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AP Psych Major Terms, Concepts & People
Here’s a list of important terms, concepts and people that you must know if you are to do well
on the AP Exam. You should have them down cold  Many of these you already know…just
review it to make sure!
Please note that this is not an all-inclusive list. This is a list of the most commonly used
terms, concepts and people found on the AP Exam.
* Denotes the term is not found in your book. Look in your class notes.
Unit 1 – Approaches & Methods
Modules 1 & 2
1.
bell curve (normal distribution)
2.
control vs. experimental group
3.
correlation coefficients
4.
descriptive vs. inferential statistics
5.
ethics of testing
6.
experiment: be able to design one
7.
false consensus effect *
8.
generalizability of a study
9.
histogram
10.
identical twin research
11.
illusory correlation *
12.
independent vs. dependent variable
13.
industrial (organizational)
psychology
14.
measures of central tendency:
mean, median, mode
15.
measures of variability: range and
standard deviation
16.
nature vs. nurture debate
17.
paresis
Unit 2 – Biological Bases of Behavior
Modules 3 & 4
28.
action vs. resting potential
29.
afferent vs. efferent neurons
30.
agonist vs. antagonist chemicals
31.
androgyny
32.
all-or-nothing law
33.
blood-brain barrier
34.
brain: what parts do we share with
animals? differ? *
35.
Broca’s aphasia (expressive)
36.
Broca’s vs. Wernicke’s areas
37.
cortexes of the brain: major one
38.
dendrite (purpose of)
39.
endocrine organs and hormones
secreted by them
40.
endorphins
41.
basal ganglia
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
perspectives in psychology
 biological
 cognitive
 behavior
 psychoanalytic
 humanistic
 cross-cultural
 evolutionary *
placebo effect
sample
scatterplot: most often used to plot
correlations
self-fulfilling prophecy
Sigmund Freud (psychoanalysis)
standard deviation
testable hypothesis
Wilhelm Wundt (structuralism)
William James (functionalism)
genotype vs. phenotype
glial cells
hybrid
hypothalamus
imaging techniques: PET, CAT,
MRI, fMRI
L-dopa
limbic system: structures and
function
linkage analysis
major neurotransmitters *
 acetylcholine (Ach)
 Dopamine
 Serotonin
 Norpinephrine
1

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
GABA (gamma-aminobutric
acid)
 Glutamate
myelin sheath: where and purpose?
nervous system: major parts
neuron: three basic parts
old brain vs. new brain
operationalizing a definition
pancreas
parts of the brain
phenylketonuria (PKU)
pineal gland (function and what
makes it unique?)
Unit 3: Sensation & Perception
Modules 5 & 6
70.
absolute threshold
71.
acuity – vision *
72.
apparent motion
73.
binocular cues: types
74.
blind spot
75.
color blindness: kinds
76.
complementary colors
77.
Cooper’s research on visual
processing (using cats)
78.
difference threshold (JND)
79.
feature (signal) detector cells:
Hubel & Wiesel’s research on visual
processing
80.
feature analysis
81.
figure ground phenomenon
82.
fovea
83.
gate control theory of pain
84.
Ganzfeld Procedure
85.
gustatory sense
86.
hue (British term for color)
87.
induced motion *
88.
inner ear – vestibular sense
89.
linear perspective
90.
localization of sound (how is it
done? why are 2 ears needed?) *
91.
Max Wertheimer & the Gestalt
theory
92.
monocular vs. binocular cues
Unit 4 – States of Consciousness
Modules 7 & 8
114. categories of drugs: stimulants,
depressants, opiates, hallucinogens
115. dream analysis
116. effects of marijuana
117. Freudian dream analysis
118. hypnosis: major theories of
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
119.
120.
121.
122.
recessive vs. dominant genes
reflex arc *
reticular formation
somatosensory cortex: location and
used for what sense?
Tay-Sachs disease *
thalamus (what sense doesn’t get
routed through there?)
thyroid gland
Turner’s syndrome
Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive
Wilder Penfield’s research on the
brain *
monocular cues: types
motion aftereffect
motion parallax
novelty preference
one eye problem – what you
couldn’t do if you only had one eye
opponent-process theory of visual
processing (afterimages)
optic disc
optic nerve
perceptual constancy (size, color,
shape)perceptual set
phi phenomenon
photoreceptors
pitch
retinal disparity (aka binocular
disparity)
rods and cones (structures and
differences)
selective attention
senses – five kinds
signal detection theory
transduction
two kinds of deafness: conductive
and nerve
vestibular sense
Weber’s law
paradoxical sleep: why is REM
called this
REM vs. NREM sleep
sleep disorders: major kinds
sleeper effect
2
Unit 5 – Learning
Modules 9 & 10
123. Albert Bandura – major view on
learning & Bobo doll experiment
124. aversive conditioning (good or bad)
125. aversive conditions
126. behavior as being adaptive
127. B.F. Skinner’s view on learning
128. classical vs. operant conditioning
(distinguish between the two)
129. Clever Hans experiment *
130. imprinting
131. instrumental or operant condition
132. habituation *
133. John Garcia’s ideas on the limits of
conditioning
134. John Watson’s view on learning &
Little Albert
135. modeling
136. operant conditioning – distinguish
between 4 kinds
137. Pavlov’s view on learning and his
dogs
138. positive reinforcement
Unit 6 – Cognition
Module 11, 12, 14
152. algorithm
153. amnesia (retrograde vs.
