t know.
2. I don’t feel well. I think I’m catching a cold.
3. I am always tired in the morning. It is
difficult for me to get up in the morning.
4. My teeth are dirty.
5. I need to improve my English.
6. I worked hard all day outside.
7. I am always hungry during the 7th lesson.
8. I am always late to class.
9. My legs are very hairy.
10. I lost my keys.
11. I have a problem at school.
12. I have something on my face.
13. I want to be a doctor.
14. My shoes are muddy.
E. Give advice using should / shouldn’t
Ex. It is rather late. Advise your sister to hurry. You should hurry.
1. Your brother speaks too loud. Advise him not to speak so loud.
2. Mike is often late for school. Advise him to get up earlier.
3. There is a good film on this week. Advise Alice to see it.
4. Your cousins are going to London. Advise them to visit the British Museum.
5. Your deskmate often draws during the classes. Advise him not to draw during the classes.
6. Your sister stays up late every night. Advise her not to stay up so late.
7. Tomorrow is your little cousin’s birthday. Advise your mother to buy him a toy train.
8. It is clearing up. Advise your friend not to take her umbrella.
(Source 8 , p. 88)
F. Comment on the following situations using should and shouldn’t in past tense
Ex. George got up late. Now he is late. He should have got up earlier.
1. You didn’t eat breakfast. You fainted at work.
2. Paul ate too much. Now he has a stomachache.
3. Jill was driving too fast. Now she is getting a ticket from a policeman.
4. John didn’t study for his math test. He failed the test.
5. Peter was shaving while driving to work. He had a car accident.
6. It is raining. Chris didn’t bring his umbrella.
7. Rachel spent all her money on clothes. Now she doesn’t have any money.
8. Katie parked in an illegal parking space. She got a parking ticket.
9. Mike didn’t do his homework. His teacher is upset with him.
10. Dan left candles burning in his house. His house is on fire.
11. Betty went to bed very late last night. Now she is really tired.
12. Sally didn’t listen to her parents. Now they are upset with her.
13. Kim didn’t eat anything for breakfast. Now she is distracted from her lessons.
14. Matt drank a lot of beer before driving. He got in a bad car accident.
15. Jimmy and Tom were playing baseball near the house. The window broke.
G. What should or shouldn’t you/he/she have done?
1. They failed the test because they didn’t study.
2. Sally didn’t take her medicine and now she feels worse.
3. Your friend is upset because you didn’t call him.
4. Bob is wet because he didn’t bring an umbrella.
5. You went to bed late last night so now you are tired.
6. I didn’t eat lunch and now I am very hungry.
7. Michelle sold her car. Now she can’t take trips with her friends.
8. George’s back hurts because he carried a heavy box up two flights of stairs.
9. You are cold because you didn’t wear a coat.
10. The room is full of flies because you opened the window.
11. The weather was beautiful yesterday, but Bob stayed inside all day.
12. The little girl told a lie. Now she is in big trouble.
13. Harry bought a box of chocolates for his girlfriend but his girlfriend is allergic to chocolate.
14. You have no money because you spent it all foolishly.
15. I don’t have any food for dinner because I didn’t go to the grocery store.
H. Translate : Modal Verbs of Advisability
1. Ar trebui să cumperi casa.
2. Doctorul a insistat ca pacientul să ia medicamentele regulat.
3. Le-am recomandat să citească textul mai atent.
4. Nu ar trebui să stai atît de tîrziu.
5. Cred că ea ar fi trebuit să scrie exerciţiul înainte de a veni la şcoală. (PAST)
6. Fratele tău ar trebui să fie mai grijuliu.
7. Copiii ei nu ar trebui să mănînce atîtea dulciuri.
8. S-ar cuveni să-i trimit un cadou de Crăciun.
9. Ei ar trebui să-şi viziteze bunicii mai des.
10. Dacă tot se simte rău, ar trebui să consulte un medic.
11. Ar trebui să-i spuneţi adevărul.
Translations
1. You should buy the house.
2. The doctor insisted that the patient should take the medicine regularly.
3. I recommended that they should read the text more carefully.
4. You shouldn’t stay up so late.
5. I think she should have written the exercise before coming to school. (PAST)
6. Your brother should be more careful.
7. Her children shouldn’t eat so many sweets.
8. I should send her a present for Christmas.
9. They should visit their grandparents more often.
10. If she still feels bad, she should consult a doctor.
11. You should tell her the truth.
(Source 8 , p. 89/91)
Lesson 4 – Caring for Your Body
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Modal Verbs of Permission and Requests
 Theme: Food Safety / Healthy Eating
Suggested Vocabulary
Text (p. 49)
action: acţiune
excitement: emoţie
monotonous: monoton
bored: plictisit
inherited: a moşteni
empty: gol
to opt: a opta
to expect: a aştepta să, a nădăjdui să
feelings: simţămînt
disappointment: dezamăgire, decepţie
frustration: zădărnicire, dejucare, învingere, înşelare
weighing options: a cîntări opţiune
to fear: a se teme de
failure: eşec, ratat, insucces
hopeless: disperat, zadarnic
worth: valoare, merit
to take action: a acţiona
a man of action: om de acţiune
live freely: a se distra fară oprelişti
Suggested Vocabulary
Text (sanitation-handout)
to prevent: a preveni
spread: răspîndire
raw: crud
sponge: burete
towel: ştergar, prosop
counter: tejghea
dishes: vase
to wipe: a şterge
to replace: a înlocui
damp: umed
to breed: a se înmulţi
spatula: spatulă
thoroughly: complet, în totalitate
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Text – Here is a text on food safety / sanitation. There is a suggested vocabulary list for this text.
Wash your hands because it's the single most important way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Always wash your hands before preparing food, after touching raw food, especially raw meat, and washing
after using the bathroom. Wash for 30 to 45 seconds, scrubbing between fingers and under nails.
People often use the same sponge or cloth to clean everything in the kitchen -- the counter, the dishes, the
cutting board, etc. To prevent cross-contamination, try to keep a different towel or sponge for different jobs.
For example, use one cloth to wipe worktops and another to wash dishes. This helps to stop bacteria spreading.
Remember, if you wipe your hands on a towel after you have touched raw meat, this will spread bacteria to
the towel. Then, if you use the towel to dry a plate, the bacteria will spread to the plate.
Replace the sponge frequently. Dirty, damp cloths are the perfect place for bacteria to breed. The bacteria can
multiply, increasing from a few to millions in a matter of hours. You should keep a sponge (for use in the
kitchen) no longer than a week. Between uses, clean it with an antibacterial cleaning product and let it dry. It's
important to keep knives, wooden spoons, spatulas, tongs, etc. clean to help stop bacteria spreading to food. It's
especially important to wash them thoroughly after using them with raw meat, because otherwise they could
spread bacteria to other food. Wash them thoroughly with hot water and dish-washing soap.
B. Food Safety Quiz – Have your students take this quiz before you read the text. As you read
the text, discuss the correct answers. Have a discussion on what they knew and what they didn’t
know about food safety.
Food Safety Quiz
1. How long should you wash your hands?
diseases?
a. 30 to 45 seconds
b. 10 seconds
c. 15 to 20 seconds
3. How often should you change your sponge?
a. every month
b. every week
c. every two weeks
2.What is the most important thing you can do to
prevent the spread of infectious
a. cover my mouth when I cough
b. wash my hands
c. do not touch raw meat
4. What is the best environment for bacteria?
a. dry and hot
b. clean and cold
c. dirty and damp
5. At what temperature does bacteria grow best? 6. How fast can bacteria multiply?
a. 61° C to 115° C
a. a few to millions in a matter of hours
b. 4° C or lower
b. double in size in 5 seconds
c. 4° C to 60° C
c. a few to millions in a matter of days
7. When washing my hands, I don’t need to use soap.
a. True
b. False
8. When washing the dishes, it is not important whether the water is cold or hot.
a. True
b. False
9. I should never us the same cutting board, utensils and plates for raw meats and other foods.
a. True
b. False
10. Since the kitchen is warmer, it is better to thaw meats on the counter instead of the
refrigerator.
a. True
b. False
C. Discussion Questions 
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What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘food safety’?
What food safety issues do hear or read about in the news?
Do you think food is becoming more or less safe to eat?
Are you concerned about where the food you eat comes from?
How sure are you your government is in control of the quality of food for sale in your
markets?
Do you worry about chickens with flu, mad cows or polluted fish?
Do you think it is safer to eat out or at home?
How safe do you think fast food is?
Is there any food that scientists have not warned us against?
Do you ever think that the food you eat is not safe?

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Do you think restaurant staff always wash their hands and chopping boards?
Do you ever eat food that has gone past the expiration date?
Have you ever had food poisoning?
How safe is safe? Do you think we worry too much?
Are you happy with the quality of the water in your country?
(Source 19)
D. Healthy Eating - Here is a text on healthy eating.
Healthy Eating
• Healthy eating can reduce our risk for heart disease.
• Healthy eating also helps us to look, feel and work better.
• Healthy eating gives us the energy our body needs.
• Healthy eating helps us stay healthy.
• Healthy eating means eating a variety of different foods.
• Healthy eating means eating until we feel full and not overeating.
• Healthy eating is about the choices of food that we make over time, not any one food or meal that is
eaten.
Follow these tips for healthy eating:
1. Eat foods from each food group every day.
2. Eat more whole grain foods (e.g. whole wheat breads, bran cereal, brown rice).
3. Eat more dark green and orange vegetables (e.g. spinach, broccoli, carrots, squash).
4. Eat more fruit (e.g. melons, bananas, oranges).
5. Choose lower-fat milk products
6. Eat leaner meats, and poultry. Choose fish one-two times per week.
7. Choose more dried peas, beans and lentils.
8. Cook and prepare foods with little or no fat. Cut off fat or skin before cooking. Bake instead of frying
with a lot of oil.
9. Drink water every day.
10. Limit salt, alcohol and caffeine.
11. Keep active every day.
E. Discussion Questions 

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

Do you eat a lot of vegetables?
Do you eat lots of fruit?
Do you eat vegetables every day?
Do you always eat healthy food?
Do you watch your weight? What foods do you think are healthy?
How often do you eat junk food? What kinds of junk food do you eat?
What drinks to you think are healthy? What drinks do you think are unhealthy?
What foods to you think are healthy? What foods do you think are unhealthy?
(Source 10)
F. Food Pyramid– Teach your students about the food pyramid. Have your students record
what they eat for a few days. Have them put the food into the four food groups. Are they getting
the suggested amounts? Do they eat healthily? Also have them review the past perfect modal
verbs by saying what they should have or should not have eaten. Ex. ‘I should have eaten more
vegetables.’ ‘I shouldn’t have eaten so much candy.’
Grammar – Modal Verbs of Permission and Requests
Explanation:
Ask for Permission:
May I …?
Could I …?
Formal
May I borrow your pen?
Could I borrow your pen?
Can I …?
Informal
Can I borrow your pen?
Make a Request:
Could you….? Formal
Could you lend me your pen?
Can you …?
Can you lend me your pen?
Informal
Give Permission:
may – Formal
You may come in.
SHORT:
Yes, you may.
can – Informal
You can come in.
Yes, you can.
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Ask for permission using Can I…? or May I…? in the following situations:
1. You are at your friend’s birthday party. You want another piece of cake. What will you say?
2. Your mother has just finished a cake. You want to taste it. What will you say?
3. You meet some of your classmates in the park. You want to play with them. What will you
say?
4. You have lost your pen. Your desk mate has two pens. What will you say?
5. You have just finished your test so you want to leave the classroom. What will you ask your
teacher?
6. You are on the bus. You see an empty seat near a woman. What will you ask her?
7. You want to borrow your friend’s camera. What will you ask him?
8. You are in a room with other people. You want to smoke. What will you ask them?
9. You want to leave work early because you have some important things to do. What do you ask
your boss?
10. You are at your friend’s house and you need to use the phone. What will you ask him/her?
11. I’m Dr. North’s secretary. You want to make an appointment to see Dr. North. What will you
ask me?
12. You go to your supervisor’s office door and it is half open. He is sitting at his desk. You
want to come in. What will you ask him?
B. What do you say in these situations? Use
Can you…? Could you…? Can I…?
1. (You are carrying a lot of things. You want me to open the door for you.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
2. (We are having dinner. You want me to pass the salt.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
3. (You want me to turn off the radio.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
4. (You want to borrow my pen.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
5. (You are in my house. You want to use my phone.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
6. (You want me to give you my address.)
You say to me: _______________________________________?
(Source 5 , p. 51)
C. Express permission according to the example
Ex. You are visiting your cousin He has bought a new bicycle which you want to see. What will you
say? Can I see you new bicycle?
1. You are visiting an old friend of yours. He has just cut some roses. You want to smell them.
2. You are visiting your deskmate. You want to make a telephone call.
3. Your little sister has stopped in front of the door. She is too short to unlock it. You want to help her.
4. You are at your visiting your neighbor. You want to see his newly decorated room.
5. You are at your friend’s birthday party. You want another piece of cake.
6. Your mother has just finished a cake. You want to taste it.
7. You meet some of your classmates in the park. You want to play with them.
8. You have lost your pen. Your desk mate has two pens.
9. You have just finished your test so you want to leave the classroom.
10. You are on the bus. You see an empty seat near a woman.
11. You want to borrow your friend’s camera.
12. You are in a room with other people. You want to smoke.
13. You want to leave work early because you have some important things to do.
14. You are at your friend’s house and you need to use the phone.
15. You want to sleep, but your sister is still reading in her bed. You want to switch off the light.
(Source 8 , p.76)
D. Ask the question using the appropriate modal verb:
1. You and I are good friends. We’re in my apartment. You want to use the phone.
2. I’m your instructor. You want to leave class early.
3. You call your friend. Her name is Jessica. I answer the phone. You and I don’t know each
other.
4. I’m your supervisor at work. You knock on my half-open door. I’m sitting at my desk. You
want to come in.
5. I’m Dr. North’s secretary. You want to make an appointment to see Dr. North.
(Source 4 , p. 153)
E. Make questions with Can I…? or Could I…?
(I = informal , F = formal)
Don’t say this:
1. Lend me your pen. (I)
2. I want a glass of water. (F)
3. I’m going to use your pencil. (I)
4. I want some more coffee. (I)
5. I’ll put my coat here. (F)
6. I need to use your calculator. (I)
7. I’m leaving early today. (F)
8. I want to take your photo. (I)
9. Lend me your newspaper. (F)
10. I’m going to turn on the TV. (I)
Say this:
(borrow) __Can I borrow your pen, please?__
(have) ____________________________________
(use) _____________________________________
(have) ____________________________________
(put) _____________________________________
(use) _____________________________________
(leave) ___________________________________
(take) ____________________________________
(borrow) __________________________________
(turn on) __________________________________
(Source 3 , p. 84)
F. Translate : Modal Verbs of Permission / Requests
1. Poţi să intri.
2. Poţi să iei cartea mea.
3. Pot să trezesc copiii?
4. Pot să dansez cu tine?
5. Pot s-o beau?
6. Pot să conduc maşina?
7. Pot să mănînc portocala aceea?
8. Am întrebat dacă aş putea să deschid radioul. (PAST)
9. Puteţi să vă duceţi oriunde vreţi.
10. Pot să-ţi citesc un paragraf interesant?
11. Poţi vizita prietenii, dacă doreşti.
12. Domnule inspector! Se poate să privesc acest document?
13. Nu se poate să plecaţi încolo, nu cunoaşteţi adresa.
14. Poţi pleca încolo, e foarte aproape.
15. Pot să dau un telefon?
16. Puteţi parka aici.
17. Studenţii nu au voie să folosească dicţionarele în timpul examenului.
18. Pot să spun ceva? - Bineinţeles că poţi.
19. Pot să împrumut această carte? - Da, poţi.
20. Puteţi aştepta cîteva minute, vă rog?
Translations:
1. You may/can come in (enter).
2. You may/can take my book.
3. May/Can I wake the children?
4. May/Can I dance with you?
5. May/Can I drink this?
6. May/Can I drive the car?
7. May/Can eat that orange?
8. I asked if I could turn the radio on. (PAST)
9. You may go wherever you want to.
10. Can I read an interesting paragraph to you?
11. You can visit your friends if you wish.
12. Mr. Inspector! May I see this document?
13. You may not go over there, you do not know the address.
14. You can go over there, it is very close.
15. May I use your phone?
16. You may park here.
17. The students may not use the dictionaries during the exam.
18. Can / May I say something? Of course you can/may.
19. May I borrow this book? Yes, you may.
20. Could you wait for a few minutes, please?
(Source 7 , p. 147 / Source 2 , p. 164)
UNIT 4
Man and
Society
Lesson 1 – The Legislative Power
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Order of Adjectives
 Theme: Moldovan Parliament
Grammar – Order of Adjectives
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. envelopes (large, four, her)
2. tables (small, both, the)
3. birds (tiny, those, three)
4. brothers (tall, two, her)
5. quilts (six, thick, all)
6. coats (heavy, his, two)
7. rooms (these, four, huge)
8. pumpkins (ten, his, medium-sized)
(Source 1 , p. 161)
B. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. jacket (light, your, short-sleeved)
2. lenses (curved, small, three)
3. puppy (four-week-old, our, damp, warm)
4. discoveries (two, unexpected)
5. carpet (heavy, a, round, thick)
6. climate (humid, hot, the)
7. blankets (dry, warm)
8. table (low, oval, their)
(Source 1 , p. 162)
C. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. tents (canvas, green)
2. houses (Victorian, crimson)
3. curtains (white, lace)
4. cheese (Swiss, yellow)
5. ladders (wooden, brown)
6. blinds (pink, Venetian)
7. hats (felt, black)
8. cabinets (Renaissance, red)
(Source 1 , p. 162)
D. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. belt (green, beautiful, leather, a )
2. hood (dry, his, warm)
3. actors (old, two, Shakespearian, famous)
4. beads (glass, round, blue, tiny)
5. baby (lively, her, six-month-old)
6. dress (satin, a, white, long)
7. steps (narrow, cement, ten)
8. basement (cool, damp, the)
9. wolves (Russian, two, grey, huge)
10. carvings (delicate, sandalwood, three)
(Source 1 , p. 163)
E. Activity Idea – On a piece of paper write a sentence using lots of adjectives. Cut the sentence so that
each word is a separate piece of paper. Mix the sentence and have the students put it together putting the
adjectives in the correct order. Make several sentences and have them work in pairs or individuals. You
can make this a competition by making ‘stations’ putting a different sentence on each desk, have them
write down what they think it is and after a certain amount of time they have to switch desks until they
have done all of them. The person who gets the most sentences correct wins.
