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MRS. CONWAY, AP STATISTICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
SENIOR FINAL EXAM
The final exam will be comprised of multiple choice questions and short answer questions. The
format of your final will be the same format as all of your previous tests and your midterm. You
will be able to use the same formula sheet that is provided on the AP Statistics exam. The best
way to review for your test is to review problems from your old tests. Many questions on your
final will be similar to questions from your old tests. The material from the second semester
will be approximately two thirds of the exam and the material from the first semester will be
approximately one third of the exam. Since inference will be one of the most prevalent topics
on the exam (it was covered in Chapter 10 through 14 of your textbook and was the material
we covered almost all of second semester), I am attaching a document with twelve additional
practice problems on inference. The answers to these review questions are also posted. You
can expect that there will be problems that are similar to these review problems on your test.
Below, I’ve included the list of topics that we have covered this year and well as the
corresponding textbook chapters.
AP Statistics topics covered during the 2010 -2011 school year:
Unit 1: Exploring Data, YMS Chapter 1
Graphing and Numerical Distributions
Identify variables as categorical or quantitative
Construct and interpret graphical displays of univariate data: dotplots, stemplots, pie charts,
histograms, bar charts, ogives, box-and-whisker plots, and cumulative frequency charts
Describe distributions using shape, center, spread and outliers
Summarize distributions with relative location and position
Look for overall skewness and patterns in a distribution
Give appropriate numerical measures of central tendency and dispersion
Compare distributions graphically
Use TI graphing calculator to obtain summary statistics including the 5 number summary
Use TI graphing calculator to create charts and box-whisker-plots
Unit 2: The Normal Distribution, YMS Chapter 2
Density Curves and the Normal Distribution; Standard Normal Calculations
Compute and interpret the standardized value (z-score) of a data point
Calculate the proportion of values above, below, or between a stated number(s) given a stated
mean, standard deviation, and normal distribution
Understand the relationship between area under a curve and proportion
Identify mean and median on a density curve
Know the properties of standard deviation and the effects of changing the unit of measurement
Understand changes to the mean, standard deviation and variance of a data set when all data
within the set is increased or decreased by a number and/or multiplying by a number
Understand and apply the Empirical Rule and know why it is different from Chebychev’s Rule
Determine if a distribution is normal
Use TI graphing calculator to find the area under the normal curve
MRS. CONWAY, AP STATISTICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Unit 3: Probability, YMS Chapter 6
Understand and apply rules of probability, including the addition and multiplication rules
Determine if two events are disjoint, complementary or independent
Determine unions and intersections of events
Create and interpret Venn diagrams and tree diagrams
Apply counting techniques in solving probability problems
Understand the difference between mutually exclusive and independent
Construct and interpret sample spaces for random events
Calculate probabilities for combinations of events
Understand and compute conditional probabilities
Unit 4: Random Variables, YMS Chapter 7
Discrete and Continuous Random Variables, Means, and Variances of Random Variables
Define random variable, discrete random variable, and continuous random variable
Identify and describe discrete and continuous data and variables
Compute probabilities of normal random variables
Compute probability distributions of discrete random variables and continuous random variables
Calculate mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of two independent random
variables
Calculate and interpret expected value of a random variable
Use law of large numbers to approximate the mean of a distribution
Use graphing calculator to estimate probabilities using simulation
Unit 5: Production of Data, YMS Chapter 5
Understand, identify and describe methods of Data Collection – census, surveys, study, experiment
Plan and conduct surveys – populations, samples, bias, sampling methods (simple random,
stratified, systematic, cluster, multi-stage, voluntary response)
Identify when sampling bias occurs and identify the type of sampling bias
Plan and conduct experiments – 3 principles (control, randomization, replication), bias (placebo
effect, Hawthorne effect, confounding variables, blinding), randomization, blocks, and matched
pairs
Identify the factors of an experiment, explanatory variables, treatments, response variables, and
experimental units or subjects of an experiment
Recognize the placebo effect and when double-blinding should be used
Understand and apply randomization when assigning subjects to groups or to complete a simple
random sample
Understand the difference between surveys and experiments and be able to determine given
scenarios
Determine if/why an experiment or survey may be flawed
Generalize results to population
MRS. CONWAY, AP STATISTICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Unit 6: Binomial and Geometric Distributions, YMS Chapter 8