anterograde) *
154. Benjamin Whorf’s theory of
linguistic relativity *
155. brainstorming *
156. chaining *
157. chunking
158. convergent vs. divergent thinking
159. determinism
160. Ebbinghaus’ research on memory
161. echoic memory
162. eidetic memory
163. Elizabeth Loftus’ research on
eyewitness testimony
164. engram *
165. episodic memory
166. expectancy theory
167. flashbulb memory
168. functional fixedness
169. heuristics: availability vs.
representativeness *
170. hindsight bias *
171. IDEAL (strategy for solving
problems) *
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
Premack principle *
primary vs. secondary reinforcers
punishment: why it may not be
affective
Robert Rescorla’s finding on
conditioning
schedules of reinforcement – 5
kinds, which is most effective?
shaping
social cognitive theory
stages of learning (acquisition,
extinction, spontaneous recovery,
etc.)
stimulus generalization vs. stimulus
discrimination
systematic desensitization
theories of learning: compare and
contrast classical, operant and
social-cognitive
Throndike’s law of effect
UCS-UCR-CS-CR
inductive vs. deductive reasoning *
interference: proactive vs.
retroactive
learning curve
long term potentiation
loss of information from short term
memory
memory: kinds (sensory, shortterm, long-term)
mental set *
metacognition
method of lock
misinformation effect *
next-in-line-effect *
phonemes vs. morphemes
primacy vs. recency effect
prototype
repression
schema
semantic memory
serial position effect *
syllogism *
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Zanjonc’s Mere Exposure Effect *
3
Unit 7 – Intelligence (Testing & Individual Differences)
Module 13
193. achievement vs. aptitude tests
198. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)
194. crystallized intelligence *
199. intelligence tests: major kinds used
195. Flynn effect *
200. internal consistency reliability
196. Francis Galton’s research
201. mental gage
197. Howard Gardner’s view of multiple
202. reliability vs. validity in testing
intelligences
203. Sternberg’s theory of intelligence
Unit 8 – Motivation & Emotion
Modules 15, 16, 21
204. arousal
205. Cannon’s critique of James-Lange
theory
206. Daniel Goleman’s view on
emotional intelligence
207. drives
208. incentives
209. instinct
210. James-Lange theory of emotions
Unit 9 – Development
Modules 17 & 18
217. Ainsworth Strange Situation
Paradigm
218. attachment
219. Babinski response
220. Carol Gilligan’s critique of
Kohlberg’s theory
221. Erik Erikson’s stages of
psychosocial development
222. feral children
223. fetal alcohol syndrome:
characteristics
224. formal operations
225. Freud’s stages of psychosexual
development
226. Harry Harlow’s research with
surrogate mothers (attachment)
227. Karen Horney’s views on
development
Unit 10 – Personality
Modules 19 & 20
242. Alfred Adler
243. conflicts: five kinds
244. defense mechanisms: major ones
245. displacement
246. free association
247. fundamental attribution error
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
248.
249.
250.
251.
obesity (role of hypothalamus)
opponent-process theory of
emotions
Stanley Schacter’s two factor theory
set point
water balance (role of
hypothalamus)
Yerkes-Dodson Arousal Law
Kohlberg’s stages of moral
reasoning
Kubler-Ross’ stages of dying
newborn baby reflexes
norms
Piaget’s stages of cognitive
development
proximity (effects on relationships)
rooting reflex
sex characteristics (primary vs.
secondary)
sexual identity vs. gender identity
stranger anxiety
visual cliff
cross-cultural studies
cross-sectional studies
longitudinal studies
Galvanic skin response
Hans Seyle’s General Adaptation
Response
hierarch of needs (Maslow – can
you put them in order)
id, ego, superego
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252.
253.
254.
Karen Horney’s views on
development
identification vs. internalization
(Freudian terms)
Martin Seligman’s “learned
helplessness”
Unit 11 – Social Psychology
Module 25
261. Ash’s conformity study (line
segments)
262. attribution theory
263. bystander interventions: factors that
influence it
264. catharsis
265. cognitive dissonance
266. deindividuation
267. discrimination
268. dominant responses aided my
social facilitation
269. equity theory of relationships
270. ethnocentrism
271. foot-in-the-door phenomenon
272. frustration-aggression hypothesis
273. groupthink
Unit 12 – Abnormal Psychology & Treatment
Modules 22, 23, 24
288. Aaron Beck’s view of depression
289. Albert Ellis – Rational Emotive
Therapy
290. American Psychological
Association
291. Carl Rogers: person (client)
centered therapy
292. character (personality) disorders:
major ones
293. deinstitutionalization
294. depression: trycyclic
antidepressants: why most widely
used?
295. disorders: anxiety, somatoform,
dissociative, mood, personality,
schizophrenia
296. dissociative disorders
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
MMPI: use for what
Oedipus conflict
optimistic explanatory style
projective tests: TAT & Rorschach
reality principle: function of the ego
self-efficacy
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
Hawthorne Effect
ingroup and outgroup bias
just-world phenomenon
normative social influence
personal space
prosocial behavior: what is it and
give an example
self-serving bias
social exchange theory
social loafing
social trap
Stanley Milgram’s experiment with
obedience
stereotype
tragedy of the commons
Zimbardo’s prison experiment
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
Down’s syndrome
DSM-IV-TR: purpose & limits
electroconvulsive shock therapy
group therapy
high vs. low self-monitors
lithium (bipolar treatment)
milieu therapy
narcissism
OCD
panic attacks: explain & what is
best treatment?
post traumatic stress disorder
schizophrenia
somatoform disorders
token economy
Tourette’s syndrome
positive vs. negative symptoms
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