Download Unit 7 Review Sheet

DNA Structure and Function Review Sheet
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Briefly describe Griffith’s experiment. What is transformation?
Avery showed that _________ is the genetic material.
Sketch the structure of DNA.
Name the three parts to a nucleotide. List two differences in the nucleotide of RNA versus DNA.
What is Chargaff known for? What are purines and pyrimidines?
Describe DNA in eukaryotes versus prokaryotes.
Name the process of copying DNA (DNA DNA).
Describe the end result of DNA replication.
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases TACTAGGCC produces a strand with what
bases?
What sugar is contained in DNA? What sugar is contained in RNA?
List three differences between DNA and RNA.
Name the three types of RNA and give the function of each.
What is produced during transcription? Where does transcription occur?
How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid? Two amino acids? Three amino acids?
What happens during the process of translation? Where does it occur?
Genes contain instructions for assembling _________.
Explain how DNA determines an organism’s inherited traits. Use the words genes and proteins in your
explanation.
Define: point mutation, chromosomal mutation, inversion, translocation, frameshift mutation, insertion,
substitution, deletion
Explain how a deletion or insertion of a base pair results in a frameshift mutation.
Are all of our genes used in all of our cells? Explain your answer.
What did Watson and Crick determine the structure of DNA resembled?
How did Rosalind Franklin produce an image of DNA?
What was Erwin Chargaff’s contribution to the early study of DNA?
Instructions for assembling proteins are coded in ____________ , copied (transcribed) to a molecule of
________, which is then used by the __________ to assemble a string of ______________ which makes up
a protein. Word choices: amino acids, DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome.
A 3-base “word” is known as a_________
If DNA has the 3- base sequence TAC, what will the codon on mRNA be? Use the chart in your book (p.
303) to determine what amino acid it codes for.
In what part of the cell is mRNA made?
Summarize the steps of DNA replication.
Under what conditions can a mutation be passed on to offspring?
A normal chromosome has genes in the order ABCDEFG. A mutation occurs, and the new chromosome
looks like: ABCDEFEFEFEFG. What kind of mutation is it?
EcoRI cuts DNA anywhere there is the sequence CTTAAG, and it cuts between the A and G. What would
the pieces of the following piece of DNA look like it it were cut with this enzyme?
GGTACAGATCTTAAGCAA
The amount of adenine in an organism always equals the amount of which base?
How is a DNA fingerprint used to help determine whether a person is a child’s parent or not?
The molecule, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base, that serves as the building block for nucleic
acids like DNA and RNA is called a _____________.
What amino acids are coded for by the mRNA sequence AUGAAAGGCCCU? Use the chart below.