Download Biology Fall Final Review Name Lab Safety, Nature of Science

Biology Fall Final Review
Name __________________________________________
Lab Safety, Nature of Science, Characteristics of Life
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Know all lab safety rules.
What is this scientific method?
List the steps of the scientific method.
Know the following terms: hypothesis, data, observation, inference, quantitative, qualitative, control, variable.
Understand the difference between independent variables and dependent variables.
Be able to identify independent and dependent variables in experimental scenarios.
Identify the stimulus and the response in a situation.
Know the characteristics of all living the things.
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What organisms have prokaryotic cells? What organisms have eukaryotic cells?
Ecology
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Know the following terms: competition, predation, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
Be able to identify examples of the symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
Understand how energy flows through a food chain/web.
Be able to identify organisms as autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Define decomposer and give examples of organisms capable of decomposition.
Know the difference between carnivore, omnivore, and herbivore.
What is a limiting factor? What is the carrying capacity of a habitat?
List the organization of living things: organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Know where each of the following is located in a food chain/web: producer, primary consumer, secondary
consumer, tertiary consumer.
20. Define the following terms and their differences: primary succession and secondary succession.
21. Describe in which situations primary succession will occur vs. when secondary succession occurs.
22. Be able to describe what is being illustrated in an energy pyramid.
Kingdoms and Classification
23. Know the major characteristics of all six kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia.
24. Know which kingdoms fall under each domain: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
25. Be able to identify major cell parts of both plant and animal cells.
26. Know the function of the following organelles: nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, lysosomes, ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria, golgi bodies.
27. Be able to identify the major parts of protists (amoeba, paramecium, euglena): pseudopod, cilia, eyespot,
macro- and micronucleus, food vacuoles, eyespot, flagella, chloroplast.
28. Be able to identify the major parts of a fungus: hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body.
29. Identify the three bacteria shapes and know their names.
30. Know the definition and function of pili in bacteria.
31. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction in bacteria (and know the terms for each- binary fission
and conjugation).
32. Describe the three types of archaebacteria: methanogens, thermoacidophiles, and halophiles.
33. Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
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Understand why viruses are not considered a “living organism.”
Be able to identify the two major parts that make up a virus.
Know the ways through which viruses are able to reproduce. Lytic vs. Lysogenic cycles.
What is the host cell in reference to virus reproduction?
What are the general characteristics of all plants?
Know the function of the cuticle in plants.
Define transpiration. Where does this take place?
Compare and contrast Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Be able to distinguish between nonvascular and vascular plants.
Describe how water travels in nonvascular plants vs. vascular plants.
Know the order in which plant structures evolved.
Define the following terms: rhizoids, xylem, phloem, seed, stomata, root, leaf.
Be able to list the correct sequence of taxonomic levels from Species to Kingdom OR Kingdom to Species.
Analyze a cladogram in order to identify ancestral traits, relationships, and derived traits.
Cell Functions and Processes
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Understand the overall process of photosynthesis.
Be able to identify the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
Understand the overall process of cellular respiration.
Be able to identify the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
List the three major steps of cellular respiration (in order) and know how many ATP are produced at each step.
What happens in glycolysis?
Know where each step of cellular respiration takes place: glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
What takes place if oxygen is absent after glycolysis?
What is the total amount of ATP produced after glycolysis, krebs cycle, and ETC take place?
Be able to identify in which organisms photosynthesis takes place.
Be able to identify in which organisms cellular respiration takes place.
Animals
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Know your terms of direction: anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral.
Define the following terms: asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry.
Distinguish between a vertebrate and an invertebrate.
Be able to identify examples of vertebrates and invertebrates.
Describe the general characteristics of the eight invertebrate phyla.
Provide an example of an animal from each of the eight invertebrate phyla.
Describe the general characteristics of the seven chordate groups.
Provide an example of an animal from each of the seven chordate groups.
More Invertebrate Review
Match the phyla to the following descriptions: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda,
Mollusca, Echinodermata.
71. A very simple animal who lives on the bottom of the ocean. It obtains oxygen by filtering water through
it’s pores, that is why it is called a sessile filter-feeder. _____________________________
72. The tillers of gardens, earthworms have the special ability to re-grow segments they’ve lost. Their segments also
help them move efficiently. Leeches are also part of this group. ___________________________
73. Ranging in speed from the slow-moving slug to the jet-propelled squid, and including yummy
morsels like scallops, calamari, and clams, these ocean living creatures feature bilateral symmetry, a
soft internal body, a digestive tract with two opening, a muscular foot and a mantle.
_______________________
74. The most common animal in the world, with 20,000 species known and possibly 100 times as many undiscovered,
this worm phyla can live in the dirt, inside humans or on plants. Veterinarians prescribe Heartguard to dogs
to prevent these worms from infesting dog’s hearts. Hookworms infest people in warm climates, however
pinworms are the most common for the United States. Their body shape is round and long.
______________________
75. The bane of swimmers the world over, this ocean living creature is known for it’s stinging cells. It spends its life in
the polyp stage followed by the medusa stage. ____________________________
76. Some in this phyla are gross if you find them in your bed or on your dog, while some are good
eatin’ on a summer day in Maryland or at the Marietta Fish Market. They have jointed appendages,
segmented bodies, and hard shells called exoskeletons. _________________________
77. This phylum consists of thin, flat, acoelomate animals that can be free-living or parasitic. They have no
coelom or cavities, but that doesn’t mean 4 out of 5 dentists approve. Tapeworms and flukes are included in
this phylum which adds to their gross factor. __________________________
78. Cool things to look at in the sea, but a high ouch factor if you step on their spiny, sharp bodies, this
phylum features tube feet and a water-vascular system. Though some might be called ‘dollars’ and ‘stars’
they should not be confused with Benjamins or constellations. ________________________
Important Diagrams
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