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World Geography World Geography Black Line Masters Table of Contents 4 Ws Chart .................................................................................................................................1 Africa Teaching Resources ........................................................................................................2 Anticipation Guide – Unit 4 .......................................................................................................3 Anticipation Guide – Unit 7 .......................................................................................................4 Calendar of U.S.A. or Canada ...................................................................................................5 Climate and Vegetation Chart ....................................................................................................6 Climate and Vegetation Chart with Answers.............................................................................7 Climate and Vegetation of Africa South and Sahara .................................................................8 Climate and Vegetation of Africa South and Sahara with Answers………….……………….9 Climate Detective……………………………………………………………………………..10 Climate Regions and Vegetation Chart……………………………………………………….11 Climate Regions Chart………………………………………………………………………..12 Cultural Characteristics Chart………………………………………………………………...13 Earth’s Seasons……………………………………………………………………………….14 Earth’s Spheres……………………………………………………………………………….15 Earth’s Spheres with Answers…………….………………………………………………….16 Economic Chart……………………………………………………………………………….17 Economics of South, East and Southwest Asia……………………………………………….18 Economy Poster……………………………………………………………………………….19 Features of Canada and the United States……………………………………………………..20 Hurricane Tracking…………………………………………………………………………….21 Hurricane Tracking with Answers…………………………………………………………….22 In Corn’s Cradle……………………………………………………………………………23-24 Middle East Resources………………………………………………………………………...25 Oil Drilling in Alaska……………………………………………………………………….26-27 Oil Drilling in Alaska Reading Comprehension Questions…………………………………….28 Oil Drilling Possible Discussion ………………………………………………………………29 Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union Split-Page Note-taking……………………………………...30 Rule of 72……………………………………………………………………………………….31 Rule of 72 with Answers……………………………………………………………………….32 Sample Questioning the Author………………………………………………………………...33 Seven Natural Wonders of Africa……………………………………………………………….34 Split-Page Note-taking Unit 7 …………………………………………………………………..35 Split-Page Note-taking Unit 8…………………………………………………………………...36 Split-Page Note-taking Unit 9…………………………………………………………………...37 Standard of Living Game Cards…………………………………………………………… 38-39 Trade Agreements……………………………………………………………………………….40 Vocabulary Self-Awareness Chart………………………………………………………………41 What’s On Your Face?.................................................................................................................. 42 World Population Data Table………………………………………………………………...43-44 4 Ws Chart What? When? Where? Why? Chernobyl Newspaper Create a name for your newspaper and an original headline for your news story. Remember to indicate the journalist reporting on the story (you). Imagine that you are a reporter covering the Chernobyl disaster. Use the information from the text, videos, and 4 Ws chart to create a newspaper article informing the public about the event. Criteria: Accurate information Minimum of 8 sentences Correct spelling and grammar Written in the first person Create a visual representation of the Chernobyl disaster. Criteria: Relevant Creative & Colorful 1 Africa Teaching Resources http://www.courses.psu.edu/aaa_s/aaa_s110_tah/AFIM/Main_HTML/M_NR.html Africa Resource Map Website allows you to view Africa by regions to locate: natural resources, climate, countries, vegetation, and other particulars of Africa. http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/africaarchive/map.html Africa Map; click on a particular country and will show various articles about the country. www.4teachers.org Trackstar: 241220 Trackstar activity about Africa’s languages, maps, physical features, countries, diversity, and African news. www.unitedstreaming.com Videos to use: World’s Best: Series: Natural Wonders Playing God With Nature Assignment Discovery: Africa: Economy & Change Empires of early Africa (Nile River) World Geography: Africa (Virtual Tour Of Regions) Africa Today (People, Places, Cities, etc.) 2 Anticipation Guide “Quebec, by Razor-Thin Margin, Votes 'NO' On Leaving Canada” © 1995 Complete this exercise individually. Read each statement below. Indicate in the blanks provided whether the statements are True or False. _____ 1. Citizens in general have a right to vote to have their state or province separate from the rest of the country. _____ 2. Quebec’s citizens wanted to leave Canada because of cultural differences. _____ 3. A sense of national pride (nationalism) resulted in the vote to keep Quebec a part of Canada. _____ 4. All Canadians should remain focused on unity. 