F. Activity Idea – Give your students pictures (of just about anything) and have them describe objects/
people from the picture using at least three adjectives. Have them write their descriptions in a sentence
and with the correct order of adjectives.
G. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. coat (long, a, leather, brown)
2. bar (chocolate, big, new, a )
3. castle (a, small, English, old)
4. dog (fat, big, the, white
5. shoes (running, some, modern, super)
6. car (American, gray, his, fast, cheap)
7. house ( stone-built, small, their, old)
8. dress (cotton, her, summer, short, white and blue)
9. comedy (English, terrific, new, a)
10. fire (electric, a, excellent, small)
(Source 8 , p. 89)
H. Place the adjectives given in the parentheses in the correct order:
1. an unusual ring (gold)
2. an old lady (nice)
3. a good-looking man (young)
4. a modern house (attractive)
5. black gloves (leather)
6. an American film (old)
7. a large nose (red)
8. a sunny day (lovely)
9. a hot bath (nice)
10. an ugly dress (orange)
11. a red car (old/little)
12. a metal box (black/small)
13. a long face (thin)
14. a wide avenue (long)
15. a big cat (fat/black)
16. a little village (old/lovely)
17. long hair (fair/beautiful)
18. an old painting (interesting/French)
(Source 6 , p. 191)
I. Activity Idea – On cards write different adjectives and hand them out to your students. They
have to go to the front of the class holding up their card and stand in the correct order based on
what adjective is on their card. You could also put them in teams and time them to see who can
line up correctly the quickest.
J. Choose the correct order of adjectives
1. He was wearing a ________ shirt.
a) dirty old flannel b) flannel old dirty c) old dirty flannel
2. Pass me the ________ cups.
a) plastic big blue b) big blue plastic c) big plastic blue
3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ teacher.
a) handsome new American b) American new handsome c) new handsome American
4. I used to drive ________ car.
a) a blue old German b) an old German blue c) an old blue German
5. He recently married a ________ woman.
a) young beautiful Greek b) beautiful young Greek c) beautiful Greek young
6. This is a ________ movie.
a) new Italian wonderful b) wonderful Italian new c) wonderful new Italian
7. She is a ________ supermodel.
a) beautiful slim Brazilian b) Brazilian beautiful slim c) slim Brazilian beautiful
8. It's in the ________ container.
a) large blue metal b) blue large metal
c) blue metal large
9. He sat behind a ________ desk.
a) big wooden brown b) big brown wooden c) wooden big brown
10. She gave him a ________ vase.
a) small Egyptian black b) black Egyptian small c) small black Egyptian
K. Choose the correct order of adjectives
1. I bought a pair of _____ shoes.
a) black leather b) leather black
2. It was a ____ car.
a) red fast
b) fast red
3. It's a ____ building.
a) big round
b) round big
4. I bought ____ knife.
a) a Swiss army b) an army Swiss
5. It's ____ film.
a) a beautiful old b) an old beautiful
6. He's ____ man.
a) an unfriendly rich b) a rich unfriendly
7. It's ____ phone.
a) a mobile expensive b) an expensive mobile
8. It's ____ village.
a) an old lovely
b) a lovely old
9. The ____ visitors were Japanese.
a) two last b) last two
10. He's got ____ eyes.
a) blue big b) big blue
11. It's a ____ house.
a) nice new b) new nice
12. It's ____ airline.
a) a popular American b) an American popular
Lesson 2 – The Executive Power
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: None
 Theme: United States Executive Branch
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Text – Here is a text about the US President Barack Obama as well as many different text
activity ideas to go with the text.
The President of the United States – Barack Obama
Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States of America. The Senator for Illinois
made history on November 4 when he won the presidential election. He is the first African
American to win the race for the White House. Obama’s charisma, intelligence, and powerful
speeches have made him extremely popular with many Americans. He has been very successful
with his message for change.
Obama was born in Hawaii in 1961 to a black Kenyan father and white American mother. His
parents divorced and his mother married an Indonesian man. Barack’s family moved to
Indonesia in 1967. He attended schools in Jakarta until he was ten years old, when he returned to
Hawaii. Obama majored in political science and international relations at Columbia University in
New York.
After four years in New York, Obama moved to Chicago. There, he worked as the director of a
community project from 1985 to 1988. He entered Harvard Law School and became the first
black president of the Harvard Law Review. Obama taught law at the University of Chicago Law
School for twelve years. He became an Illinois Senator in 1996.
Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004. He became the fifth African-American Senator in
U.S. history. He supported legislation on conservation, energy, immigration and honest
leadership. In November 2008, he defeated John McCain in a very hard-fought battle. Obama is
currently battling with serious issues such as the economy, the global credit crisis and wars in
Iraq and Afghanistan.
LISTENING GAP FILL:
Barack Obama is ___________________ the United States of America. The Senator for Illinois
made history on November 4 when he won the presidential election. He is the first African
American to win the race for the White House. Obama’s ___________________, and powerful
speeches have ___________________ popular with many Americans. He has been very
successful with ___________________.
Obama was born in Hawaii in 1961 to a black Kenyan father and white American mother.
___________________ and his mother married an Indonesian man. Barack’s
________________ Indonesia in 1967. He ___________________ Jakarta until he was ten years
old, when he returned to Hawaii. Obama ___________________ science and international
relations at Columbia University in New York.
___________________ New York, Obama moved to Chicago. There, he worked as the director
of ___________________ from 1985 to 1988. He entered Harvard Law School and became the
first ___________________ the Harvard Law Review. Obama ___________________
University of Chicago Law School for twelve years. He became an Illinois Senator in 1996.
Obama ___________________ U.S. Senate in 2004. He became the fifth African-American
Senator in U.S. history. He supported legislation on conservation, energy, immigration
___________________. In November 2008, he defeated John McCain in
____________________ battle. Obama is currently battling with serious issues such as the
economy, ____________________ and wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Underline the correct word in each of the pairs in italics.
Barack Obama is the 44th President of / in the United States of America. The Senator for Illinois
made historian / history on November 4 when he won the presidential election. He is the first
African American to win / beat the race for the White House. Obama’s charisma, intelligence,
and powerful speeches have made him extremely popular with many Americans. He has been
very successful with his message for change / chance.
Obama was birth / born in Hawaii in 1961 to a black Kenyan father and white American mother.
His parents divorce / divorced and his mother married an Indonesian man. Barack’s family
moved to Indonesia in 1967. He attended schools in Jakarta until / then he was ten years old,
when he returned to Hawaii. Obama majored in political science / scientists and international
relations at Columbia University in New York.
After four years in New York, Obama moved to Chicago. Where, / There, he worked as the
director of a community project from 1985 to 1988. He entered / entering Harvard Law School
and became the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. Obama taught lawyer / law at
the University of Chicago Law School for twelve years. He became an Illinois Senator at / in
1996.
Obama was / has elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004. He became the five / fifth African-American
Senator in U.S. history. He supported legislation on conservation, energy / energetic,
immigration and honest leadership. In November 2008, he defeated John McCain in a very hardfought / -fight campaign battle. Obama is currently battling with serious issues such as the
economy, the global credit / debit crisis and wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Number these lines in the correct order.
(
)
science and international relations at Columbia University in New
York.
(
)
Obama was born in Hawaii in 1961 to a black Kenyan father and
white American mother. His parents divorced and
(
)
taught law at the University of Chicago Law School for twelve
years. He became an Illinois Senator in 1996.
(
1)
Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States of
America. The Senator for Illinois made history on
(
)
November 4 when he won the presidential election. He is the first
African American to win the race for the White House. Obama’s
(
)
his mother married an Indonesian man. Barack’s family moved to
Indonesia in 1967. He attended schools in Jakarta
(
)
charisma, intelligence, and powerful speeches have made him
extremely popular
(
)
history. He supported legislation on conservation,
immigration and honest leadership. In November 2008,
(
)
battling with serious issues such as the global credit crunch and
wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
(
)
until he was ten years old, when he returned to Hawaii. Obama
majored in political
(
)
Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004. He became the
fifth African-American Senator in U.S.
(
)
with many Americans. He has been very successful with his
message for change.
(
)
1985 to 1988. He entered Harvard Law School and became the first
black president of the Harvard Law Review. Obama
(
)
After four years in New York, Obama moved to Chicago. There, he
worked as the director of a community project from
(
)
he defeated John McCain in a very hard-fought battle. Obama is
currently
energy,
SCRAMBLED SENTENCES
With your partner, put the words back into the correct order.
1.
is States the President America of the Obama United of 44th
2.
to the the the African-American for race House win White first
3.
his
4.
family to
5.
Obama
6.
as
7.
He an
8.
2004
9.
legislation
10.
a
with
successful
in
Barack’s
political
Senator
moved
majored
community the
in
very been
He
message
Indonesia
1967
science in
project
director
he of
became
Illinois
in
Senate U.S.
the
to
elected
was
conservation
on
supported
hard- in
John
fought
defeated
1996
has
worked
a
Obama
He
battle
very he McCain
BARACK OBAMA DISCUSSION:
STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1.
What do you know about Barack Obama?
2.
Would you like to meet Barack Obama?
3.
What would you like to know about Barack Obama and why?
4.
___________________________________________________
5.
___________________________________________________
6.
___________________________________________________
7.
___________________________________________________
8.
___________________________________________________
Copyright © www.FamousPeopleLessons.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------BARACK OBAMA
BARACK OBAMA DISCUSSION:
STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1.
What did you learn from this text about Barack Obama?
2.
What questions would you like to ask Barack Obama?
3.
What would his answers be to those questions?
4.
___________________________________________________
5.
___________________________________________________
6.
___________________________________________________
7.
___________________________________________________
8.
___________________________________________________
BARACK OBAMA SURVEY:
Write five questions about Barack Obama in the table. Do this in pairs/groups. Each student must
write the questions on his / her own paper.
Without your partner, interview other students. Write down their answers.
STUDENT 1
STUDENT 2
STUDENT 3
_____________
_____________
_____________
Q.1.
Q.2.
Q.3.
Q.4.
Q.5.
Return to your original partner(s) and share and talk about what you found out. Make
mini-presentations to other groups on your findings.
WRITING:
Write about Barack Obama for 10 minutes. Show your partner your paper. Correct each
other’s work.
HOMEWORK
1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary
or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations
of each word.
2. INTERNET: Search the Internet and find more information about Barack Obama. Talk about
what you discover with your partner(s) in the next lesson.
3. BARACK OBAMA POSTER: Make a poster showing the different stages of the life of
Barack Obama. Show your poster to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all find out
similar things?
4. MAGAZINE ARTICLE: Write a magazine article about Barack Obama. Include an
imaginary interview with him. Write about what he does every day and what he thinks about.
Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your
articles.
5. LETTER: Write a letter to Barack Obama. Ask him three questions about his life. Give him
three suggestions on what he should do in his future. Read your letter to your partner(s) in your
next lesson. Your “Barack Obama expert” partner(s) will try and answer your questions.
(Source-26)
Lesson 3 – Judicial Authority
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood after the verb ‘wish’
 Theme: Judicial Branch
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Complete each of the following sentences with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb
shown in brackets.
For example: He wished he ____ able to do it. (to be)
He wished he were able to do it.
1. I wish it _________ possible to finish the work tonight. (to be)
2. Will he wish he ______ ready? (to be)
3. She wished she _________ how to sing. (to know)
4. We wish they ____________ to come with us. (to want)
5. You wished you ___________ better. (to feel)
6. They will wish it _________ warmer. (to be)
7. Does he wish he ____________ younger? (to be)
8. I wish I _________ the subject more interesting. (to find)
(Source 12)
Complete each of the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb
shown in brackets.
For example: They wished they ___ not ____. (to come)
They wished they had not come.
1. I wish I ______ not ____________ the answers. (to lose)
2. They wished they ______ not _____________ the appointment. (to forget)
3. He will wish he __________________ us the book. (to show)
4. Will they wish we __________________ them some food? (to give)
5. We wish it _______________ yesterday. (to snow)
6. She wished she ______ not _________ the window. (to open)
7. I wished I _______________ the news. (to hear)
8. You wish you _______________ what to do. (to know)
(Source 12)
Rephrase the sentences below so as to use the Subjunctive after the verb wish
For example: I am sorry you don’t live in this town. I wish you lived in this town.
1. I am sorry you don’t like this book.
2. I regret my car makes so much noise.
3. I am sorry Jack does not want to come with us.
4. I’m sorry Tim does not catch any fish.
5. I regret they smoke so much.
6. I am sorry you don’t find your glasses.
7. I regret you cannot come with us.
8. I regret your sister is ill.
9. I am sorry I am not on holiday.
10. Jane regrets she is so busy.
(Source 8 , p. 101)
Rewrite these sentences with the verb wish
Ex. She didn’t accept my advice. I wish she had accepted my advice.
1. You failed the examination.
2. She didn’t meet Mr. Brown.
3. They didn’t take any money with them.
4. Albert didn’t bring his textbook to school.
5. I didn’t know how to do this exercise.
6. You didn’t study Spanish last year.
7. She wasn’t at home at lunch time.
8. We didn’t have any children.
9. He never learned how to drive.
10. It was time to go home.
(Source 8 , p. 101)
Rewrite these sentences with the verb wish
Ex. I didn’t buy it. I wish I had bought it.
1. I didn’t get up early.
2. He has gone abroad.
3. I couldn’t help my father.
4. I missed the train.
5. I couldn’t catch the train.
6. I haven’t done my homework.
7. I hurt him.
8. I couldn’t understand it.
9. I didn’t lock the door.
10. He didn’t receive my letter.
11. I didn’t sleep well.
12. I spent all the money.
13. I couldn’t have a rest.
14. I didn’t have it repaired.
15. She couldn’t speak to him.
16. He woke the baby.
17. She didn’t notice us.
18. He has changed his mind.
19. He couldn’t pass the exam.
20. I cut my face.
(Source 7 , . 141)
Write sentences using I wish…
1. I can’t drive (but I’d like to).
2. I haven’t any cigarettes (and I need one).
3. George isn’t here (and I miss him).
4. It’s hot (and I hate hot weather).
5. I live in New York (and I hate New York).
6. Patty can’t come to your birthday party (she’s your best friend).
7. I have to get up early tomorrow (but I’d like to stay in bed).
8. I don’t know anything about watches (and my watch has just broken down).
9. I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that’s a pity).
Write sentences using I wish…
Ex. I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely) I wish I knew more people.
1. I can't give up smoking (but I'd like to).
2. I don't have any cigarettes (and I need one).
3. George isn't here (and I need him).
4. It's cold (and I hate cold weather).
5. I live in New York City (and I hate New York City).
6. Tina can't come to the party (she's your best friend)
7. I hate to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed).
8. I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down).
9. I'm not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that's a shame).
(Source 6 , p. 75)
Make a wish for the situation given:
Example: I can’t drive.  I wish I knew how to drive.
I bought a car and now I have no money.  I wish I had not bought a car.
1. I don't have anything to smoke.
2. Simon went on holiday and I really need to speak to him.
3. Girls don't like me because I'm ugly!
4. I don't have much time.
5. My computer is old and slow.
6. It's really cold here. The climate is awful.
7. I have very few friends. I'm lonely.
8. Mark and Sally are going to India but it's not possible for me to go with them.
9. I am really old.
10. My friend, Jessica, told my secret to everyone at school.
11. I don't speak Spanish.
12. I don't understand English as well as I want.
13. My job pays really badly.
14. I burned the cake.
15. This town is so boring.
16. I don't like working late at night
17. I cannot go to the wedding as I've got to work
18. I came home late and my mother got really upset.
19. I have to work on Saturday.
20. I cannot buy shoes in ordinary shops because my feet are too big.
Ex. We go to school six days a week. (five days)
I wish we went to school five days a week.