Binomial Distributions and Geometric Distributions
Verify conditions of a binomial distribution, verify conditions of a geometric distribution
Understand when it is appropriate to use a binomial distribution vs. a geometric distribution
Compute cumulative distribution functions, cumulative frequency distribution tables, cumulative
frequency histograms for binomial and geometric random variables
Calculate means and standard deviations of binomial random variables and geometric random
variables
Compute probabilities using a normal approximation to the binomial distribution
Use TI graphing calculator to compute binomial and geometric probabilities
Unit 7: Examining Relationships, YMS Chapter 3
Scatter Plots, Correlation, Least-Squares Regression
Classify variables as quantitative or categorical
Assess a relationship between two variables by creating and analyzing scatter plots
Compute and be able to describe the meaning of the least squares regression line
Compute and interpret the correlation coefficient, the coefficient of determination, the slope and
the y-intercept
Construct and interpret a scatterplot and regression line, and the quality of a regression line for
bivariate data
Compute and understand residual values and use TI calculators to display residual plots
Use TI calculators to display scatterplots and superimpose lines of best fit
Use Microsoft Excel to display scatterplots and superimpose lines of best fit
Unit 8: Two-Variable Data, YMS Chapter 4
Use logarithmic and power transformations to achieve linearity
Determine when a transformation might be necessary to achieve linearity
Identify exponential growth and decay
Understand when to use caution in regression and correlation due to extrapolation, confounding
and lurking variables
Understand and be able to explain the difference between correlation and causality and what gives
the best evidence for causation
Explain the criteria for establishing causation when experimentation is not possible
Be able to recognize and explain the parts of a two-way table
Use a two-way table to compute marginal distributions
Recognize and be able to give an example of Simpson’s paradox
Use TI calculators and Microsoft Excel to complete transformations to achieve linearity
Unit 9: Sampling Distributions, YMS Chapter 9
Understand the difference between parameters and statistics and be able to define these in a
sample
Understand and describe the difference between bias and variability and how to influence each
Recognize when a problem involves a sample proportion or the mean of a sample
Compute and interpret mean and standard deviation of a sampling distribution
Understand the relationship between standard deviation and sample size
Describe the shape, center and spread of a sample proportion
Use a normal approximation to solve probability problems for sample proportions and for sample
means
State, understand, and apply the central limit theorem
MRS. CONWAY, AP STATISTICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Unit 10: Introduction to Inference, YMS Chapter 10
Describe statistical inference and the basic form of all confidence intervals
Construct and interpret a confidence interval for the mean of a normal population with known
standard deviation
Define null and alternative hypothesis for a testing situation for a population mean
Use a TI graphing calculator to calculate the 1-sample z statistic and P-value about the mean for 1sided and 2-sided tests
Describe margin of error and how to control margin of error
Compare values to assess statistical significance and analyze the results of significance tests
Define Type I errors and Type II errors and explain power in significance testing
Define and interpret standard error in relation to and
Unit 11: Inference for Distributions, Means and Proportions, YMS Chapter 11 and 12
Understand when to use inference about a mean and when to use the comparison of two means
Compute and analyze a one-sample t test to hypothesize a population mean and understand any
problems that may be present with the test
Compute and analyze a two-sample t test to compare the difference between two means and
understand any problems that may be present with the test
Use the TI graphing calculator to calculate confidence intervals for difference between two means
Use the TI graphing calculator to test hypothesis
Understand when to use one-sample, matched pairs, or two-sample procedures
Use z procedure to get confidence interval for population proportion
Complete one-sample and paired data t significance tests
Complete a significance test for a population proportion
Complete two-sample z procedure to test the hypothesis for equality of proportions in two
populations
Use the TI graphing calculator to calculate confidence intervals
Use the TI graphing calculator to test hypothesis
Unit 12: Inference for Tables and Inference for Regression, YMS Chapter 13 and 14
Understand and complete tests for goodness of fit and inference for two-way tables
Complete the appropriate chi-squared procedure and calculate the various relevant components
depending on the given situation
Construct a confidence interval for the difference between two population means and two
population proportions
Complete the significance test for the difference between two population means and two
population proportions
Recognize when to use linear regression inference for a set of data
Interpret the regression for a given set of data
Interpret chi-squared results and regression results from a computer printout