3 Anticipation Guide “Overview: Breaking the Silence” © 2000 Complete this exercise individually. Read each statement below. Indicate in the blanks provided whether the statements are True or False. _____. Over 23 million Africans have HIV/AIDS. _____. This illness had caused large numbers of orphans. _____. No African country has been able to reduce this problem due to their economic problems. “Reducing Poverty in Africa, Population Growth May Be Bigger Hurdle than AIDS” © 2005 Complete this exercise individually. Read each statement below. Indicate in the blanks provided whether the statements are True or False. _____. AIDS is the major hurdle to economic prosperity in Africa. _____. Africans have a culture of large families, and thus want many children. _____. Population size is likely to shrink in Africa by 2050. 4 Assignment: The U.S.A. and Canada would like to increase their national pride and generate some more tourism to the country. So they have decided to have a contest, searching for the best calendar of the U.S.A. or Canada, which the U.S. Department of Tourism and Canadian Tourism Office will give out for the next year. You are to find 12 pictures or images suitable for a calendar with a title of your choice. Each picture will represent one of the 5 themes of geography and be a unique characteristic of the U.S.A. or Canada as a place/region. Some of the themes will be used more than once, but each will be used at least once. Each monthly picture should have a caption describing or explaining the picture (how is this a unique characteristic; is it a physical or cultural characteristic. Example: A picture of the Rocky Mountains. Caption: The Rocky Mountains are a physical system in Canada and have been a barrier to movement of goods and migration of people in the past, but can now be crossed by train, car or air. Theme: Place and Physical System Criteria for Grading the Calendar: 1. Create it in PowerPoint. 2. 1st slide-include the calendar title, your name(s), and Block 3. Create a slide for each month, January-December. Insert a picture or graphic for each month. Include a caption for each, labeling each with the theme represented and a sentence or two about how the picture is a physical or cultural characteristic of Canada. 4. Be creative and artistic. Choose a design template or design your own. You may insert music or sound effects, but it is not required. 5. You will be graded on content, knowledge of content, creativity, appearance, and oral presentation. 5 Climate and Vegetation Chart Climate Region Location of Climate Region Type of Natural Vegetation Major Economic Activities 6 Climate and Vegetation Chart with Answers Climate Region Location of Climate Region Type of Natural Vegetation Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Northwestern Turkmenistan Western Azerbaijan, Russia between Black and Caspian Seas, Northern and Western Kazakhstan, Southwestern Turkmenistan, Eastern Tajikistan and Eastern Kyrgyzstan Armenia Sparse drought Nomadic herding resistant plants, barren rocks, sandy areas Grassland, few Nomadic herding, trees commercial farming, subsistence farming Scrub woodland and grassland Commercial farming Southern Georgia Mixed forest Commercial farming, forestry Mixed forest Humid Continental Southern and Western Russia, Belarus, Ukraine Subarctic Northern and Eastern Russia Arid Semiarid Mediterranean Humid Subtropical Highland Tundra Caucasus Mountains, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Northern Russia Major Economic Activities Commercial farming, forestry, livestock raising, manufacturing Northern evergreen Nomadic herding, forest fishing Forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation Mosses, lichen, sedges, dwarf trees Forestry, livestock raising Fishing, forestry, livestock raising 7 Climate and Vegetation of Africa South of the Sahara Climate Region Location of Climate Region Type of Natural Vegetation Major Economic Activities Rainforest Savannah Steppe Desert Mediterranean 8 Climate and Vegetation of Africa South of the Sahara with Answers Climate Region Rainforest Savannah Steppe Desert Mediterranean Location of Climate Region West and Central Africa near the equator and Northeast Madagascar Most of Africa south to the Tropic of Capricorn and the area surrounding the rainforest Area south of the Sahara and Sahel in northern and southeastern Africa Northern Africa and the Southwest African coast Tip of South Africa Type of Natural Vegetation Tropical rainforest Major Economic Activities Subsistence farming Tropical grassland with scattered trees Subsistence farming, commercial farming, livestock raising Grassland with few trees Nomadic herding, livestock raising Sparse drought-resistant plants; many barren, rocky, or sandy areas Scrub, woodland, and grassland Limited economic activity, nomadic herding, and livestock raising Commercial farming 9 Climate Detective Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Use the Climate Regions Chart to help you determine which climate sub-region is being described in each passage. Record your answers in the space provided. 