1. He has an old car. (new)
2. You know how to speak Italian. (Spanish, too)
3. She seldom goes to the cinema. (more often)
4. My father drinks very much coffee. (less)
5. The camera I want to buy is very expensive. (cheaper)
6. Alice is here. (Jenny, too)
7. We have a small house. (big)
8. I am at school. (at the beach)
9. We have English class two times a week. (five times a week)
10. I don’t understand this grammar. (better)
Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb form
1. Our classroom doesn’t have any windows. I wish our classroom __________ windows.
2. The sun isn’t shining. I wish the sun _____________ right now.
3. I didn’t go shopping. I wish I _______________ shopping.
4. I don’t know how to dance. I wish I ____________ how to dance.
5. You didn’t tell them about it. I wish you ___________ them about it.
6. I don’t have enough money to buy that book. I wish I ____________ enough money.
7. It’s cold today. I’m not wearing a coat. I wish I __________ a coat.
8. Elena is tired because she went to bed late last night. She wishes she _________ to bed earlier
last night.
9. I can’t go with you tomorrow, but I wish I ____________.
10. My friend won’t ever lend me his car. I wish he __________ me his car for my date
tomorrow night.
11. Mrs. Takasawa isn’t coming to dinner with us tonight. I wish she ____________ to dinner
with us.
12. The teacher is going to give an exam tomorrow. I wish he ______________ us an exam
tomorrow.
13. You can’t meet my parents. I wish you ____________ them.
14. Katy didn’t come to the meeting. I wish she __________ to the meeting.
15. I am not lying on a beach in Hawaii. I wish I ____________ on a beach in Hawaii.
(Source 4 , p. 432 - 433)
Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the verbs in the parentheses.
1. We need some help. I wish Alfred (be) ____________ here now. If he (be) __________ , we
could finish this work very quickly.
2. We had a good time in Houston over vacation. I wish you (come) ___________ with us. If
you (come) ______________ with us, you (have) ________________ a good time.
3. I wish it (be, not) ____________ so cold today. If it (be, not) _______________ so cold, I
(go) ____________________ swimming.
4. I missed part of the lecture because I was daydreaming, and now my notes are incomplete. I
wish I (pay) _____________ more attention to the lecturer.
5. A: Did you study for the test?
B: No, but now I wish I (have) _____________ because I flunked it.
6. A: Is the noise from the TV in the next apartment bothering you?
B: Yes. I’m trying to study. I wish he (turn) ________________ it down.
7. A: What a beautiful day! I wish I (lie) _________________ in the sun by a swimming pool
instead of sitting in a classroom.
B: I wish I (be) _______________ anywhere but here!
8. A: I wish we (have, not) _____________ to go to work today.
B: So do I. I wish it (be) _____________ a holiday.
9. A: He couldn’t have said that! That’s impossible. You must have misunderstood him.
B: I only wish I ________________, but I am sure I heard him correctly.
10. Alice doesn’t like her job as a nurse. She wishes she (go, not) ______________ to nursing
school.
11. A: I know that something’s bothering you. I wish you (tell) ________________ me what it
is. Maybe I can help.
B: I appreciate it, but I can’t discuss it now.
12. A: My feet are killing me! I wish I (wear) ______________ more comfortable shoes.
B: Yeah, me too. I wish I (know) ____________ that we were going to have to walk this
much.
(Source 4 , p. 435 - 436)
Answer the questions using wish.
1. Where do you wish you were right now? What do you wish you were doing?
2. Are you pleased with the weather today, or do you wish it were different?
3. Look around this room. What do you wish were different?
4. Is there anything you wish were different about this town?
5. What do you wish were different about this country?
6. Where do you wish you could go on your next vacation?
7. What is something you can’t do, but you wish you could do?
8. What do you wish you were doing right now?
9. What is something you don’t have but you wish you had?
10. What is something that didn’t happen yesterday, but that you wish had happened?
11. What is something that has never happened in your life, but that you wish would happen?
12. What is something that happened in your life, but that you wish had not happened?
13. What is something you have to do but you wish you didn’t have to do?
14. What is something you don’t know but wish you knew?
15. What is something you were unable to do yesterday, but you wish you could have done?
(Source 4 , p. 436)
Using the given ideas, create sentences with wish. Add something that explains why you are
making that wish.
Example: go to the moon
I wish I could go to the moon for vacation. It would be fun to be able to leap long
distances in the moon’s lighter gravity.
1. be different
2. know several world leaders personally
3. speak every language in the world
4. be more patient and understanding
5. interview some great people in history
6. travel by instant teleportation
7. remember everything I read
8. be a big movie star
9. read people’s minds
10. be born in the last century
(Source 4 , p. 436)
Translate:
1. Aş dori să pot să o ajut pe sora ta
2. Aş dori să ştiu unde locieşte.
3. Aş dori să fiu milionar.
4. Mary ar dori să fie la mare acum.
5. Catherine ar dori să fie sănătoasă din nou.
6. Mi-aş dori să fie mai frumos afară.
7. Mi-aş dori să fiu acasă.
8. Mi-aş dori să nu fi uitat adresa lui.
9. Îmi doresc să fi fost în stare să rezolv toate problemele.
10. Aş dori să nu fi fost obligat să călătoresc împreună cu el.
11. Îmi doresc să fi putut să fac cunoştinţă cu el.
12. Aş dori să fi putut să merg la teatru.
Translations:
1. I wish I could help your sister.
2. I wish I knew where he lived.
3. I wish I were a millionaire.
4. Mary wishes she was at the sea now.
5. Catherine wishes she was healthy again.
6. I wish it were nicer outside.
7. I wish I were at home.
8. I wish I had not forgotten his address.
9. I wish I had been able to solve all the problems.
10. I wish I hadn’t had to travel together with him.
11. I wish I had been able to get acquaited with him.
12. I wish I had been able to go to the theatre.
(Source 8 , p. 102 / Source 7 , p. 146)
I wish...
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I wish I had a million... Then I would...
I wish I had one... because
I wish I could be like.... This person is special because....
I wish to be a ________ when I grow up. Then I will....
I wish there were a law that said..... This would be a good law because....
I wish I could forget the time I ..... because....
I wish trees could..... because....
I wish I could see...... because.....
I wish I could learn..... because.....
I wish I didn't have to eat...... I don't like this food because.....
I wish everyone would learn to ..... Then everyone would.....
I wish I never......
I wish I had one more chance to..... Then I would.....
I wish there was an electric......
I wish I had enough money to......
I wish everyone loved......
I wish all children would......
I wish everyone had.....
I wish I could touch......
I wish animals could...... If they could, then.....
I wish I looked like.... because......
I wish there were no more.....
I wish I didn't have to.....
I wish I could go to.....
I wish there really was..... If there really was, then.....
I wish I could hear......
I wish I could give......
If all my wishes came true, I would......
(Source 10)
Lesson 4 – After Twenty Years
 Vocabulary : Difficult words from the text
 Grammar: Prepositions
 Theme: Story “After Twenty Years”
UNIT 5
Family
Relationships
Lesson 1 – Weddings and Customs
 Vocabulary : Wedding
 Grammar: The Classification of Nouns
 Theme: Weddings
Suggested Vocabulary List
wedding - nuntă
bride - mireasă
groom - mire
maid-of-honor - domnişoara de onoare
best man - cavaler de onoare
bridesmaids
groomsmen
usher - plasator
ring bearer – purtător de inel
flower girl – fată de flori
marriage - căsătorie
couple - pereche, cuplu
ceremony - ceremonie
reception – recepţie
honeymoon – lună de miere
bouquet – buchet
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Text – Here is a text about wedding traditions in America
Wedding traditions in the United States vary but there are a few things that all U.S. weddings have in
common. To begin with, U.S. wedding ceremonies may be either religious or civil. A traditional United
States wedding is a fairly large and elaborate affair. Wedding planning can be elaborate and timeconsuming and many brides today choose to have a professional wedding planner take care of the details
of the glorious day. While a religious setting, such as a church, synagogue or mosque is not mandatory,
the more traditional U.S. weddings do take place in a religious setting. Family and friends are formally
invited. Ushers seat guests, there are bride’s maids, a best man, flower girls, a ring bearer, music and
many other amenities designed to make the day special and memorable. During the ceremony the minister
asks the couple to exchange wedding rings, a symbol of their never-ending love and commitment to one
another, and then the happy couple is pronounced, in front of family and friends to be husband and wife.
Traditionally the newlyweds kiss to seal their union. As the couple leave the church they are often
showered with rice and the couple is then taken to a home, restaurant or other facility where a wedding
reception takes place. There is often food and dancing at the reception. Speeches and toasts are given to
the new couple, wishing them every happiness. Gifts are an important part of the U.S. wedding tradition.
Gifts are given to help the new couple establish a new home together; often gifts of cash are given. A
couple may “register” at a specific store where their gift needs are tracked. This allows well-wishers to
not only purchase gifts that are truly useful to the new couple, but to also be assured that no one else has
purchased the same gift. Following the reception the couple traditionally goes on a honeymoon. A
honeymoon may last from several days to two or more weeks.
B. Venn Diagram – Have the students compare and contrast American weddings and Moldova
weddings using a Venn diagram. Or just have a class discussion of the similarities and
differences.
C. Discussion Questions –
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What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘weddings’?
Are weddings important?
What kind of weddings do you think are best?
Do you wish you could go to more weddings?
Why do many people not like weddings?
Do you think it’s easy or difficult to plan your own wedding?
What’s the best and worst wedding you’ve ever been to?
What are the best and worst things about weddings?
Do you think weddings in other countries are better than those in your country?
Do you think your wedding is the happiest day of your life?
Do you like weddings?
What kind of wedding would you like?
What do people getting married in your culture promise each other in a wedding?
In your country, do people have to invite people they don’t like to their wedding?
What is the best part of a wedding: the ceremony, the vows, or the reception?
Do you think that one day, weddings will become a thing of the past?
What do you think of alternative weddings such as underwater weddings or weddings on the
wing of a flying airplane?
 What three adjectives would you use to describe weddings?
(Source 19)
Grammar – Classification of Nouns
Common Uncountable Nouns:
a) whole groups: baggage, clothing, food, fruit, furniture, money
b) fluids: water, tea, coffee, milk, soup
c) solids: ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, paper
d) gases: air, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke
e) particles: rice, chalk, corn, flour, grass, hair, sugar
f) abstract: courage, education, fun, happiness, health, help, music, sleep
g) languages: Chinese, English, Italian
h) fields of study: chemistry, history, literature, mathematics
i) recreation: baseball, chess, tennis
j) activities: driving, studying, walking
k) natural phenomena: weather, rain, snow, wind
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Classify the following nouns:
Moldova
bread
car
computer
opinion
milk
water
help
fun
music
book
Maria
London
thought
sleep
man
health
happiness
rice
hair
pencil
Use a/an or some to finish the sentence, “I want…”
1. meat
5. newspaper
9. cotton
13. holiday
17. soup
2. picture
6. knife
10. wine
14. money
18. food
3. chair
7. juice
11. answer
15. cheese
19. pencil
4. water
8. help
12. cups of coffee
16. apples
20. tea
(Source 8 , p. 37)
Put a/an or some if necessary:
1. She needs ______ furniture.
2. _____ rose is _____ flower.
3. We get ___ milk from ____ cow.
4. She has to do ____ homework.
5. We must pay extra if we have ____ baggage.
6. I need ____ bread.
7. Have you got _____ camera?
8. Kerry would like to be ____ actress.
9. Would you like ____ coffee?
10. I need ____ information, please.
11. He is going to plant ____ tree in the garden.
12. John received ___ letter from his parents.
13. She likes to play ____ music.
14. I will pour you _____ orange juice.
15. Could you give me ____ advice?
16. I want to buy ____ bottle of water at the
store.
Some of these sentences need a/an. Some of the sentences are right. Put in a/an where
necessary
1. I haven’t got car.
2. Salt is not expensive.
3. Ann never wears hat.
4. Are you looking for job?
5. Mary doesn’t eat meat.
6. I’m going to party tonight.
7. Do you like cheese?
(Source 5 , p. 123)
8. Do you want cup of coffee?
9. I never drink milk.
10. Britain is island.
11. Jack made very bad mistake.
12. Everybody needs food.
13. Can you drive car?
14. I’ve got very good idea.
Put in a/an or some if necessary:
1. ____ house can be built of _____ stone.
2. Her room is quite empty. She needs ____ furniture.
3. ____ shoe is made of ____ leather.
4. ____ rose is ____ flower.
5. We get ____ milk from ____ cow.
6. She has to do ____ homework.
7. This time you have made ____ mistake.
8. We must pay extra for the taxi if we have ____luggage.
9. He needs ____ new clothing.
10. There is ____ traffic on Saturday.
11. I need ____ bread.
12. Have they got ____ camera?
13. Mary is going shopping. She is going to buy ___ clothes.
14. Kerry would like to be ____ actress.
15. What ___ beautiful house!
16. Would you like ____ coffee?
17. There was ___ trash under the tree.
18. I need ____ information, please.
19. He is going to plant ___ tree in the garden.
20. You need ___ money if you are going shopping.
21. She would like to play ____ music.
22. I’ll pour you ___ orange juice when I can find ___ time.
23. Our friends are doing ____ interesting experiment.
24. She needs ___ visa to visit ____ foreign countries.
25. John has received ___ letter from his parents.
(Source 1 , p. 20)
Put in a/ an or some
1. I read _____ newspaper, wrote ______ letters and listened to _____ music.
2. I need _____ money. I want to buy _____ food.
3. We met _____ interesting people at the party.
4. I’m going to open ____ window to get _____ fresh air.
5. She didn’t eat much for lunch – only _____ apple and ____ bread.
6. We live in ____ big house. There’s _____ nice garden with _____ beautiful trees.
7. I’m going to make ____ table. First, I need _____ wood.
8. We talked to her and she gave us ____ very good advice.
9. I want to write _____ letter. I need ____ pen and ____ paper.
10. We had ____ nice weather when we were on holiday.
(Source 5 , p. 125)
Add a/an if necessary. Write – in the blank if the noun is uncountable. Capitalize as
appropriate.
1. ______ bird has wings.
2. ______ animal needs a regular supply of food.
3. ______ food is a necessity of life.
4. ______ concert is a musical performance.
5. ______ opera is a musical play.
6. ______ music consists of a series of pleasant sounds.
7. ______ cup is a small container used for liquids.
8. ______ milk is nutritious.
9. ______ island is a piece of land surrounded by water.
10. _____ gold is a metal.
11. _____ bridge is a structure that spans a river.
12. _____ valley is an area of low land between two mountains.
13. _____ health is one of the most important things in life.
14. _____ adjective is a word that modifies a noun.
15. _____ knowledge is a source of power.
16. _____ tennis is a sport.
17. _____ tennis player has to practice long hours.
18. _____ tree needs water to survive.
19. _____ water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.
20. _____ homework is a necessary part of a course of study.
21. _____ English is used in airports throughout much of the world.
22. _____ air is free.
23. _____ fruit is good for you.
24. _____ sentence usually contains a subject and a verb.
25. _____ iron is a metal.
(Source 4 , p. 113)
For each blank space, write whether the preceding noun is countable (by writing c) or noncountable (by writing nc)
Ex: The boy has a lot of clothing ____. The boy has a lot of clothing __nc__.
1. This restaurant has the worst food _____ I've ever eaten.
2. We have to buy furniture _____ for our new house.
3. Many hospitals in this city _____ don't have modern equipment.
4. I generally don't like to give advice _____ about matters of love.
5. Most women _____ in my family wear lots of jewelry .
6. The grace _____ with which she danced made me cry.
7. It takes a lot of patience to deal with prisoners _____.
8. I asked him to send me information _____ about California wines .
9. The truth _____ is that I no longer want to live with that man .
10. It took great courage for the boy to admit to stealing money _____ from his brother.
(Source 24)
Underline or circle the correct word
1. I have to buy a lot of (furniture / furnitures) for my new apartment.
2. After the party there was a lot of (garbage / garbages).
3. Your (essay / essays) are due on September 15th.
4. I went to the market and bought a lot of (fruit / fruits)..
5. There are so many different types of (people / peoples) in the world.
6. He has one of the most expensive (computer / computers) on the market.
7. I have to cut my (hair / hairs) today.
8. What kind of (thing / things) do you want to talk about?
9. What kind of (milk / milks) would you like me to buy?
10. Do you have some (information / informations) for me?
11. I had many fun (experience / experiences) during my travels in Egypt.
12. Do you know all the (capital / capitals) of the world?
13. What did you buy? I bought some (orange / oranges).
14. I have to buy some apples and some (rice / rices).
15. I left my (luggage / luggages) at the airport.
(Source 24)
Add a/an or some to these sentences
1. The teacher made _______ announcement.
2. I saw _____ bird.
3. I saw ______ birds.
4. Rosa borrowed ________ money from her uncle.
5. I had ________ accident.
6. I have ________ homework to do tonight.
7. There is ________ table in the room.
8. There is _________ furniture in the room.
9. There are ________ chairs in the room.
10. My father gave me ________ advice.
11. Sonya is carrying _______ suitcase.
12. Sonya is carrying _______ luggage.
13. There was _______ earthquake in California.
14. I got _______ letters in the mail.
15. Helen got ______ letter from the her mother.
16. Jerry got _______ mail yesterday.
17. A computer is ______ machine that can solve problems.
18. The factory bought _________ new machinery.
19. I threw away _________ old basket that was falling apart.
20. I threw away _________ old boots that had holes in them.
(Source 4 , p. 113-114)
Fill in the blank with a, an , or -- .
