Download Carbohydrates

Nutrition Student Outline – Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
1.
6CO2
2.
Carbohydrates
A.
Source of Carbohydrates
•
Photosynthesis
•
Starch Production
+
6H2O
+
Light Energy

B.
Simple and Complex Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Classifications
A.
Monosaccharides
i.
Glucose (Dextrose)
ii.
Fructose
•
High Fructose Corn Syrup
iii. Galactose
B.
Disaccharides
i.
Maltose
- Glucose + Glucose
ii.
Sucrose
- Glucose + Fructose
iii. Lactose
- Glucose + Galactose
a.
Lactose Intolerance
C.
Oligosaccharides
•
Beano
i.
Raffinose
ii.
Stachyose
D.
Polysaccharides
i.
Starch
ii.
Glycogen
iii. Dietary Fiber
a.
Insoluble Fiber
•
Cellulose
b.
Soluble Fiber
•
Pectin
•
Gum
iv.
Physiologic Effects
a.
Water Absorption
b.
Binding Effect
c.
Colon Bacteria Effect
v.
Health Benefits
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C6H12O6
+
6O2
Nutrition Student Outline – Carbohydrates
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
Diverticulosis
b.
Hemorrhoids
c.
Weight Control
d.
Cholesterol
e.
Colon Cancer
Physiological Concerns
A.
Functions
i.
Glycogen Reserves.
ii.
Protein – sparing action
iii. Antiketogenic Effect
iv.
Heart Action
v.
Central Nervous System Function
B.
Digestive Process
i.
Mouth
a.
Salivary Amylase
ii.
Small Intestine
a.
Enzymes
•
Sucrase
•
Lactase
•
Maltase
C.
Circulatory System
i.
Hepatic Portal System
D.
Homeostatic Regulation of Glucose
•
70-140 mg/dl
•
Hyperglycemia
•
Hypoglycemia
i.
Beta Cells of Pancreas
a.
Insulin
ii.
Alpha Cells of Pancreas
b.
Glucagon
Recommended Carbohydrate Intake
•
60% is ideal (and lower fat intake)
Alternative Sweeteners
A.
High Fructose Corn Syrup
B.
Sugar Alcohols
i.
Sorbitol
C.
Saccharin
D.
Aspartame
Sugar and Tooth Decay
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