1. Cool cotton shorts provide some relief from high temperatures and humidity. Insect repellent is definitely a necessity on exposed skin in this region. High leather boots guard against the thick undergrowth and the occasional snake that might cross your path. ______________________________________________________ 2. Your trip across the desert has been long and arduous. You gain hope as the landscape changes slightly from barren land to one with some vegetation. Your light-colored clothing still provides some comfort from the heat. Short grasses and bushes are scattered throughout this region. No trees are visible. _______________________ 3. An umbrella is a requirement here. Rainfall is heavy due to the influences of the nearby ocean. A mixture of both deciduous and coniferous trees grow in this climate. Your flight from Seattle to London tomorrow will require the same wardrobe. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. A camera is a must here. The Sierra Club will approve as you “shoot” the grazing herds of wildebeest and zebra. You must exercise caution since predators may lurk in the tall grasses. Waterholes are gathering points for many animals now but will be scarce during the dry season. _______________________________________________ 5. A climate region common to both Canada and the Soviet Union provides you with a monotonous view. Vegetation, visible only during the summer, consists of mosses and very short grasses. Leave your umbrella on the bus, but keep your jacket nearby. ____________________________________________________________ 6. You will recognize winter here because of the mild, but rainy, weather conditions. Scrub forest or chaparral indicate a dry, hot summer due to wind patterns and closeness to the equator. Proximity to the ocean helps to moderate the climate. ________________________________________________________________________ 7. While total rainfall may be ten inches or less in this climate region, underground water may surface and provide for the needs of nomadic herders. Soil may be fertile but is of value only when irrigation is used. Extremes of temperature are common. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. Dress warmly. The average temperature in this region never exceeds freezing. Vegetation is nonexistent and ice may reach two miles in thickness. Animal life is limited to predators which exist on marine life from the frigid waters. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Coniferous trees are plentiful here and clothing, especially in the summer, will help to protect you against mosquito bites. The subsoil is permanently frozen, although temperatures during the short summer may reach as high as 120ºF. ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. This climate region is found in the Northern Hemisphere. Winters vary in length and temperature, but bring light clothing if you plan to stay through the summer months. Vegetation includes deciduous forests, coniferous trees, mixed forests, and grasslands. Precipitation occurs throughout the year. ________________________________ 11. This climate region can be found where you live – the southeastern United States. This is the place for those who don’t appreciate snow because winters are typically short and mild. However, as you already know it’s best to keep an umbrella nearby as rain can be expected nearly year round. ___________________________________ 12. Be sure to pack a variety of clothing because despite your latitude the higher you climb the colder it will become. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Climate Regions and Vegetation Chart Directions: The chart below provides a description of the vegetation in each climate sub-region. Define the terms in bold. Climate Region Climate sub-region What is the typical vegetation in each climate sub-region? Tropical Rainforest Tropical Rainforest – thick, lush vegetation that grows in layers, tall teak and mahogany trees, dense patches of bushes and vines; jungle Tropical Savannas Tropical Savannas – dry tough ground covered with clumps of coarse grass and some scattered trees Desert Desert – scattered scrub and cactus, short trees and shrubs, plants that tolerate low humidity and wide temperature ranges Tropical Dry Oasis – ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Steppe Steppe – dry, treeless grasslands Marine west coast Marine west coast – Coniferous trees – _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Deciduous trees – _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Mixed forests – _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Mediterranean