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HONORS Biology Final Exam Review - Unit 13- Medelian Genetics
Answer
1. Stalk that pollen travel down to ovary ______________________
2. Flower part that contains one or more ovules (eggs) ______________________
3. Sticky portion on style______________________
4. Structure where pollen is produced______________________
5. Long thin structures that support the anther______________________
6. Female structure-made up of 3 parts______________________
7. Male structure- made up of 2 parts______________________
Colored and patterned parts______________________
11.1- The work of Gregor Mendel
Define
Genetics- _________________________________________________________________________________
True-breeding- ____________________________________________________________________________
Trait- ____________________________________________________________________________________
Gene- ____________________________________________________________________________________
Allele- ____________________________________________________________________________________
Gamete- __________________________________________________________________________________
Dominant-________________________________________________________________________________
Recessive-_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Genotype for Yy _______________Phenotype______________
9. How many allele combinations are there for RRYY_________________RrYy_____________________
10. When crossing two heterozygous yellow pea plants, what are the chances of getting green 4 times in a
row? _________________
11.2- Probability and Punnett Squares
Define
Homozygous- ______________________________________________________________________________
Heterozygous- _____________________________________________________________________________
Phenotype- _______________________________________________________________________________
Genotype- ________________________________________________________________________________
Answer
1. How are the principles of probability used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses? _____________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. The P cross is always homozygous/heterozygous? ____________________________
3. Cross a homozygous tall pea plant with a heterozygous tall pea plant.
Phenotype ratio:
Genotype Ratio:
11.3- Beyond Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Define
Incomplete dominance- _____________________________________________________________________
Codominance- ____________________________________________________________________________
Multiple alleles- ____________________________________________________________________________
Polygenic trait- ____________________________________________________________________________
Answer
1. What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance? ______________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are fruit flies an ideal organism for genetic research? (Hint: think of # of offspring produced and
how long it takes)____________________________________________________________________
SINGLE TRAIT CROSS
3. Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a short pea plant. Show work with a punnett square.
_________x________
Give the phenotype ratios.
TWO TRAIT CROSS
4. How many allele combinations for YYRR?_______YYRr?______yyrr?_______
5. Cross a Heterozygous yellow, homozygous round pea plant with a Green, heterozygous round pea
plant. Show work with a punnett square and.
_________________x_______________
Give the phenotype and genotype ratios
MULTIPLE ALLELES
5. What is the example we used in class/notes for multiple allele punnett squares____________________
Give an example of multiple alleles using a punnett square
_________x________
Give the possible phenotypes of the offspring
POLYGENIC TRAITS
6. What example did we use in class/notes as an example for polygenic trait punnett squares? ____________
What are some examples of polygenic traits in humans? _______________
What is true about the number of phenotypes of polygenic traits? ____________________________________
Show an example of a polygenic trait using a punnett square.
_________x________
Give the possible phenotypes of the offspring.
CO-DOMINANCE
7. What did we use in class/notes as an example for co-dominant punnett squares? __________ &_________
Describe the phenotype of an individual with a heterozygous genotype for a trait that follows the co
dominant inheritance pattern. ______________________________________
Show co-dominant inheritance using a punnett square. _________x________
Give the possible phenotypes of the offspring.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
8. Describe the phenotype of an individual with a heterozygous genotype for a trait that follows the
incomplete dominance inheritance pattern. ______________________________________________________
Show incomplete dominant inheritance using a punnett square. _________x________
Give the possible phenotypes of the offspring.
9. If a woman type O blood and a man with type AB blood have children, what are the possible blood types
for their children?
_________x________
Give the possible phenotypes of the offspring.
10. When crossing two heterozygous parents for a single trait, what is the phenotype ratio? __________
11. When crossing two double heterozygous parents for two traits, what is the phenotype ratio? ________
CHI SQUARE PROBLEM SET:
Remember: Purple and Starchy are dominant, Yellow and Sweet are recessive
Problem: a large ear of corn, produced from a DIHYBRID cross, has a TOTAL of 533 grains, including: 296
Purple & Starchy 98 Purple & Sweet, 88 Yellow & Starchy and 51 Yellow & Sweet.
Test your hypothesis using Chi Square:
Calculate Expected values for each phenotype, then use those and the observed(actual)
numbers to CALCULATE CHI SQUARE.
Phenotypes
Expected Number
Total kernels x statically Observed Number
expected
÷ expected
Purple & starchy
Purple & sweet
Yellow & starchy
Yellow & sweet
CHI SQUARE VALUE ===>
(add the numbers from the rows above)
GOOD FIT OR POOR FIT? _____________________
How many GENOTYPES are possible for Purple & starchy ?___ List them ______________________________
How many GENOTYPES are possible for Purple & sweet ?___ List them _______________________________
How many GENOTYPES are possible Yellow & starchy for ?___ List them _____________________________
How many GENOTYPES are possible for Yellow & sweet ?___ List them _______________________________