1. ___ air is made up of elements such as ___ oxygen and ___ nitrogen.
2. ___ book is lying on the floor.
3. ___ Russian is a difficult language.
4. ___ onion is ___ vegetable.
5. ___ butter and ___ cream are made from ___ milk.
6. ___ letter has been delivered to the wrong house.
7. ___ child is playing on the sidewalk.
8. She would like to play ____ music.
9. ___ tree is growing outside the house.
10. ___ curiosity is considered a sign of ___ intelligence.
11. They want to buy ___ camera.
12. ___ egg was added to the soup.
13. ___ rain is expected this evening.
14. You will need ____ money if you go shopping.
15. ___ bicycle is parked in front of the store.
Activity Idea – “My Grandfather’s Store” Have your students stand or sit in a circle. Each
person begins his/her turn by saying “I went to my grandfather’s store and bought…” The first
person names something that begins with the letter ‘A’. The second person repeats what the first
person said, and then names something that begins with the letter ‘B’. The game continues to the
letter ‘Z’. The end of the alphabet. The people in the group have to listen carefully and remember
all the items previously named.
Example:
1st person: I went to my grandfather’s store and bought an apple.
2nd person: I went to my grandfather’s store and bought an apple and some bread.
3rd person: I went to my grandfather’s store and bought an apple, some bread, and a camel.
4th person: I went to my grandfather’s store and bought an apple, some bread, a camel, and
some dark socks.
Assume that “grandfather’s store” sells just about anything anyone would ever think of. Pay
special attention to the use of a, an, and some.
Alternative beginnings :
Tomorrow I’m going to (name of a place). In my suitcase, I will pack…
If I lived on a deserted island, I would need…
(Source 4 , p. 114)
Lesson 2 – Family Values
 Vocabulary : Family
 Grammar: The Comparison of Adjectives
 Theme: Family Values
Suggested Vocabulary List
Family Vocabulary list:
great-grandfather: străbunic
great-grandmother: străbunică
grandfather: bunic
grandmother: bunică
mother: mamă
father: tată
parents : părinţi
husband: soţ
wife: soţie
son: fiu
daughter: fiică
brother: frate
sister: soră
aunt: matuşă
uncle: unchi
nephew: nepot (de unchi)
niece: nepoată (de unchi)
cousin: verisor, verisoară
grandson: nepot (de bunici)
granddaughter: nepoată (de bunici
father-in-law: socru
mother-in-law: socră
daughter-in-law: noră
son-in-law: ginere
sister-in-law: cumnată
brother-in-law: cumnat
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Discussion Questions 1. What is a family?
2. Do you agree with this definition? (definition: Family is a group of people who are related to
each other, such as a mother, father, and their children)
3. What is a large family? A small family?
4. Do you have a large or small family?
5. What do you prefer: a large or small family?
6. Would you want to be an only child? why or why not?
7. What are the disadvantages and advantages to having a large family?
8. How many children to you want to have?
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Are your parents strict?
Did you ever meet any of your great grandparents?
Do you get along well with your family?
o Do you get along well with your brothers and sisters?
o Do you get along well with your in-laws?
Do you like your family? Why or why not?
Do you live with any of your grandparents?
Do you live with your parents?
Do you look more like your mother or your father?
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Do you often argue with your mother or father? What about?
Do you often visit your grandparents?
Do you think people should adopt children from other countries?
How big is your family?
How many (first) cousins do you have?
How many aunts and uncles do you have?
How often do you see your cousins?
How often do you see your grandparents?
How often is your entire family together?
What are some of your fondest memories of childhood?
What are your parents like?
What do you and your family like to do together?
What is the best memory you have of your family doing something together?
How often does your family eat dinner together?
How should parents discipline their children?
Describe a typical family unit and the importance of family in your country.
(Source 10)
B. Family Tree Activity – Make a family tree on the board with pictures of people from
magazines. Have the students use the family tree to practice the vocabulary. Ask one student to
come to the board. Tell them that they are a certain person in the family (You are Sally) Then
that student must describe their ‘family’ to the class. You can make them do something as simple
as ‘this is my aunt, this is my uncle’ or you can make it more advanced by making them describe
their name, age, profession, personality, etc…
C. Family Tree Activity – Using the same family tree, make true and false statements based on
the family on the board. They must listen to your statement, look on the board and declare
whether it is true or false. This is a good practice of the vocabulary and a great listening activity.
D. Family Tree Activity – Put your students into teams. Give each team a group of pictures of
people. On the board they must make a family tree out of the pictures and must label the family
tree. Whoever finishes the fastest and has everything correct (including spelling!) wins.
E. Family Presentation – Have your students bring in pictures of their family and make them
give an oral presentation of their family. They should also include their name, age, and
profession. This is a great speaking activity.
F. Complete the sentence using the correct vocabulary word
1. My grandma’s granddaughter is my ________________.
2. My son’s grandmother is my ____________________.
3. My son’s wife is my ____________________.
4. My mother’s son is my ____________________.
5. My nephew’s sister is my ____________________.
6. My brother’s wife is my ____________________.
7. My grandfather’s wife is my ____________________.
8. My mother’s sister is my ____________________.
9. My father’s father is my ____________________.
10. My cousin’s father is my ____________________.
11. My daughter’s son is my ____________________.
12. My son’s sister is my ____________________.
13. My aunt’s daughter is my ____________________.
14. My sister’s husband is my ____________________.
15. My brother’s father is my ____________________.
G. Logic Puzzle – Give your students the following description of a family. Based off of these
descriptions, they must draw a family tree (each statement must be true in order to have the
correct family tree) This activity may be done in individuals, pairs, or groups.
Eddie is Jamie's father.
Isabel is Nick's sister.
Jamie has got three children.
Emily has got two brothers.
Jamie is Isabel's grandfather.
Steve has got a brother and a sister.
Steve hasn't got any children.
Matt has got two children.
Susan is Jamie's mother.
Matt is Lucy's husband.
Anne is Jamie's wife.
John is Emily's husband.
Laura is John's daughter.
Emily is Anne's daughter.
(Source 9)
Grammar – The Comparison of Adjectives
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Use the superlative of the adjectives given in each sentence:
Ex. That’s (old) chair of all. That’s the oldest chair of all.
1. This is (big) room in the building.
2. Tom is (reserved) boy in this class.
3. Bill is (bright) student of all.
4. Betty is (friendly) girl in this office.
5. This is (attractive) room in the whole house.
6. Charles writes (good) papers of all.
7. This is (bad) weather so far this year.
8. That’s (comfortable) chair in this room.
9. John has (little) talent of anyone in the group.
10. He is (much) experienced worker.
(Source 1 , p. 173)
Use the adjectives in the sentences correctly:
Ex. That’s (easy) of all. That’s the easiest of all. It’s (big) than Bill’s. It’s bigger than Bill’s.
1. He’s (rude) man in the group.
2. John is (tactful) than his brother.
3. This book is (exciting) than that one.
4. That coat is (same) as mine.
5. Is this book (good) than that one?
6. He’s (stupid) boy in the class.
7. Dick’s (polite) than the other fellow.
8. That house isn’t (new) as Mr. Brown’s.
(Source 1 , p. 173)
Complete the following sentences using the comparative form of the irregular adjectives in
the brackets:
1. I have __________ eggs that I need. (many)
2. The bread tastes even ________ than the rolls. (good)
3. She does not want to travel ________ than necessary. (far)
4. Alice drinks _______ coffee than Jerry does. (little)
5. We have _________ honey than we need. (much)
6. Things may be _______ than you think. (bad)
7. Business is _________ this year than it was last year. (good)
8. Alan has _________ money than Ben. (little)
9. She has _________ self-confidence than I do. (much)
10. The weather was ________ yesterday than it is today. (bad)
(Source 1 , p. 178)
Paying attention to the correct spelling, complete the sentences using the comparative form
of the adjectives in the brackets:
1. The village is ________ than the city. (pretty)
2. This building is _________ than the one next to it. (big)
3. Your watch is ___________ than mine. (slow)
4. Her roses smell __________ than ours. (sweet)
5. The corner store is ________ than the supermarket. (close)
6. The temperature is __________ today that it was yesterday. (high)
7. His cat is _________ than yours. (fat)
8. We arrived __________ than she had expected. (soon)
9. It is ___________ on this side of the valley. (sunny)
10. She is ___________ than her sister. (young)
11. The afternoon is usually ________ than the morning. (hot)
12. He is ________ than you are. (weak)
13. The table is _________ at this end. (low)
14. This book is ________ than that one. (thin)
15. The bag is _________ than the suitcase. (heavy)
(Source 1 , p. 177)
Write the correct degree of the adjectives given in the brackets:
1. The second lesson is (interesting) than the first lesson.
2. This is the (long) chapter in the book.
3. Our classroom is (large) than yours.
4. I am (old) than my brother.
5. Nick is (tall) than his father.
6. My hat is (expensive) than yours.
7. This is the (good) poem I have ever read.
8. Mary’s voice is (loud) than yours.
9. My coat is (bad) than Ann’s coat.
10. My house is the (high) building in the area.
(Source 1 , p. 178 - 179)
Refer to the table to write sentences comparing the age or height of the children in each of
the following pairs.
Child’s Name
Nancy
Dick
Lacy
Sara
Barbara
Ex. Dick and Lacy (age)
Age (years)
16
15
12
8
7
Height (centimeters)
150
160
140
110
115
Dick is older than Lacy.
1. Nancy and Dick (age)
2. Dick and Nancy (height)
3. Nancy and Lacy (age)
4. Lacy and Nancy (height)
5. Sara and Lacy (age)
6. Lacy and Sara (height)
7. Sara and Barbara (age)
8. Sara and Barbara (height)
9. Dick and Barbara (age)
10. Sara and Nancy (height)
(Source 1 , p. 179)
Paying attention to the correct spelling, complete the following sentences with the
superlative forms of the adjectives in the brackets:
Ex. He is the _______ runner on the team. (fast)
He is the fastest runner on the team.
1. Have you heard the _______ news? (late)
2. They are the ________ people I know. (lazy)
3. This is the _______ part of the day. (hot)
4. The black horse was the ________ horse in the race. (slow)
5. She is the ________ student in the class. (poor)
6. This is the _________ highway in the country. (wide)
7. That was the ______ sunset I have ever seen. (red)
8. Yesterday was the _________ day of the year. (cold)
9. This is the ______ way to do it. (easy)
10. The kitchen is the ________ room in the house. (clean)
11. This is the _______ cake I have ever eaten. (sweet)
12. The third act is the ________ part of the play. (sad)
13. That is probably the _______ things to do. (wise)
14. This is the _________ route into town. (short)
15. She is the _______ girl I know. (lucky)
(Source 1 , p. 182)
Complete the following sentences with the superlative forms of the irregular adjectives in
the brackets:
Ex. Pam is the _______ student in the class. (good)
Pam is the best student in the class.
1. This is the ______ essay I have ever read. (bad)
2. This is the ______ we have ever traveled in one day. (far)
3. Our strawberries have the ________ flavor. (good)
4. He ate the _______ jam. (little)
5. That is the _______ news I have heard yet. (bad)
6. She has the ______ cheese. (much)
7. They have eaten the ________ pancakes. (many)
8. That is the ________ thing that could happen. (bad)
9. We have used the ________ honey. (much)
10. That is the _______ suggestion was have heard yet. (good)
(Source 1 , p. 182 - 183)
Refer to the table to write sentences comparing the age, height, weight, and money of the
children:
Name
Denise
Ted
Ray
Ben
Carl
Amber
Victor
Sally
Age(years)
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
1. Ray is…
2. Ben is…
3. Sally is…
Height (cm)
140
154
135
130
125
115
119
112
4. Victor is…
5. Amber is …
6. Carl is…
Weight (kg)
40
43
45
42
35
28
32
29
Money ($)
90
70
25
100
10
30
20
15
7. Ted is…
8. Denise is…
(Source 1 , p. 183)
Write questions using the words in the brackets then answer them
Ex. (what / large / city / your country?) What is the largest city in your country?
1. (who / famous singer / your country?)
2. (what / popular sport / your country?)
3. (what / expensive thing / you / ever bought?)
4. (what / happy / day / your life?)
5. (what / stupid thing / you / ever done?)
6. (who / intelligent person / you know?)
7. (who / beautiful person / you know?)
(Source 6 , p. 209)
Chişinău
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the comparative adjectives:
1. The pears are ________ than the plums. (hard)
2. The roses are _______ than the daisies. (beautiful)
3. The tomatoes are _______ than the apples. (expensive)
4. My bicycle is ________ than yours. (new)
5. Cold lemonade is _______ than water. (refreshing)
6. The front yard is _______ than the back yard. (big)
7. This map is ________ than that one. (good)
8. His room is ________ than yours. (tidy)
9. Her report is ______ than ours. (accurate)
10. Walter Scott is ________ than Walter Brooks. (famous)
(Source 1 , p. 186)
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the superlative adjectives:
1. Sarah is the ________ girl in the class. (intelligent)
2. He is the _________ boy in the school. (lucky)
3. This is the ________ book I have ever read. (good)
4. That is the ________ painting in the museum. (valuable)
5. Yesterday was the ________ day of the year. (hot)
6. She is the ________ student in the school. (new)
7. This movie is the _________. (entertaining)
8. He is the _________ man in the village. (brave)
9. Summer is usually the _______ time of the year. (dry)
10. He is the _______ player in the team. (talented)
(Source 1 , p. 188)
Put the adjectives in brackets ins the correct form:
1. Bucharest is (far) from Madrid than Paris.
2. George is (tall) boy in his class.
3. Your homework is (bad) than hers.
4. The Carpathians are (high) mountains in Romania.
5. His car is (good) than mine.
6. At last, I got (far) details about that incident.
7. Peter is (clever) boy in his school.
8. My (old) sister works in one of (old) schools in our town.
9. This hotel manager was (polite) we had ever met.
10. The farmer said that was (fat) turkey he had.
11. Her daughter was (graceful) dancer in the ballroom.
12. Yesterday’s weather was (bad) than today’s.
13. The inn is (old) building in the village.
14. Sir Winston Churchill was (famous) Englishman in World War II.
15. The Empire State Building is (tall) than the Statue of Liberty.
(Source 8 , p. 87)
Find the mistake in each sentence. Re-write the sentence correctly:
Ex. This is longest book in the library.  This is the longest book in the library.
1. The Atlantic Ocean is not as big the Pacific Ocean.
2. Your hands are dirtyer than mine.
3. Albert Einstein is intelligenter than me.
4. Nobody is rich as the Queen of England.
5. This is the cheaper car on the market.
6. Who is fastest man in the world?
7. That restaurant is best in town.
8. Julia Roberts is more pretty than my grandmother.
9. The Ferrari is the faster car of all.
10. I am as taller as you.
11. Where are the more beautiful beaches in the world?
12. China is bigger India.
13. Athens is one of oldest cities in the world.
14. Who is the better lawyer in town?
15. Is ice heavier that water?
Put the words in the correct order:
Ex. than food food is German Italian better  Italian food is better than German food.
1. hotel hotel this the than last cleaner is
2. is Boston city older or Rome which the?
3. not hot Casablanca is as Paris as
4. in tallest world the Mt. Everest mountain is the
5. important are more politics education than ?
6. handsome is John more George.
7. hotter winter than summer is.
8. has longest in Ana the hair class the.
9. in beautiful the most Paris is the city world.
10. New the America York in dirtiest is city.
11. red the blue than book the is newer book.
12. the class youngest the Jill student in is.
13. class English is more history than class boring.
14. the is of month coldest February the year.
15. car the which is fastest ?
Answer the following questions:
Ex. Who is the best worker in the company?  Mr. Suzuki is the best worker.
1. Is the Danube River as big as the Amazon River?
2. Which is bigger, a bus or a car?
3. Which is longer, a train or a bus?
4. Who is the most intelligent student in your class?
5. What is the most populated country in the world?
6. What is the best TV show?
7. Who is the best teacher at your school?
8. Who is the most handsome man you know?
9. Is Romania as small as Moldova?
10. Which is more important, family or friends?
11. Where is the longest river?
12. Is Angelina Jolie as beautiful as Jennifer Lopez?
13. Is Iargara as nice as Leova?
14. Which is smaller, a mouse or a cat?
15. What is the best song?
Ask questions for the following answers:
Ex. Sunrise is the most beautiful time of day.  When is the most beautiful time of day?