Mediterranean – Mid-latitude Chaparral – _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Humid subtropical Humid subtropical – prairies, forests of evergreen and deciduous trees, swamps Prairies – ______________________________________________ Swamp – a mixture of aquatic plants and trees such as cypress trees and water lilies Humid continental Humid continental – evergreen and some deciduous trees Subarctic Subarctic – only a small part of thawed soil, needled evergreens Permafrost – ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Taiga – ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ High-latitude Tundra Tundra – trees cannot establish roots, low bushes, short grasses, mosses, and lichens Lichens – ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Ice Cap Highlands Ice caps – only lichens can survive there Varies with elevation – mixed forests at the base of mountain ranges with meadows with small trees, shrubs, and wildflowers on the mountainsides 11 Climate Regions Chart Climate Region Sub-regions Tropical Tropic rain forest 30ºN - 30ºS Tropical rain forest – South America (Amazon River basin), Caribbean, Asia (Indonesia), Africa Tropical rain forest – hot (average temperatures of 80ºF) and wet (almost daily rain) Tropical savanna Low latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn Tropical savanna - Africa, India, South America Tropical savanna – dry winters and wet summers, high year round temperatures Steppe Desert - Many parts of the world Desert – Africa (Sahara), Australia, western/mid-western U.S. Desert – dry, sparse plant life, low average rainfall (10 inches or less), temperatures vary Desert Steppe – bordering the deserts Steppe – Eastern Europe and western & central Asia, North America, South America, and Australia Steppe – average rainfall of 10 – 20 inches per year Marine west coast Marine west coast – between 30ºN and 60ºS along western coast lines Marine west coast – Pacific coast of North America, much of Europe, parts of South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand Marine west coast – cool summers, damp winters, high rainfall Mediterranean Mediterranean – surrounding the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean – surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, southern California, southern Australia Mediterranean – mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers Humid subtropical Humid subtropical – east coasts Humid subtropical – southeastern U.S., parts of South America, Asia Humid subtropical – short, mild winters and nearly year-round rain, high humidity Humid continental Humid continental – Russia, Northern U.S. Humid continental – southern Canada, western Russia, northeastern China Humid continental – severe and snowy winters, short, cool summers Subarctic Subarctic – south of the Arctic Circle Subarctic – northern part of the Northern Hemisphere (Alaska, Canada, Russia) Subarctic – bitterly cold winters and short, cool summers, have the world’s widest temperature ranges (120ºF variation between winter and summer) Tundra Tundra – closer to the polar regions Tundra – far northern part of the Northern Hemisphere Tundra – very cold, winter darkness and cold last for half of the year, the sun’s indirect rays bring constant summer light but little heat Ice caps – Antarctica, Greenland’s interior Ice caps – covered with ice 2 miles thick, temperatures average below freezing Asia The higher the elevation the cooler the temperature Dry Midlatitude Highlatitude Where is each subregion located? Ice Cap Highlands High elevations (mountain areas) What continents and/or countries are located within the climate subregions? What are the characteristics of each climate sub-region? (temperature, rainfall, etc…) 12 Cultural Characteristics Chart Country Major Language Major Religion Basic Religious Beliefs Major Ethnic Groups 13 Earth’s Seasons Directions: Use the diagram below to complete the Earth’s Seasons chart. Earth’s Seasons Month and Date March 21st Does the month and date correspond with an equinox or solstice? Where do the sun’s rays directly strike the earth? _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ What season is it in the northern hemisphere? June 21st _______________ day of sunlight in the northern hemisphere September 23rd What season is it in the southern hemisphere? _______________ day of sunlight in the southern hemisphere _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ day of sunlight in the northern hemisphere _______________ day of sunlight in the southern hemisphere December 22nd 14 Earth’s Spheres Directions: Place the following objects into the correct physical system. Be prepared to defend your decisions. HELP! A group of students has collected eight items from various parts of the earth. Now that they have returned to class, no one can remember which items they collected from which physical process. Can you help these