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Astronomy 2nd Semester Exam Review:
Name: ____________________
Period _____ Date: __________
Stars:
Define:
1. Absolute magnitude
2. Apparent magnitude
3. Black body curve
4. Black hole
5. Chandrasekhar limit
6. Event horizon
7. Interstellar cloud
8. Inverse square law
9. Luminosity
10. Neutron star
11. Protostar
12. Pulsars
13. Red giant
14. Quasars
15. Schwarzschild radius
16. Scintillation
17. Supergiant
18. White dwarf
Answer the following questions:
19. Draw and describe the nuclear fusion reaction?
20. What stellar properties can you identify from visually looking at a star?
21. Using absolute magnitude, which star is brighter? Star A= 5 Star B = - 5
22. What is the absolute magnitude of the sun?
23. Why would astronomers use absolute magnitude?
24. How are elements heavier than iron made in a star?
25. Describe the life span of high-mass stars.
26. Describe the life span of low-mass stars.
The Sun:
Define:
27. Chromosphere
28. Core
29. Corona
30. Coronal hole
31. Convection zone
32. Granulation
33. Hydrostatic equilibrium
34. Photosphere
35. Radiation zone
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Astronomy 2nd Semester Exam Review:
Name: ____________________
Period _____ Date: __________
36. Solar wind
37. Prominences
38. Solar flares
39. Sunspots
Answer the following questions:
40. Draw or describe the life cycle of the sun. Give a time line…
41. How has the sun changed over time?
42. What stage of stellar evolution is our sun in at this time?
43. How old is the sun?
44. Draw and label the layers of the sun.
45. What forces are at work in the sun? List the inward and outward forces which are in
balance.
46. Which state of matter is the sun?
H-R Diagram:
47. Draw and label the H-R Diagram.
48. Who made the H-R Diagram?
49. Where is the sun located in the diagram?
50. What is measured on each axis?
51. What is the star classification system from hot to cold stars?
Solar System:
Define:
52. inertia
53. The Nebular Hypothesis
54. Define and give examples for each:
55. Conduction
56. Convection
57. planetesimals
58. Radiation
Earth:
Define:
59. auroras
60. Combustion
61. Outgassing
62. Ozone
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Astronomy 2nd Semester Exam Review:
Name: ____________________
Period _____ Date: __________
Answer the following questions:
63. Draw and describe the layers of the earth.
64. What elements make up each layer?
65. What is the greenhouse effect?
66. What gases absorb heat in our atmosphere?
67. What is produced by interactions between the sun’s photons and the earth’s magnetic
fields?
68. What keeps the earth’s atmosphere warm?
69. What caused the large scale changes on the earth’s surface over the last 100 million
years?
Inner planets:
Define:
70. craters
Answer the following questions:
71. Why is Mercury difficult to see from the earth?
72. Why are Mars volcanoes larger than earths?
73. List distinctive characteristics of Mercury, Venus and Mars.
74. What characteristics do the inner planets share?
75. What causes impact craters?
Outer planets:
76. Why do the outer planets have so few heavy elements in their atmospheres?
77. List distinctive characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
78. What characteristics do the outer planets share?
Other objects in the solar system:
Define:
79. Asteroid(s)
80. Asteroid belt
81. Comet(s)
82. Kuiper Belt
83. Meteor
84. Meteorite
85. Meteoroid
86. Meteor shower
87. Oort Cloud
88. Planetesimals
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Astronomy 2nd Semester Exam Review:
Name: ____________________
Period _____ Date: __________
Answer the following questions:
89. What are the different types of meteorites?
90. Draw a picture showing a comet and its parts and directionality and orbital path.
Exoplanets:
91. What evidence do Exoplanets provide that have changed the nebular hypothesis?
Space Exploration:
92. What is the name of the American Space Program? (know abbreviation and meaning)
93.
Mercury Program
a. Number of passengers:
b. Purpose:
94.
Gemini Program:
a. Number of passengers:
b. Purpose:
95.
Apollo Program:
a. Number of passengers:
b. Purpose:
96.
Skylab program:
a. Number of passengers:
b. Purpose:
97.
International Space Station Program
a. Number of passengers:
b. Purpose:
98. List at least 5 developments of technology from space exploration programs:
99. Name of first object (satellite) in orbit around the earth?
100. Name of the first man in space?
101. Name of the first woman in space?
102. Name of the first American in space?
103. Name of the first American woman in space?
104. Name of the first person on the moon?
105. Name of the German who was in charge of the manned space program in the
USA?
106. Name of the current space station?
107. What is Mir?
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