Download Strand IV Cell Chemistry and Biotechnology

Strand IV Cell Chemistry and Biotechnology
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. An enzyme
a. is not used up when catalyzing a reaction.
b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
c. bonds with a substrate molecule at the enzyme’s active site.
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following conditions affects the function of enzymes?
a. pH
c. enzyme concentration
b. heat
d. All of the above
3. The cell membrane
a. encloses the contents of a cell.
b. allows materials to enter and leave the cell.
c. is selectively permeable.
d. All of the above
4. Phospholipids are molecules that
a. contain phosphate.
b. have nonpolar “tails” and polar “heads.”
c. form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
d. All of the above
5. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored.
This space is called the
a. mitochondrion.
c. Golgi apparatus.
b. chloroplast.
d. vacuole.
6. All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except
a. a cell wall.
c. mitochondria.
b. a cell membrane.
d. endoplasmic reticulum.
7. Genetic engineering refers to the process of
a. creating new DNA molecules from nucleotide sequences.
b. rearranging nucleotides in a gene of an organism so that new traits appear in the
development of an embryo.
c. moving genes from a chromosome of one organism to a chromosome of a different
organism.
d. building a new species by combining genes of different organisms.
8. The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria
a. is impossible with current technology.
b. causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial proteins.
c. results in the formation of a new species of organism.
d. allows the bacteria to produce human proteins.
9. Which of the following is not an example of gene technology used in farming?
a. the use of cow growth hormone produced by bacteria to increase milk production in cows
b. the development of larger and faster-growing breeds of livestock
c. the cloning of human brain cells from selected farm animals
d. the addition of human genes to farm-animal genes to obtain milk containing human
proteins
____ 10. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. viruses are protected inside their host cells.
b. viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c. antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes that viruses do not perform.
d. viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
Short Answer
11. Genetic engineering has made it possible for pharmaceutical companies to produce medicines such as insulin
and human growth hormone. Give at least two reasons why this is important.
12. Antibiotics are generally effective against bacterial infections but cannot be used to treat viral infections. Why
is this the case?
Strand IV Cell Chemistry and Biotechnology
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
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2. ANS:
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3. ANS:
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4. ANS:
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5. ANS:
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6. ANS:
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10. ANS:
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D
IV.10.1
D
IV.10.1
D
IV.10.1
D
IV.10.1
D
IV.10.1.D 27
A
IV.10.1.D 27
C
IV.10.3
D
IV.10.3
C
IV.10.3
C
IV.10.2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 2.4.3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 2.4.3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3.2.4
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3.2.4
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3.3.4
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3.3.4
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 11.1.1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 11.1.1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 11.3.2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 20.2.4
ESSAY
11. ANS:
The production of genetically engineered medicines is important because
a. large amounts of medicines can be produced.
b. it is safer—the process eliminates risk of contamination from diseases such as AIDS in human blood
products.
c. it is less expensive.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
OBJ: 11.2.2
STA: IV.10.3
12. ANS:
Antibiotics work by interfering with cell wall formation or cellular processes such as protein synthesis. Some
antibiotics can cause disruption of the cell membrane. All of these actions can negatively affect the survival of
bacteria. However, since viruses do not undergo cellular processes, they are not influenced by the actions of
antibiotics. Thus, antibiotic treatment is ineffective against viral infections.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
OBJ: 20.2.4
STA: IV.10.2