students classify the following objects into their correct physical system? Items collected: Fertile soil Oxygen Glacier ice Sedimentary rock Ants Nitrogen Salt water Oak tree leaves Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere 15 Earth’s Spheres Directions: Place the following objects into the correct physical system. Be prepared to defend your decisions. HELP! A group of students has collected eight items from various parts of the earth. Now that they have returned to class, no one can remember which items they collected from which physical process. Can you help these students classify the following objects into their correct physical system? Items collected: Fertile soil Oxygen Glacier ice Sedimentary rock Ants Nitrogen Salt water Oak tree leaves Atmosphere Nitrogen Oxygen Lithosphere Sedimentary rock Fertile soil Hydrosphere Glacier ice Salt water Biosphere Ants Oak tree leaves Oxygen Fertile soil Salt Water Glacier ice Sedimentary rock 16 Economic Chart Country Per Capita Income GDP Standard of Living Quality of Major Life Natural Resources Type of Economy Major Economic Activities Major Exports Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu 17 Economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia Country Type of Economy Major Exports Major Imports Developed or Developing Country 18 Economy Poster Country: Type of economy: Per capita income: GDP: Standard of living: 19 Features of Canada and the United States Canada United States 20 Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 1 Hurricane Katrina Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Latitude 23.4° N 24.4° N 25.1° N 26.9° N 28.8° N Longitude 76.0° W 84.4° W 86.8° W 89.0° W 89.6° W Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 2 Hurricane Ivan Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Latitude 12.7° N 15.5° N 20.6° N 25.1° N 30.9° N Longitude 66.2° W 73.3° W 84.4° W 87.2° W 87.7° W Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 3 Hurricane Camille Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Latitude 19.4° N 23.7° N 26.0° N 29.4° N 32.2° N Longitude 82.0° W 85.9° W 87.7° W 89.1° W 90.0° W 21 Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 1 Hurricane Katrina Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Buras, Louisiana Latitude 23.4° N 24.4° N 25.1° N 26.9° N 28.8° N Longitude 76.0° W 84.4° W 86.8° W 89.0° W 89.6° W Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 2 Hurricane Ivan Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Mobile Bay, Alabama Latitude 12.7° N 15.5° N 20.6° N 25.1° N 30.9° N Longitude 66.2° W 73.3° W 84.4° W 87.2° W 87.7° W Hurricane Tracking: Latitude and Longitude Exercise 3 Hurricane Camille Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Landfall Location: Pass Christian, Mississippi Latitude 19.4° N 23.7° N 26.0° N 29.4° N 32.2° N Longitude 82.0° W 85.9° W 87.7° W 89.1° W 90.0° W 22 February 27, 2002 In Corn's Cradle, U.S. Imports Bury Family Farms By TIM WEINER MANZANILLO, Mexico — For many generations, corn has been the sacred center of civilization in Mexico, the place where the grain was first cultivated some 5,000 years ago. Gods and goddesses of corn filled the dreams and visions of the great civilizations that rose and fell here before the Spaniards came five centuries ago. Today the corn tortilla is consumed at almost every meal. Among the poor, sometimes it is the entire meal. Lynsey Addario/Saba, for The New York Times Lorenzo Rebollo, a farmer in Manzanillo, Mexico, says he cannot compete with the corn imported from the United States. "We work the land all our lives," he said. "But the farmers are growing more and getting less." But the modern world is closing in on the little patch of maize, known as the milpa, that has sustained millions of Mexicans through the centuries. The powerful force of American agribusiness, unleashed in Mexico by the North American Free Trade Agreement, may doom the growing of corn as a way of life for family farmers here, agronomists and economists say. Lorenzo Rebollo, a 53-year-old dirt farmer, works two and a half acres of corn and beans here on the slopes of the eastern state of Michoacán, in Mexico's central highlands, where corn was first grown as a food crop, archaeologists say. Mr. Rebollo is one of about 3 million Mexicans who farm corn and support roughly 15 million family members. His grown sons have left for the United States to make a living, and Mr. Rebollo says he may be the last man to farm this patch of earth. It is the same story all over Mexico: thousands of farmers pulling up stakes every year, heading for Mexico City or the United States. Some grew coffee or cut sugar cane. But most grew corn. The New York Times Roughly a quarter of the corn in Mexico is now imported from the United States. Men like Mr. Rebollo cannot compete against the mechanized, subsidized giants of American agriculture. "Corn growing has basically collapsed in Mexico," Carlos