1. Ms. Sanchez is the best teacher.
2. Michael is stupider than Max.
3. No, Cuba is smaller than Madagascar.
4. No, geometry is not as difficult as algebra.
5. No, I am older than Rita.
6. Argentina is colder than Panama.
7. Brazil is bigger than Peru.
8. George is taller than Bill.
9. Julia is the most beautiful girl in class.
10. Bob is thinner than Jim.
11. Beyonce is the best singer.
12. Jessica is the most intelligent person in our class.
13. Physical Education is more interesting than Mathematics.
14. The Amazon River is the longest river in the world.
15. Yes, Russia is bigger than America.
Complete these sentences using these words; better , worst, further, older, elder. Use than
when necessary.
1. We complained about the food in our hotel. But instead of improving, it got ______________.
2. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do __________________ this.
3. Ann’s younger sister is still at school. Her ________________ is a nurse.
4. Our team played really badly this afternoon. We played ________________________ we
have ever played before.
5. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ____________________ away?
6. ‘Is Jim younger than Tom?’ ‘No, he’s ___________________.’
7. The damage to our car wasn’t so bad. It could have been much ______________________.
8. If you need any _______________________ information, please contact our head office.
(Source 6 , p. 205)
Activity – Write several objects (or people) on slips of paper (so that each piece of paper has one
object). Put the slips of paper in a bag, envelope, or container. Have the students randomly pick
two pieces of paper. Then they must compare those two objects / people using the comparative.
For example, one student draws ‘pizza’ and ‘chair’ the student might say ‘A chair is larger than
a pizza.’ or ‘ A pizza is tastier than a chair.’
Who is taller? – Have two students come up in front of the class. Then hold up an adjective (ex.
tall, thin, long hair, responsible, intelligent…). The class must compare the two students using
that adjective. Add another student and have them use the superlative form. This can also work
with comparison of equality as well.
Family Comparisons – To practice their vocabulary as well, have them compare members of
their family. They can compare them based on appearance, personality, etc…
Song Dictations – Some songs that would be great to use for dictations and other listening
activities are : “My Love” by Petula Clark and “Anything You Can Do” from Annie Get Your
Gun soundtrack. They contain a lot of comparatives and superlatives.
Discussion Questions –
Superlative Questions
 What is the longest river?
 What is the biggest country?
 What is the tallest building?
 Who is the sexist actor?
 What is the most dangerous animal?
 What is the most romantic movie?
 What is the scariest movie you have ever seen?
 Which ocean is the biggest?
 Who is the ugliest person you know?
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Who is the most beautiful person you know?
Who is the smartest person you know?
What’s the most disgusting food you’ve ever eaten?
When was the happiest period of your life?
What’s the most difficult thing about studying English?
Who is the nicest person you know?
When is the most relaxing part of the day for you?
What do you think it would be like to be the most beautiful / handsome person in the
world?
What’s the most exciting video game you know?
What’s the funniest book you’ve ever read and the funniest movie you’ve ever seen?
What’s the most stupid thing you’ve ever done, and the most stupid thing you’ve ever
said to someone?
Who’s the craziest person you know?
What’s the earliest you could get up every morning?
(Source 19)
Comparative Questions
 Who is smarter: your teacher or you?
 Who is friendlier: your best friend or you?
 Who is nicer: your father or your mother?
 Which activity is scarier: skydiving or bungee jumping?
 Which activity is more fun: watching a movie or listening to music?
 Which are you better at: singing or dancing?
 Which do you hate more: cleaning the house or doing homework?
 Who is the better singer: Akon or 50 cent?
 Who is the better singer: Christina Aguilera or Britney Spears?
 Which telephone brand is better: Nokia or Samsung?
 Which is more expensive: Nokia or Samsung?
 Which is more difficult to learn, English or your language?
 What things are you better at than your best friend?
 Are people today luckier than they were 50 years ago?
 Are you happier now or were you happier when you were younger?
 Are video games better than watching TV?
 What is worse than failing exams?
 Do you think buying a more expensive brand means it is much better than a cheaper
brand?
 Would you like to be more beautiful / more handsome than you are now or more
intelligent than now?
 What would you like to be better at than anyone else in the world? Why?
Translate:
1. El joacă tenis mai bine decît mine.
2. Pentru ea nu este nimic mai important decît familia.
3. Eu joc şah tot atît de bine, ca şi tatăl meu.
4. El vorbeşte limbă franceză tot atît de bine ca şi fratele său.
5. Iulie e cea mai caldă lună a verii.
6. Această lună a fost cea mai grea în viaţa mea.
7. Această problemă nu e atît de dificilă, cum credeţi voi.
8. Avem nevoie de o oglindă mai mică.
9. Ieri a fost cu mult mai frig decît azi.
10. Acest cîntăreţ este acum cel mai popular în Europa.
11. Tu poţi cumpăra aceasta în cel mai apropiat magazin.
12. Astăzi e mai cald decît ieri.
13. Mary este mai frumoasă decît Helen.
14. Apartamentul nostru este mai mare ca al ei.
15. Cei doi sunt foarte înalţi, dar Victor este mai înalt decît John.
16. Sora mea este mai mare decît mine.
17. Lecţiile sunt mai dificile ca cele de ieri.
18. Astăzi este mai frig ca ieri.
19. Are cele mai moderne idei privind educaţia.
20. Victor este mai înalt decît fratele lui? Nu, el este mai scund.
21. Este cea mai interesantă carte pe care am citit-o vreodată.
22. Păpuşa mea e mai drăguţă decît a ta.
Translations:
1. He plays tennis better than me.
2. For her, nothing is more important than family.
3. I play chess as well as my father.
4. He speaks French as well as his brother.
5. July is the warmest month in the summer.
6. This month was the hardest month of my life.
7. This problem is not as difficult as you think.
8. We need a smaller mirror.
9. Yesterday was colder than today.
10. This singer is the most popular in Europe now.
11. You can buy this in the closest (nearest) store.
12. Today is warmer than yesterday.
13. Mary is more beautiful than Helen.
14. Our apartment is bigger than hers.
15. The two of them are very tall, but Victor is taller than John.
16. My sister is older than me.
17. The lessons are more difficult than those from yesterday.
18. Today is colder than yesterday.
19. He has the most modern ideas regarding education.
20. Is Victor taller than his brother? No, he is shorter.
21. It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
22. My doll is cuter than yours.
(Source 1 , p. 197 – 199 / Source 2 , p. 88)
Lesson 3 – Jobs and Trades
 Vocabulary : Occupations
 Grammar: Review Comparison of Adjectives
 Theme: Jobs
Suggested Vocabulary List:
Occupations Vocabulary:
accountant: keeps records of money received, paid, and owed by a company or person
artist: paints, draws, or makes sculptures
astronaut: has been trained to travel in spacecraft
builder: makes buildings
chef: cooks food for restaurants or hotels
dentist: treats people’s teeth
doctor (physician): treats people who are sick or hurt
driver: drives a vehicle
eye doctor: examines people’s eyes and corrects sight problems
firefighter: stops fires from burning
journalist: writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or magazine
judge: makes decisions in legal matters
lawyer: speaks for people in court
manager: manages people in an organization
minister: works in a church
musician: plays a musical instrument
nurse: takes care of people who are sick or hurt
office worker: types letters and answers the phone
painter: paints surfaces such as walls
pharmacist: prepares medicines
photographer: takes photographs
policeman: protects people and makes people obey the law
postman: delivers letters and packages to other people
scientist: works and studies in science
shop assistant : serves customers in a store
tailor: adjusts, repairs, and makes clothes
teacher: teaches in a school or college
waiter/waitress: brings food to the customers at their tables in a restaurant
veterinarian: takes care of animals that are sick or hurt
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Who am I? - Before class write different occupations on strips of paper. Then tape an occupation on
each student’s back without them seeing the occupation. They all have to ask each other yes/no questions
about their occupation (ex. Do I work in an office? Do I work with food? etc…) They can ask one
question per student and then they have to guess what occupation is on their back.
B. Matching – Put the occupations and the definitions from the vocabulary list on slips of paper.
Have the students match the occupation with the definition. You can also have them do this in
teams to create a competition.
C. Song Dictation – Use the song “She’s not Just a Pretty Face” by Shania Twain. It has many
different occupations in the song. You can discuss what the song is about, use it as a listening
activity with empty spaces, etc…
Discussion Questions –
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What kind of jobs have you had (part-time and full-time)?
Are there many good job vacancies for you in your country?
What is your dream job?
What jobs do you do at home?
Are there jobs that are only for women or only for men?
How many jobs do you think you’ll have in your life?
Are there any jobs you would refuse to do, regardless of the pay?
What do you think the job of being an English teacher is like?
Who has the best job in the world? Why do you think so?
What kinds of jobs interest you most and least?
What are the toughest jobs in the world?
Is being a housewife a job?
What is the job description of your last job?
Does everyone have equal job opportunities in your country?
At what age do people usually begin to work in your country?
At what age do people usually retire in your country?
At what age would you like to retire? What do you think you will do after you retire?
Do you think people over 65 should be made to retire?
Do you think women and men should be paid the same for the same job?
Do you think women are good bosses? Are there women bosses in your country?
Does your mother work outside of the house?
If you could own your own business, what would it be?
If you had to choose between a satisfying job and a well-paid one, which would you
choose?
Name three occupations that you could do. (For example, be a mortician)
Name three occupations that you could never do?
What are some common occupations in your country?
What are some common jobs for men in your country?
What are some common jobs for women in your country?
What are some jobs that children do?
What are some jobs that you think would be boring?
What are some jobs that you think would be fun?
What do you think is the best job? What do you think is the worst?
What do you think would be the most interesting job? The most boring?
What does your father do? (What does your father do for a living?)
What does your mother do?
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What job do you want to have in five years' time?
What job would you most like to have, if social/cultural boundaries did not apply?
What job(s) do you wish to have in the future?
What jobs in your country are considered to be good jobs? Why?
What three adjectives would describe yourself as a worker?
When you were a child, what did you want to be when you grew up?
(Source 10 , 19)
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Job Poll – Have your students rank the following occupation from 1- 10 (1 being the best or
more preferable and 10 being the worst or least preferable) then have them discuss the ranked
occupations using comparatives and superlatives.
Suggested Occupations:
teacher
dentist
chef
waiter
plumber
doctor
actor
accountant
firefighter
policeman
B. In groups, make comparisons among the three jobs. Debate your opinion using
comparatives and superlatives. What would be the best, the worst, etc… and why?)
Ex. an actor, a teacher, and a plumber  I think being an actor would be the best
because they get paid more than a teacher or a plumber.
1. Having a job as a painter, an accountant, an astronaut.
2. Having a job as an artist, office worker, and a firefighter.
3. Having a job as a veterinarian, a chef, and a policeman.
4. Having a job as a postman, manager, and a dentist.
Lesson 4 – Running Errands
 Vocabulary : Errands
 Grammar: To have something done
 Theme: Running Errands
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
the florist’s the butcher’s the greengrocer’s the supermarket
the traveling agent’s McDonald’s the jeweler’s the vet’s
the watchmaker’s the optician’s
the doctor’s the dentist’s
the baker’s the dry cleaner’s the hairdresser’s (the barber’s)
Where do you go if you want to…
1. get fast food?
2. buy some vegetables?
3. have your eyes examined?
4. get your hair cut?
5. have some clothes cleaned?
6. buy a wedding ring?
7. buy cakes and biscuits?
8. have your teeth examined?
9. buy some meat?
10. buy some flowers?
11. get some information about traveling?
12. have your watch repaired?
13. have your pet examined?
14. get advice about your health?
15. buy a lot of small different things?
Grammar - Having Something Done
To have + object + past participle
Jill repaired the roof. (= she did it herself)
Jill had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for someone else to do it)
Sally had a picture taken of her family. (= someone else took the picture)
John has his car serviced every 3000 miles. (= he takes it to a mechanic)
Grammar Exercises and Activities
Ann is very practical and does everything herself. Bill is not so practical and has things done by
other people. Complete the sentences.
Ex. Ann checks her oil herself. Bill has his oil checked at the garage.
1. Ann checks her tires herself. Bill ____________________________________ at the garage.
2. Ann changes her oil herself. Bill ____________________________________ at the garage.
3. Ann repairs her car herself. Bill ____________________________________ at the garage.
4. Ann cleans her shoes herself. Bill _______________________________on the way to work.
5. Ann does the gardening herself. Bill ______________________________________ for him.
(Source 3 , p. 141)
What should the following people do? Make sentence with should have:
1. John’s car is running badly. (check)
2. Mary’s watch isn’t working. (repair)
3. Mike’s trousers are dirty. (clean)
4. Pete’s hair is very long. (cut)
5. John and Helen’s kitchen window is broken. (repair)
6. Tom and Janet’s new car has gone 10,000 km. (service)
7. Jim’s eyesight is getting worse. (check)
8. Sally’s tooth hurts. (check)
9. George’s pants are too long. (hem)
10. Matt has a letter that he needs to send. (send)
(Source 3 , p. 141)
Complete the sentences
1. We __________________________________ (the house / paint) at the moment.
2. How often _________________________________(you / your car / service)?
3. Your hair is too long. I think you should ______________________(it / cut).
4. ______________ (you /your newspaper / deliver) or do you go to the shop yourself to buy it?
5. What are those workmen doing in your garden? Oh, I ____________________ (a swimming
pool / build).
6. Can I see those holiday photographs you took? I’m afraid not. I _____________ (not /the film
/ developed) yet.
7. Is it true that many years ago he _________________ (his portrait / paint) by a famous artist?
(Source 6 , p. 93)
Name the profession that corresponds with the thing that you would like done.
1. I need to have my teeth cleaned. Who should I see?
2. I need to have my picture taken. Who should I see?
3. I want to have a portrait painted of me. Who should I see?
4. I need to have my dog vaccinated. Who should I see?
5. I need to have my eyes checked. Who should I see?
6. I need to have my taxes done. Who should I see?
7. I want to have my house painted. Who should I see?
8. I need to have my toilet fixed. Who should I see?
9. I need to have food cooked for my wedding. Who should I see?
10. I want to have a new house built. Who should I see?
11. I need to have a pair of paints hemmed. Who should I see?
12. I want to have songs played at my reception. Who should I see?
13. I need to have a package delivered. Who should I see?
14. I need to have my prescription filled. Who should I see?
15. I need to have my mother driven to the airport. Who should I see?
UNIT 6
Daily Life
Lesson 1 – Are You a Workaholic?
 Vocabulary : Daily Routine
 Grammar: Adjective or Adverb
 Theme: Daily Schedule
Suggested Vocabulary List:
to wake up- a se trezi
to get up – a se scula
to brush (one’s) hair – a se pieptăna
to get dressed – a se imbrăca
to brush (one’s) teeth – a se spăla pe dinţi
to wash – a spăla
to undress – a se dezbrăca
to put on shoes – a se încălţa
to take off shoes – a se descălţa
to shave – a se rade
to have breakfast – a lua dejunul
to have lunch – a lua prînzul
to have dinner – a lua cina
to rest – a se odihni
to take a shower – a face duş
to take a bath – a face baie
to go to bed – a se culca
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the word box:
face
brush
clean
study
watch
hair
eat
homework
clothes
home
morning
play breakfast
school
bed
First, I get up early at 6 o'clock in the _________ . Next, I _________ my teeth and wash my
_________ . Then, I put on my _________ and brush my _________ . After that, I eat
_________ . Next I go to _________. At school we _________ different subjects. I also
_________ with my friends at school. After school, I go _________ . At home, I _________ the
room and do my _________. Later, I _________ dinner with my family. After dinner, I
_________ TV. Finally, I go to_________ .
(Source: 11)
C. Activity Idea: Charades – On little slips of paper write different verbs from the vocabulary.
Then one student at a time must draw a verb and act it out using only mime (no sounds!). The
class then must describe what they are doing in the correct target verb tense - ex. “He is washing
his face.” (this works best for present progressive but you can use it for any tense that you want
them to practice.)
D. Activity Idea : Schedules – Using the schedules on p. 5 ask the students questions such as
“What does Mike do at 8:15? It is a good way to practice the vocabulary and check for their
comprehension. You also can review Present Simple during this exercise. Also you can write
your own schedule on the board and ask them about your own schedule. Your students will be
more interested in what you do everyday rather than a fictional Mike and Bob.
E. Discussion Questions –
1. What is your usual morning routine?
2. How are morning weekends different from weekday mornings?
3. Describe a typical day for you.
4. How does your schedule change in different seasons (winter, summer, autumn, spring)
F. Activity Idea : True/False Line – Draw a line on the floor with chalk. Mark one side of the
line ‘True’ and the other side ‘False’. Have the students line up on the line. Then you will say a
statement using the daily routine vocabulary. If it is true for them have them move to the ‘true’
side of the line, if it is false for them have them move to the ‘false’ side of the line. This practices
their listening skills and checks for comprehension and understanding of the vocabulary. (Put a
few outrageous ones to make it fun and also to see if they really understand what you are saying)
Example Statements:
1. I always get up before 8:00.
6. I make my bed everyday.
2. I never eat breakfast.
7. I sometimes dance in my kitchen.
3. I always brush my teeth in the morning.
8. I listen to music when I take a bath.
4. I watch TV every evening.
9. I like to read books
5. I often don’t do my homework.
10. I put on my shoes before I get dressed.
G. Alternative Text – This text is very easy and uses a lot of vocabulary. You can read it as a
class or another idea is to put your students into groups. Have them read the text and then write 5
questions about the text for the other groups (tell them to make them a little difficult). After all
the groups are ready, take away the text and have them ask each other their questions. If the other
group answers in correctly they get a point. Making the text a competition will have them
reading it very closely!
