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Review Guide for Cumulative Test Attention: Items on this list are for suggested study only. This is NOT an all-inclusive list. Plate 1 – Importance of Microorganisms to Humans Fermentation Curdling Cheese Yogurt Elemental recycling Industry Medial research Name 4 diseases caused by microorganisms Plate 2 & 6 – Microscopes Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Microscope Light source Objective lenses Ocular lens (Eyepiece) Specimen Course adjustment Fine adjustment Iris diaphragm Slide and cover slip Body tube Arm Magnification Resolution Plate 3 – Spontaneous Generation Spontaneous generation Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Francesco Redi’s experiment John Needham’s experiment Louis Pasteur’s experiment Characteristics of living things Plate 4 – Germ Theory of Disease – Pasteur Pasteur’s work with wine Miasma Yeast Bacteria Vinegar Wine Germ theory Plate 5 – Germ Theory of Disease – Koch’s Postulates Koch’s Postulates (7 steps) Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis Pulmonary anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax Plate 8 – Measurements in Microbiology Metric measurements SI Prefixes (meter to nanometer) Conversions (large to small and small to large) Plate 10 – Spectrum of Microorganisms Viruses Helical Rod Icosahedron Protein and DNA Bacteria Bacillus Coccus Spirochete Spirillum Role in Environment Pathogen Recycling Cyanobacteria/Microscopic Algae Producer Diatoms Dinoflagellate Role in Environment Protozoa Amoeba Ciliates Flagellates Sporozoa Role in Environment Fungi Mold Yeast Hyphae Mycelium Spore Role in Environment Plate 11 – Forms of Bacteria Rectangular Club Swollen Streptobacillus Cocci Single Diplococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus Packet Spiral Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete Plate 12 – Bacterial Ultrastructure Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Pilus Chromosome Cytoplasm Mesosome Plate 13 – Bacterial Cell Envelope Capsule Cell Wall Gram Positive Gram Negative Peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide Cell Membrane Phospholipid layer Proteins in membrane Hydrophilic Hydrophobic "Head" & "Tail" Plate 14 – Staining Bacteria Simple stain Process of Gram stain Steps of Gram stain Crystal violet Iodine Alcohol Safranin Plate 15 – Bacterial Reproduction Cell wall Cell membrane DNA/Nucleoid Cytoplasm Generation time Binary fusion Daughter cell DNA replication Protein synthesis Replication Action of penicillin on bacterial growth Plate 16 – Bacterial Spores Sporulation Spore core Core membrane Cortex Exosporium basal layer Plate 27 – Bacterial Transformation Griffith’s experiment Streptococcus pneumoniae Live “R” strain Live “S” strain Heat-Killed “R” strain Heat-killed “S” strain Transformation Naked DNA Competent cells Plate 28 – Bacterial Conjugation Conjugation F(+) bacteria F(–) bacteria Hfr bacteria Pilus Transfer of resistance genes Plasmid transfer Chromosome transfer Plate 29 – Bacterial Transduction Transduction Generalized transduction Specialized transduction Bacteriophage Recognition site Bacterial genes in virus Plate 30 – Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Chimera Plasmid Restriction endonuclease Gel electrophoresis Plasmid mapping Kilobase pairs Sticky ends Blunt ends Laboratories Simple stain Gram stain Yogurt making Safety procedures Protist Pioneer
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