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Skeletal Muscle Groups
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A. Muscles of Facial Expression
1. Frontalis
A: elevates eyebrows
 O: occipital bone
 I: skin of eyebrow

2. Occipitalis
A: pulls scalp posterior
 O: mastoid process of occipital bone
 I: galea aponeurotica

3. Orbicularis oculi
A: closes eyelid
 O: frontal & maxillary bones
 I: skin around eyelid

4. Orbicularis oris

A: closes lips

Kissing, speaking
O: facia surrounding lips
 I: corners of mouth

5. Zygomaticus Major/Minor

A: Retracts & elevates corners of mouth

smiling
O: zygomatic bone
 I: corner of mouth/upper lip

6. Buccinator- “kissing muscle”

A: compresses cheeks

Sucking, whistling, blowing
O: mandible & maxillary bones
 I: orbicularis oris

7. Depressor anguli oris
A: Depresses corner of mouth
 O: Anterolateral surface of mandibular body
 I: Skin at corner of mouth

Muscles of Facial Expression
B. Muscles of Mastication
1. Masseter- strongest jaw muscle

A: elevates the mandible

Closes mouth
O: zygomatic arch
 I: mandibular ramus

2. Temporalis
A: elevates mandible
 O: temporal bone
 I: coronoid process of mandible

Muscles of Mastication
C. Muscles of the Neck
1. Platysma
A. Depresses mandible, tenses neck
 O: Upper thorax between cartilage of 2nd rib &
acromion process
 I: Mandible & skin of cheek

2. Sternocleidomastoid
A: flexes head, turns head side to side
 O: clavicle & manubrium
 I: mastoid process of temporal bone

3. Omohyoid
A. Depresses hyoid & larynx
 O: Central tendon attaches to clavicle & 1st rib
 I: 2 bellies:

Superior- hyoid bone
 Inferior- superior margin of scapula

4. Sternohyoid
A: Depresses hyoid & larynx
 O: Clavicle & manubrium
 I: Hyoid bone

Muscles of the Neck
Quiz Tomorrow!
Head & Neck Muscles
D. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle
1. Trapezius

A: extends head & elevates scapula

Look up & shrugs shoulders
O: occipital bone & thoracic & cervical vertebrae
 I: clavicle & scapula

2. Serratus Anterior
A: Abduction, upward rotation, protracts shoulder
 O: Anterior & superior margins of ribs 1-9
 I: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

3. Rhomboid Major/Minor
A: Adduction, downward rotation
 O:

Major: Spinus processes of upper thoracic vertebra
 Minor: Spinus processes of cervical vertebrae


I: Vertebral border of scapula
4. Pectoralis Minor
A: elevates ribs (breathing) & depresses shoulders
 O: ribs 3-5
 I: coracoid process of scapula

E. Muscles of the Shoulder &
Upper Arms
1. Pectoralis Major
A: adducts & flexes humerus, rotates arms medially
 O: clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilage
 I: greater tubercle of humerus

2. Deltoid
A: abducts humerus
 O: clavicle & scapula
 I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

(Rotator Cuff Muscles)
3. Supraspinatus
A: Abduction, stabilization
 O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
 I: Greater tubercle of humerus

4. Infraspinatus
A: Adduction, outward rotation
 O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
 I: Greater tubercle of humerus

(Rotator Cuff Muscles)
5. Teres Minor
A: Adduction, outward rotation
 O: Inferior angle of scapula
 I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

6. Subscapularis
A: Adduction, inward rotation
 O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
 I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

7. Teres Major
A: Adduct, inward rotation, extension
 O: Inferior angle of scapula
 I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

8. Latissimus Dorsi
A: extends, adducts, & rotates arms medially
 O: spines of T7-sacrum, iliac crest, & ribs 9-12
 I: intertubercular groove of humerus

9. Biceps Brachii- “two heads”
A: flexes arm @ elbow, supinates forearm
 O: scapula
 I: radial tuberosity

10. Triceps Brachii- “three heads”
A: extends arm (antagonist to biceps brachii)
 O: scapula & humerus
 I: olecranon process of ulna

11. Coracobrachialis
A: Adduction, flexion
 O: Coracoid process
 I: Medial margin of shaft of humerus

F. Muscles of the Forearm
1. Brachioradialis
A: flexes arm @ elbow, supinates forearm
 O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
 I: styloid process of ulna

2. Brachialis
A: Flexion
 O: Anterior distal surface of the humerus
 I: Tuberosity of ulna

(mentioned previously)
3. Biceps Brachii
A: Flexion, supination
 O: scapula
 I: radial tuberosity