Ana’s Great Day
It was a Tuesday morning in April. Ana got up early. She wanted to wear her lucky blue skirt to school.
She really liked that skirt. She had a new shirt that was also blue and new shoes, too. After Ana got
dressed, she went into the kitchen, where she could smell pancakes. Ana’s father was making pancakes
and eggs. Ana loved pancakes in the morning. Ana’s mother walked into the kitchen ready for work.
Ana’s mother is a teacher at Ana’s school. Ana is in the second grade, and her mother teaches fourth
grade. Ana was excited about going to school. Her class is going to take a test to see how much they
learned that year. Ana couldn’t wait to get to school. She wanted to do her very best on the test. Ana
loved school, and she liked to make good grades. Ana ate her breakfast, and then she and her mother went
to the school. Ana went straight to her classroom. Her teacher, Ms. Browner, was already there. It was fun
to be in Ms. Browner’s class. She was a great teacher. Ana’s classmates arrived. Then they started the
test. Ana tried to remember all the things her teacher taught her that year, and tried very hard to do
everything right on the test. The test took over an hour. After the test was over, the class played outside
for a long time. Then they ate lunch. After lunch, they watched a funny movie, and then drew pictures
until it was time to go home. It was a great day!
Grammar – Adjective or Adverb?
Explanation:
ADVERBS describe a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs are used to make meaning
clearer or more exact.
ADJECTIVES describe nouns or pronouns.
Adjective
It is an easy language.
The music is slow.
He took a fast train.
Adverb
You can learn this language easily.
The pianist is playing slowly.
He speaks very fast.
To form adverbs:
adjective + ly  adverb
EX. quick + ly  quickly
bad + ly  badly
careful + ly  carefully
-y  -ily
-le  -ly
easy  easily
possible  possibly
happy  happily
simple  simply
EXCEPTIONS:

good  well (adverb)

Some words are BOTH adjectives and adverbs: fast, hard, late, early
Ex.
Ben is a fast runner. OR Ben can run fast.
Her job is very hard. OR She works very hard.
The bus was late/early. OR I went to bed late/early.
* You must use an adjective after a few verbs; to be , to feel , to taste , to smell, to look , to seem
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Fill in the blank with the adverb which corresponds to the adjective given in brackets.
For example: She did ____ in the competition. (good)
She did well in the competition.
1. I drove ____________ home. (straight)
2. We came to work ____________. (early)
3. She ____________ filled in the answers. (quick)
4. He likes to drive ____________. (fast)
5. We proceeded ______________. (cautious)
6. He threw the ball ____________ into the air. (high)
7. How __________ do you know her? (good)
8. We arrived _________. (late)
9. They did the work ___________. (bad)
10. He hit the ball ____. (hard)
ii. The gathering is held __________ . (annual)
12. They replied _____________. (immediate)
13. The workers met ____________. (weekly)
14. Please close the door _______. (quiet)
15. They were ______________ dressed for the occasion. (suitable)
(Source 12)
B. Fill in the blank with the correct word
1. James did not want to wake his girlfriend, so he left ________. (quiet, quietly)
2. I can't understand him. He doesn't speak very ________. (clearly, clear)
3. We had a ________ time in Mexico City. (greatly, great)
4. I understood the question, but I couldn't answer very ________. (quickly, quick)
5. I don't have a ________ time making friends. (hardly, hard)
6. John arrived at the airport________, and ended up missing his flight. (late, lately)
7. Ever since he met Sara, he has looked very ________. (happily, happy)
8. I can hear the ________ rain falling on the roof. (loudly, loud)
9. She is a very kind and ________ person. (gentle, gently)
10. That child behaves very ________. (badly, bad)
C. Fill in the blank with the correct word
1. My car broke down yesterday. I hope the mechanic can fix it _________(quick/quickly).
2. She dances very _________ (good/well).
3. He's an _________ (honestly/honest) man. He never lies.
4. He broke the news to her _________ (gentle/gently).
5. My cat is very _________ (quickly/quick).
6. I make new friends very _________ (easily/easy).
7. Why do you drive so _________ (quickly/quick)?
8. In the United States, food is not as _________ (expensively/ expensive) as in Europe.
9. I was _________ (complete/completely) confused by his question.
10. She always wears _________ (brightly/bright) clothes.
D. Fill in the blank with an adverb formed from the adjective given.
1. The ballerina moved around very _________ (graceful).
2. David _________ (easy) won the first race.
3. I don't know _________ (exact) how much money he makes.
4. I _________ (honest) don't know what John told his sister.
5. The singer of the band sang very _________ (bad) during the concert.
6. My friend Tom always speaks very _________ (loud).
7. You speak English very _________ (good).
8. These days I am so busy at work that I _________ (rare) have time to go out.
9. Sometimes I like to spend the day just lying in bed _________ (lazy).
10. The police officer made sure that she got home _________ (safe).
E. Choose an adjective or an adverb
1. She walked away _____________ (quick, quickly)
2. This is a ____________ train, it stops everywhere. (slow, slowly)
3. He talked very ________________ about his work. (enthusiastic, enthusiastically)
4. You drew the picture ______________. (beautiful, beautifully)
5. I have an ______________ job for you. (easy, easily)
6. She speaks English ______________. (perfect, perfectly)
7. I sing very ______________. (bad, badly)
8. Anne is a ___________ singer. (good, well)
9. Could you talk more ___________, please? (quiet, quietly)
10. I opened the door ____________ (slow, slowly)
11. She drives ________________. (dangerous, dangerously)
12. Bill is a _______________ driver. (careful, carefully)
13. Can you please repeat that more ____________? (slow, slowly)
14. Tom didn’t do very ____________ on his test. (good, well)
15. Jane is studying ____________ for the test. (hard, hardly)
(Source 3 , p. 202)
F. Choose an adjective or an adverb
1. Tom is a (quiet , quietly) boy.
2. “Where is my mistake?” she asked (quiet , quietly)
3. He walked (slow , slowly) to his room.
4. He likes (slow , slowly) trains.
5. Why is Peter so (quiet , quietly) today?
6. We spent a (quietly , quiet) day in the country.
7. John usually gets (well , good) marks.
8. You read the texts (well , good) yesterday.
9. I always buy (well , good) books.
10. Yesterday Mary read the text (good , well).
(Source 1 , p. 205)
Choose the appropriate word from the parentheses
1. Is something wrong? You don’t look very (happy , happily)
2. His legs hurt him (bad , badly).
3. She was dancing (graceful , gracefully).
4. She speaks French (fluent , fluently).
5. Do you think these colors go (good , well) together?
6. His fiancée looks (good , well).
7. I hear that you feel (strong , strongly) after the accident.
8. The movie had (hard , hardly) begun.
9. Jane was looking (attentive , attentively) at me.
10. The boy looked (admiring , admiringly) at her.
(Source 2 , p. 128)
Choose the appropriate word
1. In spite of the coming danger he remained (calm , calmly).
2. Though the dish smelled (good , well) he refused to eat saying that he wasn’t hungry.
3. She looked at me (angrily , angry) and told me to leave the room.
4. She spends a lot of money on her clothes, but always looks (cheap , cheaply).
5. Have you seen him? Yes, he looks (good , well) but he says he feels (bad , badly).
6. His cough sounds (terrible , terribly). He should see a doctor.
7. Be (quiet , quietly)! Stop talking, behave yourselves!
8. The situation looks (bad , badly). We must do something.
9. He seemed to me a bit (strange , strangely) today.
10. The fish tastes (awful , awfully). I won’t eat it.
(Source 1 , p. 211)
Complete the sentence with either the adjective given in brackets or the corresponding
adverb, as appropriate.
1. The moon appeared ____________ between the clouds. (brief)
2. He looked ______________. (happy)
3. He looked ______________ at the timetable. (attentive)
4. We felt ____________ after supper. (sleepy)
5. After the lights went out, we felt our way ____________ to our rooms. (sleepy)
6. The maple tree grew ____________. (quick)
7. The sky grew ____________. (dark)
8. He became ______________ at the thought of giving a speech. (excited)
9. She became a teacher ______________ after graduating. (immediate)
10. The pastries smelled ____________. (sweet)
11. We ____________ smelled the aroma of fresh bread. (eager)
(Source 12)
Complete the sentence with either the adjective given in brackets or the corresponding
adverb, as appropriate.
1. We ______________ concluded the deal. (successful)
2. He is a ______________ businessman. (successful)
3. There was a ___________ rain in the morning. (light)
4. She ran ____________ up the steps. (light)
5. The path was ____________ marked. (clear)
6. We gave him a ____________ signal to continue. (clear)
7. I ___________ disagree with you. (strong)
8. There is a ____________ wind from the north. (strong)
9. She waved _____________. (cheerful)
10. I gazed at the __________ water of the lake. (tranquil)
11. The engine operates as ______________ as possible. (efficient)
12. Is that a ____________ decision? (recent)
13. He has behaved very ______________. (responsible)
14. ____________ snow is forecast for tomorrow. (heavy)
15. I opened the door ____________ and stepped outside. (quiet)
16. Icicles hung from the ____________ needles of the pine trees. (dark)
(Source 12 )
Complete the sentence with either the adjective given in brackets or the corresponding
adverb, as appropriate.
1. They have a _________ front lawn. (wide)
2. He has challenged a __________ held theory. (wide)
3. Every author likes to receive ___________ book reviews. (favorable)
4. ____________ situated farms often produce higher yields than other farms. (favorable)
5. Many ______________ incomprehensible phenomena have been explained with the help of
modern science. (previous)
6. Many _____________ city councils have succeeded in balancing the budget. (previous)
7. ____________ weather conditions have prevailed for the past ten days. (unusual)
8. An ______________ large number of variables must be taken into account. (extreme)
9. ______________ few people understand the situation. (relative)
10. She wrote a ______________ short story. (humorous)
11. That was a ____________ occurring event. (frequent)
12. Our city boasts a _____________ bus service. (frequent)
13. It was a __________ Easter Sunday. (hot)
14. It was a __________ debated issue. (hot)
(Source 12)
Charades – Write different verbs on small slips of paper and put them in an envelope. Then
write different adverbs (of manner) on small slips of paper and put them in a different envelope.
Have one student come to the front of the class and draw one verb from the verb envelope and an
adverb from the adverb envelope. The student then must act out that verb in the manner of the
adverb; for example if the student draws ‘play piano’ and ‘slowly’ the student must act out
playing a piano slowly. The students must guess what he is doing as well as in what manner. ‘He
is playing the piano slowly.’ The first person to guess correctly is the next person to act out a
verb and adverb.
Pictures – Show the students action pictures. Have them describe the pictures using adverbs.
Translate:
1. Spaniolii vorbesc foarte repede.
2. Nu veni tîrziu acasă.
3. Ascultă atent ştirile.
4. Soţia mea găteşte rău, dar cîntă bine.
5. Dacă cunoşti alfabetul, vei citi uşor acest cuvînt.
6. Gîndeşte repede, vorbeşte încet.
7. M-a privit foarte bucuros.
8. A luat cu grijă copilul în braţe.
9. Ei sunt înotători buni. Ei înoată bine.
10. Acest exerciţiu este greu. El munceşte din greu.
11. Vorbeşte în public foarte bine.
Translations:
1. Spanish people speak very quickly.
2. Do not come home late.
3. Listen to the news attentively.
4. My wife cooks badly but sings well.
5. If you know the alphabet, you will read this word easily.
6. Think quickly (fast), speak slowly.
7. He looked at me gladly / happily.
8. He carefully held the baby.
9. They are good swimmers. They swim well.
10. This exercise is difficult/hard. He works hard.
11. He speaks very well in public.
(Source 1 , p. 227 / Source 2 , p. 128 – 129)
Lesson 2 – School Life
 Vocabulary : School
 Grammar: Reported Speech
 Theme: School
Suggested Vocabulary List:
Classroom Objects:
chair
desk
blackboard / chalkboard
chalk
eraser
map
backpack
School Subjects:
biology
chemistry
physics
mathematics (math)
history
computer class
physical education
geography
art
etc…
People / Places:
student (Am.) / pupil (Br.)
principal (Am.) / schoolmaster (Br.)
vice-principal (Am.)
librarian
teacher
janitor
classroom
gymnasium (gym)
teacher’s room
cafeteria
principal’s room
hallway / corridor
library
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Discussion Questions –

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Do you enjoy studying English? (...math, science, ...)
Do you ever skip class?
Have you ever been late for class? If so, why? Did the teacher get angry?
How much homework do you do every day?
Is your school strict?
What classes do you not like? Why don't you like them?
What do you like best about your school?
What do you like the least about your school?
What do you think about your English class? Your gym class?
What do you want to do after you graduate?
What's your favorite subject? Why do you like it? Who is the teacher? How many times a
week does the class meet?
Which subjects are you good at? / Which subjects are you poor at?
More Advanced:


Are there any subjects/classes you want to study but they aren’t available at your school?
Do you have difficulty with school work?

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










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Do you think teachers are paid enough?
Do you think your school is a good one? Why/why not?
Do you think your teachers give too much homework?
How much is too much homework? How should the homework load be managed?
Is it difficult for people without a college education to get good jobs where you live?
Would you consider studying abroad?
What kind of world do you think this would be if people never went to school?
Should education be free?
Does your country provide a good public school system?
What realistic changes would you make to your country's attitude toward education?
Why do students cheat during tests and exams? / How do they cheat?
What is your attitude towards cheating?
What are the dangers of cheating?
What skills separate good students from bad students?
What do you wish your teachers understood about you?
What is a "genius"?
Do you think a person can become a genius, or are they just born that way?
What do you consider to be a "smart" or "slow" person?
Are things that your school teaches you that you think are not important?
Are there things your school does not teach that you think it should?
Are school uniforms good to have? Why/why not?
Do you prefer school uniforms or casual clothes better?
(Source 10)
B. Possible Homework – In your opinion, what is a perfect school like? Describe it.
C. Possible Essay – Describe an experience you had while at school. OR Describe the most
memorable experience in your school.
Insert School Crossword
FIND TEXT ABOUT SCHOOL
Suggested Vocabulary List (2nd lesson):
VERBS
to ask
to answer
to help
to explain
to behave
to compliment
to scold
to complete
to finish
ADJECTIVES/NOUNS
attentive / inattentive
quiet / noisy
neat / messy
lazy / hardworking
disobedient / obedient
respectful / disrespectful
organized / disorganized
kind / rude
discipline
to be on time
to be absent
to be late
behavior
mistake
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Class Discussion - Discuss what a good/bad teacher is and what a good/bad student is. What
qualities do they have? Encourage the use of the vocabulary.
B. Possible Homework – Who is your favorite teacher? Why? What qualities do they have that
make them a good teacher? Are you a good student? Why or why not?
Grammar - Reported Speech :
When we tell what somebody said the verb changes to past tense
am/is/are  was, were
Bill: “I am happy.”  He said he was happy.
have/has  had
Amy: “I have a meeting at 4:00.”  She said she had a meeting at 4:00.
will  would
John: “I will be late.”  He said he would be late.
can  could
Sally: “I can drive.”  She said she could drive.
Pronouns :
I  he, she
you  I, he, she, they, them
we  they
my  his, her
your  his, her, their, my
our  their
us  them
Adverbs :
now  then
last  previous
today  that day
yesterday  the day before
(two) years ago  (two) years before
tomorrow  the following day
next week  the following week
Questions :
Yes/No Questions
use “if”
“Do you know Tim?”
He asked me if I knew Tim.
“Are you French?”
She asked me if I was French.
Questions with question words have a different word order
(question word + pronoun + verb)
NO QUESTION MARKS!!!
Monica: “Where is John?” Monica asked where John was.
I said, “when can you come?”
I asked when she could come.
DO NOT USE “DO” OR “DOES”
“What do you want?”
She asked me what I wanted.
“Where does Andrew live?” I asked him where Andrew lived.
