Download Photosynthesis

Notes: Chapter Ten - Part I
Date:
Introduction to Photosynthesis
I.
Eating and food production
a. We can break down organisms into two categories in terms of how they get their
nutrients.
i. Autotrophs –
1. photoautotroph 2. chemoauotroph ii. Heterotrophs –
1. Where can they get their nutrients?
II.
Where does Photosynthesis take place?
a. All the green parts of a plant contain _____________________.
b. __________________ are the major site of photosynthesis.
c. Inside of a photosynthetic plant cell.
i. Stomata ii. Chlorophyll –
iii. Thylakoid –
iv. Diagram of the Chloroplast
III.
Pathways of Photosynthesis
a. Equation of photosynthesis
b. What does this equation look like?
c. How did scientists figure out photosynthesis?
i. Discovered that plants give off
______________________.
ii. Predicted that chloroplasts split _______________ into hydrogen and oxygen.
iii. Where do the molecules in the reactants end up in the products?
d. Overview of Photosynthesis
i. Two parts: __________________ reactions and the __________________
cycle.
ii. The purpose of the light reactions is to make _________________ (electron
carrier) and ____________ (for energy).
iii. The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to change the carbon dioxide into
___________________ (or other carbohydrate).
iv. Light reactions occurs in the ______________ while the Calvin cycle occurs in the
___________________.
IV.
Quick Review: Light Properties
a. Light is a _____________ and is a part of the ________________________ spectrum.
b. Visible light:
c. Wavelength of light
Color
Red
Wavelength
Color
Wavelength
Blue
Orange
Indigo
Yellow
Violet
Green
d. Light behaves like it is made up of discrete particles called ________________.
Photons act like they have a fixed quantity of energy. The amount of energy is related to
the ___________________ of the light.
i. Short wavelength =
ii. Longer wavelength =
Notes: Photosynthesis Diagrams (Part II)
Date:
V. Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
A. Excitation of Chlorophyll
1. When photons are absorbed by a molecule, __________________ become excited
and will move to a higher ______________________. Electrons very quickly lose this
energy in the form of _________________ and fall back down to their original energy
level.
2. Photosystems
a) photosystem I aka P700
b) photosystem II aka P680
B. Noncyclic Electron Flow
1. The _______________________ route of electron flow.
2. Steps of Noncyclic flow
a) ________________________ absorbs light and an _________________ is
captured by the primary electron acceptor. A “_____________” now exsists in
P680.
b) Water is split, and an electron is used to replace the electron lost from P680.
This is the step where _________________ is released.
c) The excited electron from P680 is passed down to ____________ along an
_________________. This chain is similar to the one in cellular respiration.
d) As the electrons “fall” down the ETC, ________________ is produced to be
used in the Calvin cycle.
e) When the electron reaches the “bottom”, it fills a “hole” in ___________. The
hole was created when light energy caused an electron from P700 to become
________________ and is captured by the primary electron acceptor.
f) The electron from P700 is passed along a second ______________ where
NADP+ is __________________ to ______________ and will be used in the
Calvin cycle.
C. Cyclic Electron Flow
1. Cyclic electron flow is used to create more _______________ to be used during the
Calvin cycle.
2. Consists only of _____________________________.
3. Cyclic knows to “turn on” when there is an abundance of ____________________ in
the cholorplast.
Notes: Photosynthesis Part III
Calvin Cycle
Date:
Quick Review: Light Reactions
1. The overall function of the light reaction is to make _______________ and __________________
for the Calvin cycle.
2. The ultimate electron donor is ___________________.
3. ____________________ is made at this time and is released from the leaf.
Quick Review: Plant structure
1. Photosynthesis takes place in the __________________________. Specifically the light reaction in
the ____________________ and the Calvin cycle in the _________________________.
V.
The Calvin Cycle
a. _______ and _____________ from the Light Reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle.
b. The Calvin cycle is similar to the __________________ cycle in Cellular respiration
because there is a regeneration of molecules.
c. Overall reaction of the Calvin cycle:
d.
The actual output of the Calvin cycle is molecules of
__________________________________ also known as G3P.
e. The cycle must occur ____________ times to produce one molecule of sugar.
VI.
The Calvin Cycle: In Three Parts
a. Carbon Fixation
i. ___________ attaches to _____________ by _______________ (enzyme) to
form a _____ carbon intermediate.
ii. The six carbon intermediate immediately breaks down into 2 3-carbon molecules
(for each carbon dioxide molecule)
b. Reduction
i. _________ are used to add phosphate groups on to the carbon chain
ii. _________ are used to reduce the carbon chain to G3P
iii. 3 _______ go in to produce _______ molecules of G3P
iv. Only one G3P can be used, the other five are reused in the cycle.
c. Regeneration
i. Carbon skeletons are rearranged to form _______ molecules of _________.
ii. This process uses _____ more ATP molecules.
IV Alternatives to Carbon Fixation.
_________ enters the leaf through the stomata.
The stomata also functions in _______________________ (evaporative loss of water).
If it is _________ and _________, the stomata close to save water. Less carbon dioxide
can enter the leaf.
The plant can go through ___________________________.
Consumes ________________
Releases _______________
Makes no _____________
__________________ photosynthetic output.
C4 Plants use alternative mode of carbon fixation.
Instead of 3 carbon skeleton, they use a __________ carbon skeleton in the Calvin Cycle.
The enzyme _________ is used instead of Rubisco. PEP has a higher affinity for
__________.
CAM Plants are ___________________ plants.
Their _______________ open at night to let in __________ perform the Calvin cycle at
________________ when there are cooler temperatures.
Light Reactions
 Are carried out by molecules in the
thylakoid membranes
 Convert light energy to ATP and
NADPH
 Split water and release O2 to the
atmosphere.
Calvin Cycle Reactions
 Takes place in the stroma
 Use ATP and NADPH to covert CO2
to the sugar G3P
 Return ADP, inorganic phosphate,
and NADP+ to the light reactions.