4. Triceps Brachii
A: extends arm
 O: scapula & humerus
 I: olecranon process of ulna

G. Muscles of the Hand & Wrist
1. Flexor Carpi Radialis
A: Flexion & abducts wrist & hand
 O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
 I: Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

2. Palmaris Longus
A: Flexion of the wrist and hand
 O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
 I: Palmar aponerosis & flexor retinaculum

3. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
A: Flexion & adduction of wrist & hand
 O: Medial epicondlye of humerus, medial surface of
olecranon, anteromedial part of ulna
 I: Pisiform & hamate bones & 5th metacarpal

4. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
A: Extension & abduction of wrist & hand
 O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
 I: 2nd metacarpal

5. Extensor Digitorum
A: Extension of the fingers & hand
 O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
 I: Posterior surfaces of phalanges 2-5

6. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A: Extension & adduction of wrist & hand
 O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, dorsal surface of
ulna
 I: Base of 5th metacarpal

Flexors
Extensors
Quiz Tomorrow
Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Wrist &
Hand Muscles
G. Muscles of the Abdomen
1. Rectus Abdominis
A: depresses rib cage & flexes vertebral column
 O: pubic symphysis
 I: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid process

2. External Oblique
A: compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column &
lateral rotation
 O: ribs 5-12
 I: iliac crest & linea alba

3. Internal Oblique
A: same as external oblique
 O: iliac crest
 I: costal cartilage of ribs 8-12 & linea alba

4. Transversus Abdominis
A: compresses abdomen
 O: iliac crest & costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
 I: pubis, linea alba, & xiphoid process

3. Diaphragm- separates thoracic &
abdominopelvic cavities
A: expands thorax
 O: costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 & xiphoid process
 I: central tendon of diaphragm

Quiz Tomorrow
Abdominal Muscles
H. Muscles of the Hip & Thigh
1. Iliacus
A: Flexion, outward rotation
 O: Iliac fossa
 I: Distal femur

2. Psoas Major
A: Flexion, outward rotation
 O: Anterior surfaces of vertebrae T12- L5
 I: Lesser trochanter of femur

3. Rectus Femoris (part of Quadriceps)
A: Flexion
 O: Anterior inferior iliac spine & superior rim of
acetabulum
 I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

4. Sartorius
A: Flexion, outward rotation
 O: Anterior, superior iliac spine
 I: Medial tibia

5. Gracilis
A: Adduction
 O: Inferior ramus of pubis
 I: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle

6. Pectineus
A: Felxion, adduction
 O: Superior ramus of pubis
 I: Inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

7. Adductor Longus
A: Adduction, flexion
 O: Inferior ramus of pubis
 I: linea aspera of femur

8. Gluteus Maximus
A: extends & laterally rotates thigh
 O: iliac crest, sacrum, & coccyx
 I: femur

(Hamstrings Group)
9. Semitendinosus
A: Extension
 O: Ischial tuberosity
 I: Proximal, medial surface of tibia

10. Semimembranosus
A: Extension
 O: Ischial tuberosity
 I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

(Hamstrings Group)
11. Biceps Femoris
A: Extension
 O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
 I: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

12. Tensor Fasciae Latae
A: Flexion, stabilizes knee
 O: Iliac crest & anterior superior iliac spine
 I: Iliotibial tract

13. Gluteus Medius
A: Abduction
 O: Anterior iliac crest
 I: Greater trochanter of femur

I. Muscles of the Knee Joint
1. Sartorius- mentioned previously

A: Flexion
2. Gracilis- mentioned previously

A: Flexion
3. Gastrocnemius
A: Flexion
 O: lateral & medial epicondyles of femur
 I: calcaneus

(Quadriceps Group)
4. Rectus Femoris- mentioned previously

A: Extension
5. Vastus Lateralis
A: Extension
 O: Anterior & inferior to greater trochanter & linea
aspera
 I: Tibial tuberosity

(Quadriceps Group)
6. Vastus Medialis
A: Extension
 O: Entire length of linea aspera of femur
 I: Tibial tuberosity

7. Vastus Intermedius
A: Extension
 O: Anterolateral surface of femur & linea aspera
 I: Tibial tuberosity

(Hamstrings Group)
8. Semitendinosis- mentioned previously

A: Flexion
9. Semimembranosus- mentioned previously

A: Flexion
10. Biceps Femoris- mentioned previously

A: Flexion