Reported Speech :
1. ANN: “I need a car.”
2. BILL: “I have to phone Andrew.”
3. MARY: “Nobody wants to help me.”
4. HELEN: “The radio does not work.”
5. MIKE: “I like the red sweater.”
6. MARIA: “The lessons are very good.”
7. JOHN: “I do not want to study.”
8. TOM: “ I haven’t been to London.”
9. SALLY: “I am learning German.”
10. TIM: “I have a problem.”
11. JESSICA: “I will go to the store.”
12. DORINA: “I can not drive a car.”
13. ELENA: “I want a sandwich.”
14. MIKE: “I don’t want to go.”
15. ROSA: “I will come to the meeting.”
16. ROBERT: “I can help you.”
17. PETER: “I work at a bank.”
18. ANN: “I am watching TV.”
(Source 3 , p. 247)
Part 2:
1. ANN: “My feet are cold.”
2. ELENA: “My favorite holiday is Christmas.”
3. JOHN: “My mother is a doctor.”
4. HENRY: “My parents are in London.”
5. GEORGE: “She likes me.”
6. PAUL: “She will call me.”
7. BILL: “We are at the park.”
8. SUSAN: “We are celebrating Easter at our house.”
9. KATE: “They will celebrate Thanksgiving at their house.”
10. MARY: “He will be in Paris in July.”
Part 3:
1. MIKE: “I don’t want to go to the theatre tomorrow.”
2. DAVID: “I went to the library yesterday.”
3. GEORGE: “I will not be going to school next week.”
4. LUCY: “I went to a party last New Year’s Eve.
5. SUSAN: “I am watching TV now.”
6. BILL: “I went to London on vacation two years ago.”
7. JOHN: “My parents will be coming to visit next week.”
8. BOB: “I want to go for a walk today.”
9. KATE: “I want to be a ballerina next year for Halloween.”
Put these sentences in DIRECT speech:
1. Peter said he would help me.
2. Anne asked me if I needed a pen.
3. Jennifer asked me what I wanted.
4. Tom asked me if I was hungry.
5. Elena said she wanted a sandwich.
6. Scott said he did not want to go.
7. Jim asked me what time it was.
8. Bob said he didn’t go to school the day before.
9. Sally said she would go to Chişinău the following day.
10. Jennifer said she would do it then.
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
He said, "I live in Paris."
He said he lived in Paris.
He said, "I am cooking dinner."
He said he will visit London this summer.
He said he had gone to New York the week before.
He asked, “Where does your father work?
He said, "I am going to find a new job."
He said he would give Jack a call.
She asked me where I was going.
He said he could come that night.
He said, "I will buy a new car."
He said he would go to Denver the next day.
He said, "I will give Ken a call."
He said he had seen a doctor the week before.
Put the following sentences into reported speech.
Example: I never drink coffee. He said he never drank coffee.
1. I live in a large house. _________________________________________________________
2. I work in a drugstore. _________________________________________________________
3. My father speaks three languages. ________________________________________________
4. I like studying languages. ______________________________________________________
5. I need a pen. _________________________________________________________________
6. My mother cooks very well. ____________________________________________________
7. We have dinner at 8 o'clock. ____________________________________________________
8. I want to be a teacher. _________________________________________________________
9. I want to talk to you. __________________________________________________________
10. My sister helps my mother every day. ____________________________________________
11. I buy a newspaper every day. ___________________________________________________
12. I drink milk every morning. ____________________________________________________
13. We usually watch TV in the evening. ____________________________________________
14. I don't like swimming. ________________________________________________________
15. We don't sleep during the day. __________________________________________________
Put the following sentences into reported speech.
Example: I will go to the store. He said that he would go to the store.
1. I have to take an exam today. ____________________________________________________
2. My brother can speak English. ___________________________________________________
3. I am going to have a bath in the afternoon. _________________________________________
4. We have to wait for the manager. ________________________________________________
5. Ali will call you later. _________________________________________________________
6. We will have to go there again tomorrow. __________________________________________
7. I will be able to help you tomorrow. ______________________________________________
8. We can play table tennis very well. _______________________________________________
9. We are going to have dinner at a restaurant. ________________________________________
10. I have to do my homework. ____________________________________________________
11. I can use a computer. _________________________________________________________
12. I will not be able to go to work tomorrow. ________________________________________
13. You don't have to pay money in advance. _________________________________________
14. I am not going to stay up late tonight. ____________________________________________
15. You'll never see me again. _____________________________________________________
16. I can't play chess. ____________________________________________________________
17. You will not go to the passport office. ____________________________________________
18. I am not going to disturb you again. _____________________________________________
19. I will do the shopping. ________________________________________________________
20. They will not sell their house. __________________________________________________
Put the following sentences into reported speech.
Example: It is raining? He asked if it was raining.
Where did he go? She asked me where he had gone.
1. Can you help me? _____________________________________________________________
2. Do you like tea? ______________________________________________________________
3. Are you going to wash your car today? ____________________________________________
4. Is it snowing? ________________________________________________________________
5. Do you have to work so hard? ___________________________________________________
6. Were you ill last week? ________________________________________________________
7. Where do you live? ___________________________________________________________
8. What time is it? ______________________________________________________________
9. How much money are you going to spend? _________________________________________
10. What was he doing when the earthquake happened? _________________________________
11. Will your mother make a cake this evening? _______________________________________
12. How many hours a week do you work? ___________________________________________
13. What are the children doing in the kitchen? _______________________________________
14. Is there any food left? ________________________________________________________
15. Does your brother speak English? _______________________________________________
Put the following statements in reported speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She said, "I am reading." → She said that ______________________________________
They said, "We are busy." → They said that ___________________________________
He said, "I know a better restaurant." → He said that _____________________________
She said, "I woke up early." → She said that ___________________________________
He said, "I will ring her." → He said that ______________________________________
6. They said, "We have just arrived." → They said that _____________________________
7. He said, "I will clean the car." → He said that __________________________________
8. She said, "I did not say that." → She said that __________________________________
9. She said, "I don't know where my shoes are." → She said that ______________________
10. He said: "I won't tell anyone." → He said that __________________________________
(Source 18)
Put the following statements in reported speech
1. He said, "I like this song." → He said _________________________________________
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. → She asked me ___________________________
3. "I don't speak Italian," she said. → She said ____________________________________
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. → They asked me _________________________________
5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said. → He said ____________________________
6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. → She told the boys ______________________
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. → She asked him ______________
8. "I never make mistakes," he said. → He said ___________________________________
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. → He wanted to know ________________
10. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised the audience ________________________________________
(Source 18)
Put the following questions in reported speech
1. "What's the time?" he asked. → He wanted to know
2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me. → She asked me
3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him. → She asked him
4. "Where did they live?" he asked. → He wanted to know
5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her. → He asked her
6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me. → She asked me
7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked. → The teacher wanted to know
8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him. → She wanted to know
9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me. → He asked me
10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins. → The mother asked the
twins
(Source 18)
Put the following statements/questions in reported speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
"I was very tired," she said.→ She said
"Be careful, Ben," she said. → She told Ben
"I will get myself a drink," she says. → She says
"Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me. → He wondered
5. "I cannot drive them home," he said. → He said
6. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. → She asks Peter
7. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. → She asked me
8. He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her
9. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us. → He wanted to know
10. "Don't make so much noise," he says. → He asks us
(Source 18)
Reported Speech Interview – To practice reported speech, have your class interview you. One
person must ask you a question then another student must tell the rest of the class what he/she
asked. Then after you respond, the same student must tell the class what your answer was.
Encourage them to ask interesting questions about you to make it interesting; they’ll keep asking
you questions if you answer honestly! Here are some easy questions to get started with:
1. What is your name?
2. What is your favorite holiday?
3. Are you married?
4. How old are you?
5. Do you have a brother or sister?
6. What did you do yesterday?
Translator – Choose a student to be the “translator”. You must say something in Romanian or
Russian and the translator must translate for the class what you said using reported speech just
like a real translator must do. (ex. speaker: “imi place îngheţată” translator: She said she liked
ice cream.)
Lesson 3 – Citius , Altius , Fortius
 Vocabulary : Sports
 Grammar: Passive Voice
 Theme: Sports
Suggested Vocabulary
Sports:
basketball
volleyball
football / soccer (Am.)
American football
tennis
track and field
baseball
badminton
golf
Sports Equipment:
ball
net
goal
bat
racket
baseball mitt / glove
golf club
Verbs:
to throw
to catch
to kick
to pass
to make a goal
to make a basket
to run
(This is just suggested vocabulary. If your students are a little higher level focus on some
unusual sports such as rowing, billiards, bowling, etc… Also you can teach all the different
sports in the Olympics to add to the text on p. 50. Look at the following worksheets to give you
some ideas.)
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
A. Description – Have your students orally explain how to play a certain sport. Act like you
have never played the game before and ask them questions about the rules, etc… This will
increase their fluency and encourage them to use the vocabulary.
B. Discussion Questions –
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What's your favorite sport? Why do you like it? How often do you play it? How often do
you watch it?
Are you good at sports? What sports are you good at? Do you often play sports?
Do you know how to play golf?
Do you like to watch sports on TV?
Do you think athletes earn enough money, not enough money or too much money?
Do you think everybody should practice sports?
Do you think playing sports helps people work better as a team at work?
How often do you go swimming? Where do you go? Who do you go with?
How often do you ___? (play tennis, swim, go surfing, ...)
What do you think is the most popular sport in the world?
What do you think the top five most watched sports are in the world?
What is the most dangerous sport?
What is the most expensive sport?
What is the most popular sport in your country?
What is your favorite summer sport?
What is your favorite team sport?
What is your favorite winter sport?
What new sports would you like to try?
What sports do you hate to watch?
What sports do you like to play?
Which sport would you not let your child play? Why?
Who do you think is the best athlete in the world? In your country?
Who is your favorite professional athlete? Why?
If you had the opportunity to do away with any sport, what sport would you do away
with? Why?
Which Olympic sports do you like to watch on TV?
Does your country do better at the summer or the winter Olympics?
Do you think that the Olympics are important, or have there been too many negative
things (use of performance-enhancing drugs, corrupt judges) in recent history?
Why do so many people like sport?
Why are some people not interested in sport?
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Do you prefer playing or watching sports?
Do you have good or bad experiences with sports at school?
Do you think sports stars have the best life?
Who is your favourite all-time sport star?
Richard M. Nixon said: "I don't know anything that builds the will to win better than
competitive sports." Do you agree?
Would you like to play sports for a living?
How many hours of sport a week should children do at school?
What is your country’s national sport? Do you like it?
Which sport has the best, fitted and most talented athletes?
Howard Cosell said: "Sports is the toy department of human life." Do you agree?
John Wooden said: "Sports do not build character. They reveal it." Do you agree?
(Source 10 / 19)
Insert Olympics dictionary hunt
Olympic sport word game
crossword
football and basketball texts
softball text
Grammar – Passive Voice
Explanation:
The Passive Voice is formed with an appropriate tense form of the verb to be combined with the
Past Participle of the active verbs.
Example: Active Voice : They keep cows in this shed.
Passive Voice : The cows are kept in this shed.
The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
Tense
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous**
Auxiliary
am/is/are
am/is/are being
have/has been
have/has been being
Verb Form
past participle
past participle
past participle
past participle
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous**
was/were
was/were being
had been
had been being
past participle
past participle
past participle
past participle
Simple Future
Future Continuous**
Future Perfect
will (shall) be*
will (shall) be being
will (shall) have been
past participle
past participle
past participle
Future Perfect Continuous**
will (shall) have been being
past participle
** The Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future
Perfect Continuous tenses of the Passive Voice are cumbersome, and are rarely used.
In the sentences, in which the Subject is not the doer of the action but the receiver of it, the verb
is in the Passive Voice.
If the verbs are in the Present Tense, we use the present tense of the verbs to be and the
Past Participle of the verb.
Example: Tom cleans the waiting room.
The waiting room is cleaned by Tom.
If the verbs are in the Simple Past Tense we use the past tense of the verb to be and the
Past Participle of the verb.
Example: The grocer sold eggs.
Eggs were sold by the grocer.
If the verb is in the Simple Future Tense we use the future tense of the verb to be and the
Past Participle of the verb.
Example: An electric fire will warm the room.
The room will be warmed by an electric fire.
We use the Passive Voice when we are more interested in the action than in the
person or people who do the action.
Example: People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world.
The Passive Voice is generally used when the speaker is interested in the object of an
action rather than the agent:
A thief stole my car yesterday.  My car was stolen yesterday.
Someone suddenly opened the window.  The window was suddenly opened.
(Source 1 , p. 381)
Grammar Exercises and Activities
B. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice. Make the underlined words the
subjects of your passive sentences:
1. Somebody will tell you how to get there.
2. Burglars broke into our summer house.
3. They gave him a toy train for his fifth birthday.
4. They have promised me a higher salary.
5. They will teach you two foreign languages in this college.
6. Smoke filled the auditorium.
7. They offered her a better position.
8. Someone is following us.
(Source 1 , p. 388)
C. Change the sentences to use passive structure
Ex. They never buy such toys for very young children.
Such toys are never bought for very young children.
1. They forecast the weather every day.
2. Do people speak English all over the world?
3. Everybody brings textbooks to the lesson.
4. We didn’t expect rain this week.
5. They don’t grow cabbages in front of the house.
6. Parents often read books to their children at bedtime.
7. People keep animals in cages. Isn’t it awful?
8. Good pupils never do lessons late at night.
(Source 1 , p. 390)
D. Express the same in a different way
Ex. When did God create the world ? When was the world created?
1. You should include this name in the list. This name should ___________________________.
2. Don’t damage these trees: they look so beautiful! These trees shouldn’t __________________
_________________________.
3. Animals die out if people destroy their habits. Animals die out if their habitats ____________
_________________________.
4. The vet cured the dog with great difficulty. The dog _________________________________.
5. Let’s not endanger animals. Animals must not ______________________________________.
6. During the war fascists destroyed a lot of cities and villages. A lot of cities and villages
_____________________________.
(Source 1 , p. 390)
E. Choose the right form of the verbs to make the sentences complete.
A.
1. Such long bridges seldom (are built / are being built).
2. Excuse the mess. The house (is painted / is being painted).
3. I can’t give you the articles now. They (are translated / are being translated).
4. Room 47 is not ready yet. It (is cleaned / is being cleaned).
5. At the moment a new road (is built / is being built) round the city.
6. Such books (are not translated / are not being translated) very easily.
7. We are expecting guests. Tables (are laid / are being laid).
8. Your room will be ready soon. The beds (are made / are being made).
B.
1. John said they couldn’t take photos. The camera (was repaired / was being repaired).
2. When they arrived home the walls of the dining room (were painted / were being painted).
3. We couldn’t go inside. The floors (were washed / were being washed).
4. Computer games (were not played / were not being played) when I was your age.
5. Last summer this edition of the novel (was not sold / was not being sold).
6. When Mr. Brown phoned, the article still (was translated / was being translated).
7. When I lived in Germany, newspapers (were brought / were being brought) to us early in the
morning.
8. I entered the hotel at 8:00. Everybody was busy. Rooms (were prepared / were being prepared)
for the arriving guests.
(Source 1 , p. 391)
F. Choose the correct grammar from to translate a predicate:
1. Această casă a fost construită anul trecut.
a. was being built b. was been built c. was built
2. Acum aici se construieşte un supermarket nou.
a. is being built
b. is building
c. is built
3. Profesorul a lămurit (a fost lămurită) tema nouă în această săptămînă.
a. had been explained b. was explained
c. has been explained
4. Noua clădire a universităţii a fost deja construită cînd eu am intrat la facultatea de drept.
a. was build
b. has been built
c. had been built
5. Pămîntul era acoperit cu zăpadă.
a. was being covered
b. was covered
c. had been covered
6. Ei încă n-au fost invităti.
a. were not invited
b. had not been invited
c. have not been invited.
(Source 1 , p. 391 – 392)
G. Complete the sentences. Use the Passive of these verbs
1. The room _____________ (clean) every day.
2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people _____________ (take) to hospitals.
3. Paper ___________ (make) from wood.
4. There was a fire last week. Two of the rooms ____________ (burn) down.
5. “Where did you get this picture?” It ___________ (give) to me by a friend of mine.
6. Many Americans programs _______________ (show) on British television.
7. “Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No. They _________ (invite) but they didn’t go.”
8. “How old is this film?” “It ____________ (make) in 1965.”
9. My car __________ (steal) last week but the next day it _____________ (find by the police.
(Source 1 , p. 393)
H. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences
1. I can’t use my office at the moment. It __________________ (paint).
2. We didn’t go to the party. We ___________________ (not invite).
3. The washing machine was broken but it’s OK now. It ______________ (repair).
4. The washing machine ____________ (repair) yesterday afternoon.
5. A factory is a place were things ______________ (make).
6. How old are these houses? When _______________ (they / build) ?
7. I’ve never seen these flowers before. What ___________________ (they / call)?
8. Some trees _______________ (blow) down in the storm last night.
9. The bridge is closed at the moment. It _______________ (damage last week and it
____________ (not repair) yet.
(Source 1 , p. 393 – 394)
I. Turn the following from Active Voice into Passive Voice:
1. Tim opens the door.
2. Mary helps the teacher.
3. The porter takes the luggage to the train.
4. Mrs. Priestley welcomes the visitors.
5. Susan brings in the coffee.
6. I finish my work about five o’clock.
7. Susan washes the dishes.
8. Lucille drives the car.
9. Sir Joseph Binks gives Tom a small check.
10. Mr. Priestley brings some students for tea.
11. Hob tells the students about Uncle Tom.
12. My friend takes me to the cinema.
13. Hob sends some cigarettes to Uncle Albert.
14. Her brother and sisters meet Frieda at the station.
15. We use your books in our class.
(Source 1 , p. 394)
J. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Active Voice to the
corresponding tenses in the Passive Voice.
