Download Reading Guide: The Sun (Chapter 24)

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Reading Guide: The Sun (Chapter 24)
Section 24.1
1. Why is an understanding of light important to astronomers?
2. What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
3. Circle the letter of the waves that have the highest frequency.
a. gamma rays
b. ultraviolet rays
c. infrared rays
d. radio waves
4. Circle the letter of the waves that have the shortest wavelength.
a. radio waves
b. ultraviolet rays
c. gamma rays
d. infrared rays
5. What is spectroscopy?
6. How can you show that visible light is made up of many different wavelengths?
7. List the types of energy that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.
8. Compare an absorption spectrum with an emission spectrum.
9. In astronomy, why is studying the absorption spectra of a star important?
10. What is the Doppler effect?
Match each situation with its type of change in wave.
Situation
Change in wave
_____ 11. Sound source approaches an observer
a. pitch becomes lower
_____ 12. Light source moves away from observer
b. pitch becomes higher
_____ 13. Sound source moves away from observer
c. light becomes bluer
_____ 14. Light source approaches an observer
d. light becomes redder
15. How is the Doppler effect used in astronomy?
Section 24.2
16. What is a refracting telescope?
17. What is the function of the objective lens in a refracting telescope?
18. What is the major optical defect that refracting telescopes suffer from? Explain
this effect.
19. What is the main difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes?
20. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of a reflecting telescope.
21. List three properties of optical telescopes that aid astronomers in their work.
22. Describe a radio telescope.
23. List five advantages of radio telescopes over optical telescopes.
24. Why do space telescopes produce clearer images than telescopes on Earth?
25. What was the first space telescope built by NASA?
Section 24.3
26. Why is the sun important to Earth?
27. Why is the sun important to astronomers?
28. Describe how astronomers at the Kitt Peak National Observatory study the sun.
29. Compare the diameter, volume, and mass of the sun with Earth.
30. List the 4 parts of the sun.
31. Describe the photosphere.
32. Why does the photosphere look like it’s boiling?
33. What elements does the surface of the sun contain?
34. Describe the chromosphere.
35. When is the chromosphere visible?
36. Describe the corona.
37. What is solar wind?
38. Why does solar wind not reach our surface?
39. True or False? Different parts of the sun rotate at different speeds.
40. Why do sunspots appear dark?
Match each description with its sun feature.
_____ 41. Dark region on the surface of the photosphere
a. solar flare
_____ 42. Brief outburst associated with sunspot clusters
b. sunspot
_____ 43. Huge cloudlike structure of chromospheric gases
c. prominence
44. Prominences are ionized gases trapped by _______________________ extending
from regions of intense solar activity.
45. List the main forms of radiation in which solar flares release energy.
46. Solar flares can cause auroras. What are auroras?
47. How does the sun produce energy?
48. Describe nuclear fusion.
49. In the process of nuclear fusion, mass “goes missing”. Where does this “missing
mass” end up?
50. In what form is most of the energy from hydrogen fusion released?
51. Looking only at how much fuel the sun has, how long can it last?
52. Why did the sun become hot enough to start nuclear fusion?
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Photons
corona
sunspots
Spectroscopy
electromagnetic spectrum
Solar flares continuous spectrum
refracting telescope
radio telescope
photosphere
Doppler effect
53. Sunspots are associated with brief outbursts called ____________________.
54. _____________________ are dark regions on the surface of the photosphere.
55. The study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength is
____________________________.
56. Galileo used a ______________________________ that had a lens to bend light.
57. The _____________________ is the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere.
58. Most of the sunlight we can see comes from the ___________________ of the
sun.
59. The ____________________________________ is the arrangement of
electromagnetic waves according to their wavelengths and frequencies.
60. ____________________ are particles of light.