For example: The teenager rowed the boat. The boat was rowed by the teenager.
1. The woman founded the club.
2. This entry took the prize.
3. The girl is playing the guitar.
4. The mailman has delivered the letter.
5. The chauffeur can drive the car.
6. The child chose the hat.
7. The cat chased the mouse.
8. The workers will weave the carpet.
9. The stranger could have bought the hiking boots.
10. The dealer has sold the car.
11. The dog splashed the water.
12. The man has watered the garden.
13. The girl is riding the horse.
14. The student has prepared the lunch.
15. The president will thank the members.
(Source 12)
J. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Passive Voice to the
corresponding tenses in the Active Voice.
For example: The news was heard by everyone. Everyone heard the news.
1. The bill was paid by the manager.
2. The bread was made by the baker.
3. The wiring must be checked by the electrician.
4. The crow was being scolded by the squirrel.
5. The book was written by a doctor.
6. The house was painted by a student.
7. The seeds were taken by the chickadee.
8. The cider has been drunk by the guest.
9. The mail is opened by the secretary.
10. The ingredients have been measured by the cooks.
11. The bird was seen by the photographers.
12. His work will be published by the magazine.
13. The orders were followed by the officials.
14. The money is being counted by the cashier.
15. The ducks have been fed by the tourists.
(Source 12)
K. Complete the following sentences using the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Passive
Voice of the verbs shown in brackets.
For example: She ordered that the most important details ______ known. (to make)
She ordered that the most important details be made known.
1. They demand that the change of plans _____________ at nine o'clock. (to announce)
2. We ask that permission to compete ____________ to everyone. (to grant)
3. It is important that their accomplishments ____________. (to recognize)
4. It is crucial that we _____________ of any change. (to advise)
5. He asks that his affairs ____________ in order. (to put)
6. They requested that their qualifications ______________. (to accept)
7. We insist that he not _____________ his rights. (to deny)
8. It is necessary that the requirements _____________. (to meet)
9. She requests that the most experienced candidate ___________. (to choose)
10. It is recommended that care __________ in making the repairs. (to take)
11. He insists that smoking ______________. (to forbid)
12. It is essential that supplies _____________ well in advance. (to order)
13. He advises that the plane ________ at a high altitude. (to fly)
(Source 12)
L. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form)
arrest
spend
wake
drive
knock
find
check
make
translate
carry
1. A decision will not ________________ until the next meeting.
2. That building is dangerous. It ought to _______________ down before it falls down.
3. When you go through customs, your luggage may ________________ by a customs officer.
4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to __________________ up at 6:30.
5. Her new book will probably _________________ into a number of foreign languages.
6. If you kicked a policeman, you’d _______________________.
7. Police are looking for the missing boy. He can’t ________________ anywhere.
8. Do you think that less money should ___________________ on arms?
9. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _______________________.
10. I don’t mind driving but I prefer to ___________________ by other people.
(Source 6 , p. 85)
M. Write the passive verbs in the correct tenses
1. Potatoes ________________ to Europe from South America in the 1500s. (bring)
2. Your class __________________ by Mrs. Nash on Monday next week. (teach)
3. Five hundred years ago, Latin _______________ by people all over Europe. (speak)
4. I’m working at home today because my office _________________ . (paint)
5. Someone’s been using my desk – all my papers ________________. (move)
6. ‘Two’ and ‘too’ __________________ the same. (pronounce)
7. ‘Frankenstein’ ___________________ by Mary Shelley. (write)
8. Butter ________________ from milk. (made)
9. Last night two men __________________ in a fight in a nightclub. (kill)
10. One day all our work __________________ by machines. (do)
11. Don’t look now, but I think we ____________________ . (follow)
12. Hello, police? I’d like to report a theft. My handbag ____________________. (steal)
13. ‘Why did you take the bus?’ ‘My car ______________________. (repair)
14. English ____________________ as a second language by millions of people. (speak)
15. ‘There’s nobody here.’ ‘No, all the students _________________ home. (send)
(Source 3 , p. 104)
PASSIVE OR ACTIVE?
N. Choose the correct answer
1. English speaks / spoken / is spoken in Australia.
2. I studied / was studied French for three years at school.
3. We spent / we spent too much money on holiday.
4. This window broke / was broken by your little boy.
5. Her clothes made / are made in Paris.
6. This book written / was written by my brother.
7. The new university will open / will opened / will be opened by the Prime Minister.
8. Ann was driving / was driven much too fast, and she stopped / was stopped by the police.
9. Derek posted / was posted his letter to the university today.
10. We did a lot of work for the school, but we didn’t pay / weren’t paid.
11. My friend Douglas speaks / is spoken seven languages.
12. The letter H doesn’t pronounce / isn’t pronounced in French.
13. A new hospital will build / will be built in the town center.
14. You can’t come in here – the room is cleaning / is being cleaned.
15. We have invited / have been invited to John’s party tonight.
(Source 3 , p. 94 / 104)
O. Put each verb into the simple present passive or active
Gorilla (find) __________________ in several countries in central Africa. They are about 1.6
meters tall, and they (cover) _______________ with black or brown hair. Gorillas’ lives (spend)
______________ in groups. Each group (have) _______________ five to ten gorillas in it. The
gorillas in a group (walk) ______________ about 0.5 to 1.0 km per day, looking for food. They
(not eat) _______________ all the leaves in one part of the forest before moving on; some leaves
(leave) ___________________ on the trees and plants. At night gorillas (sleep) _____________
in nests; these nests (make) __________________ of branches and leaves. The number of
gorillas living in Africa today (not know) ___________________, but it is certain that this
number is getting smaller. Why? Because in the countries where the gorillas (live) ___________,
more and more trees (cut down) __________________ every year.
(Source 3 , p. 103)
P. Have your students draw a small picture for each sentence to show the difference
between the two sentences
1. The policeman helped the old lady.
The policeman was helped by the old lady.
2.The car hit a tree.
The car was hit by a tree.
3. Annie loves all dogs.
Annie is loved by all the dogs.
4. The Queen photographed the tourists.
The Queen was photographed by the tourists.
(Source 3 , p. 94)
Q. Text Activity – After reading the text, have your students underline / find all passive voice
being used in the text.
R. Translate: (using the passive voice)
1. Cînd a fost construită noua clădire a universităţii voastre?
2. Dacă el nu vine, această întrebare nu va fi discutată.
3. Află, te rog, dacă au fost deja cumpărate biletele la teatru.
4. Nu vă neliniştiţi. Totul va fi făcut la timp.
5. Toţi au fost invitaţi în sala mare.
6. Aceste reviste trebuie să fie întoarse la bibliotecă săptămînă viitoare.
7. La lecţiile noastre sa acordă o mare atenţie pronunţării.
8. Copiii au fost lăsaţi singuri acasă.
9. Toţi o să fiţi invitaţi în sală şi o să vi se spună despre schimbările din program şcolară.
10. Această povestire a fost discutată la lecţia de literatură.
11. El a fost educat de către sora sa.
12. Cînd mă voi întoarce acasă, masa se va pregăti.
13. În raionul nostru se construieşte o şcoală.
14. Unde va fi construit noul spital?
15. Acest manual se vinde în multe magazine.
16. Acest roman nu a fost încă tradus în limba romană.
17. Lucrarea va fi terminată astăzi.
18. Ai fost invitat la petrecere?
19. Raportul a fost ascultat cu interes.
20. În satul nostru se construieşte o şcoală nouă.
21. Această carte a fost publicată în străinătate în secolul trecut.
22. Apartamentele sunt dotate cu apă caldă şi rece.
23. Ţi s-au arătat greşelile (pe care le-ai făcut)?
Translations:
1. When was your university’s new building built?
2. If he does not come, this question will not be discussed.
3. Please find out if the theatre tickets were already bought.
4. Do not worry. Everything will be done on time.
5. Everyone was invited to the great hall.
6. These magazines must be returned to the library next week.
7. Great attention to pronunciation is given at our lessons.
8. The children were left alone at home.
9. Everyone will be invited to the great hall and they will be told about the changes in the school
program.
10. This story was discussed at the literature lesson.
11. He was educated by his sister.
12. When I return home, the table will be prepared.
13. A school is being built in our district/region.
14. Where will the new hospital be built?
15. This textbook is sold in many stores.
16. This novel hasn’t been translated into Romanian yet.
17. The work will be finished today.
18. Have you been invited to the party?
19. The report was being listened to with interest.
20. A new school is being built in our village.
21. This book was published abroad in the last century.
22. The apartments are provided with cold and hot water.
23. have you been shown your mistakes?
(Source 1 , p. 395 – 397 / Source 7 , p. 48)
Lesson 4 – The Magic of Christmas
 Vocabulary : Christmas
 Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
 Theme: Christmas
Vocabulary Exercises and Activities
Christmas Story Starters – Have your students write Christmas stories using one of these story
starters
1. The snow was falling on Christmas Eve and we heard some bells in the distance.....
2. Christmas is a time to.....
3. My family always likes to......
4. The presents were all wrapped in pretty bows, Johnny decided to....
5. The children were asleep on Christmas Eve when....
6. It was an icy evening and I just had a funny feeling.....
7. Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells.....
8. My favorite Christmas memory is...
9. It is a tradition in my family to...
10. Once upon a time Santa began to...
11. ______ put a package under the tree. I looked for a long time and ....
12. If I had one wish for Christmas it would be....
13. Dear Santa....I am not writing for myself, I would like you to....
14. I love to give to others because....
15. If I could give the world a gift at Christmas it would be....
16. Rudolph was ready to help Santa when....
17. "The toys are all gone", cried the elves.....
18. The first Christmas I remember was.....
19. I was reading a book by the fireplace when I heard bells and footsteps on the roof....
20. The candy canes were hanging from the tree when they started to....
21. Dear Santa, I made these cookies for you because...
22. Dear Family, my Christmas wish for you is....
23. I love the holidays because....
24. The best thing about Christmas is ______because.....
25. T'was the night before Christmas and .....
(Source 23)
Discussion Questions –
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What is Christmas?
Is Christmas the same today as it was 100 years ago?
What’s the best Christmas you’ve ever had?
Is there anything stressful about Christmas?
Have your feelings towards Christmas changed since you were a child?
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What do you usually do on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day?
What is your favorite Christmas song?
What do you know about Santa Claus?
What does Christmas mean to you?
Is Christmas too commercial nowadays?
Should people go to church at Christmas?
Is it important to buy presents at Christmas?
What do you usually eat at Christmas?
Do you think Christmas is the best holiday of the year?
How should a very traditional Christmas be spent?
What do you want for Christmas?
What do you dislike about Christmas?
Would you like to spend Christmas in another country?
(Source 19)
Song Dictations – Use any Christmas carol for a song dictation. Have them fill in blanks, put the
lines in order, make a list of vocabulary words they hear, etc…
Grammar – Phrasal Verbs
1. A phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning different from
the original verb.
Example:
I ran into my teacher at the movies last night. run + into = meet
He ran away when he was 15. run + away = leave home
2. Some phrasal verbs are intransitive. An intransitive verb cannot be followed by an object.
Example:
He suddenly showed up. "show up" cannot take an object
3. Some phrasal verbs are transitive. A transitive verb can be followed by an object.
Example:
I made up the story. "story" is the object of "make up"
4. Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable. The object is placed between the verb and the
preposition. In this Phrasal Verb Dictionary, separable phrasal verbs are marked by placing a *
between the verb and the preposition / adverb.
Example:
I talked my mother into letting me borrow the car.
She looked the phone number up.
5. Some transitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. The object is placed after the preposition. In this
Phrasal Verb Dictionary, inseparable phrasal verbs are marked by placing a + after the
preposition / adverb.
Example:
I ran into an old friend yesterday.
They are looking into the problem.
6. Some transitive phrasal verbs can take an object in both places. In this Phrasal Verb
Dictionary, such phrasal verbs are marked with both * and + .
Example:
I looked the number up in the phone book.
I looked up the number in the phone book.
7. WARNING! Although many phrasal verbs can take an object in both places, you must put the
object between the verb and the preposition if the object is a pronoun.
Example:
I looked the number up in the phone book.
I looked up the number in the phone book.
I looked it up in the phone book. correct
I looked up it in the phone book. incorrect
*On these two sites there is a dictionary of all the phrasal verbs:
http://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.html
http://www.eslcafe.com/pv/
Grammar Exercises and Activities
A. Use the following verbs (believe, fill, get, look, put, switch, take, throw, turn, try) and the
prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, out) an form meaningful sentences.
Example: My parents are out. So I have to _________ my baby-brother.
Answer: My parents are out. So I have to look after my baby-brother.
1) Quick! ____________ the bus. It's ready to leave.
2) I don't know where my book is. I have to ____________ it.
3) It's dark inside. Can you __________ the light, please?
4)____________ the form, please.
5) I need some new clothes. Why don't you __________ these jeans?
6) It's warm inside. ____________ your coat.
7) This pencil is really old. You can____________ it ____________.
8) It's so loud here. Can you _______________ the radio a little.
9) The firemen were able to ___________ the fire in Church Street.
10) Does your little brother _____________ ghosts?
B. Complete the sentences using the missing words: away, back , off, down
1. He came home, took __________ his shoes and changed his clothes.
2. Can I ask you to take this bicycle ______________ to Peter?
3. I was surprised to see how much the boy took ___________ his father.
4. We’ve got to take ________ all the portraits in the classroom and dust them _________.
5. I don’t need the magazines anymore, you can take them ___________.
6. Look, the plane is going to take __________.
7. What are all these books doing here? Why don’t you take them ___________ to the bookcase?
8. There are a few words that I want to take ________.
9. The king ordered to take the boy __________ and punish him.
(Source 1 , p. 593)
C. Complete the sentences using the right word: back, out, away, up
1. Where is your collection of badges? -Oh, I’ve given it ___________. I’m not interested in
badges anymore.
2. My friend Lisa said she would never give ___________ singing. And I think she is right.
3. I want to ask Mike to give me my bicycle ___________. I’d like to ride it after school.
4. Who can help me to give this food __________?
5. Please, don’t give __________ the idea of joining our basketball team. You are one of the best
players I’ve ever met.
6. She always gives _____________ old newspapers and magazines after she has read them.
7. Have you given the books _____________ to the library yet?
8. My father gave _____________ skiing after he broke his leg.
(Source 1 , p. 593 – 594)
D. Complete the sentences using the missing words: up, out, off
1. She is a very strange girl, I can’t make her ___________.
2. The boy gave the letter to Sherlock Holmes and made ___________.
3. I don’t like it when young girls make themselves ___________.
4. Do you know what wonderful poem Ted made ___________ for Christmas?
5. Please, make it __________ with your brother. You both look so upset.
6. I don’t believe you. You’ve made it all ____________.
7. Don’t make __________. I’ve got something to tell you.
8. Let’s make him _________ as a pirate, dress him in a pirate costume and ask him to sing a
loud pirate song.
(Source 1 , p. 594)
E. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box
take off
make off
take away
give away
take back
give back
give up
make up
1. Bill, _________ _________ your hat when you enter the room.
2. He asked to __________ him ___________ the money I had borrowed.
3. Don’t forget to ___________ the bike __________ to Helen.
4. I think you should ____________ ___________ the idea of going there. It’s too dangerous.
5. Hurry up! The plane is __________ __________ in half an hour.
6. If you are not going to eat the salad I’ll ___________ it __________.
7. The story Nick __________ ___________ was the best.
8. He took a gun and __________ __________.
9. If you are not going to collect stamps anymore, ___________ your collection _________ to
your little brother.
10. If you can’t do this crossword at once, don’t _______ ________, try it again!
(Source 1 , p. 594)
F. Complete the sentences using the missing words: over , to , on , off , along , up , away
1. Jack always gets __________ early; he is a farmer and has a lot of work to do.
2. Ladies and gentlemen, I think it’s time to get down ________ business.
3. I’m afraid that our secret can get __________.
4. Does she get ________ well with her classmates?
5. If you’re going to the Tower you should get __________ at the next stop.
6. Hello! How are you getting _______?
7. Don’t let him get _________ with my bike!
8. The old lady got _______ of the car with difficulty.
9. That news was a real shock and we still can’t get __________ it.
10. Get __________ the bus near London Bridge and go as far as Trafalgar Square.
(Source 1 , p. 594 – 595)
G. Fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow with : turn, rush, do, run, get, set
1. In a warm room ice soon ______ into water.
2. I’m afraid we’ll have to __________ with these books. These are as many as I’ve got.
3. I’m afraid the news has been a bit of shock for Laura. She still can’t _______ over it.
4. Poor Joe didn’t say anything, he got very red in the face and ______ out of the room.
5. When I go somewhere with my granny I always help her to _________ on and off the bus.
6. It’s seven o’clock, it’s time for us to _______ off. Our train leaves in an hour.
7. I _________ the bag inside out looking for the key, but never found it.
8. I don’t like it when people __________ their friends down.
9. I think you should ________ your room before your party.
10. What’s happening? Why are these children _______ in and out of the classrooms?
(Source 1 , p. 598)