Heredia Zubieta, an economist and a member of Mexico's Congress, said in a recent speech to an American audience. "The flood of imports of basic grains has ravaged the countryside, so the corn growers are here instead of working in the fields." The facts are stark. Since Nafta took effect eight years ago, imports of corn to Mexico from the United States have increased nearly eighteenfold, according to the United States Department of Agriculture. The imports will probably keep growing for the next six years as the final phases of Nafta take effect. In the United States, corn growers receive billions of dollars a year in subsidies from Congress, much of it 23 going to huge agribusiness operations. That policy fuels huge surpluses and pushes corn prices down. Free trade and Mexico's own farm policies "threaten the ability of Mexican farmers to continue to grow corn," said Alejandro Nadal, a professor at the Colegio de México and the author of a study on the issue. In Mexico, Nafta did away with many traditional subsidies and generous price supports. Some contend it is doing away with small farmers. About 90 percent of Mexico's corn farmers work fields of five acres or less, and their survival instincts are driving them farther and farther up Mexico's mountainsides as they strive to grow enough to get by. "We work the land all our lives," Mr. Rebollo said. "But the farmers are growing more and getting less." Under a slowly lifting ceiling, the United States will be able to export all the corn it wants to Mexico, duty free, by 2008. Nafta's drafters told Mexico's farmers that as the ceiling lifted, the price of corn in Mexico would slowly fall toward United States and international prices over the 15-year period. But instead, prices plunged quickly, converging with the free-market price by 1997. This was good news for big companies in Mexico importing corn for animal feed and processed food. But it was hard on the farmers, who have little political clout under the government of President Vicente Fox, an ardent free-trader. The effect of American imports on Mexican agriculture was not unforeseen. "Integration into the global economy will also accelerate the social dislocation that rapid modernization inevitably brings to a developing economy," Bernard Aronson, a former assistant secretary of state for Latin American affairs, wrote eight years ago as the trade pact took effect. But some things were not predicted. One unforeseen result of the collapse of corn farming, Mr. Nadal warns, will be the loss of genetically unique kinds of corn. As imports grow and farmers give up their fields, he said, ancient varieties like the succulent blue corn used for tortillas may be endangered. Some may already be lost, he said. "If traditional growers abandon corn production — as the Nafta strategy foresees — then even more significant genetic erosion will occur," he said. The importation of bioengineered corn from the United States is a separate but heated issue. Mexico's government does not permit the planting of genetically modified corn. But the new modified breeds can be imported as food or feed. The science journal Nature and Mexico's government published findings last year showing that bioengineered genes from American imports have invaded ancient varieties of corn in the state of Oaxaca. Nafta has had demonstrable benefits for many sectors of the Mexican economy that have become competitive, and Mr. Fox says it is no longer possible for the government to step in and assist farmers. State legislators who want Mexico to protect its corn the way Japan protects its rice have had no luck swaying him. Mr. Fox's agriculture minister, Javier Usabiaga — a highly successful exporter known as the Garlic King in Guanajuato, his home state as well as Mr. Fox's — says that a farmer who cannot survive in the 21st century is simply "going to have to find another job." Farmers like Mr. Rebollo are regarded as artifacts of an earlier, simpler age. "I have this little bit of land, and I work it, and it's good hard work," he said as he walked his fallow field. "But I think when I go it will go too." 24 Middle East Resources http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/default.stm BBC Current News Articles of events taking place in the Middle East. Summaries of countries involved in war, health issues of people, and economy of middle eastern countries. http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/ Middle East Online; record of fatal attacks in Iraq; military deaths, progress of war http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east.html Middle East Maps: Past, Present, Historical, Blank http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/places/regions/region_middleeast.html Current Articles, Photos, Maps, People of Middle East www.4teachers.org Track Star Activities o 257503—Conflicts of Middle East o 247376—Inside Al-Qaeda, History of Middle East, Israel o 255185—Oil Crisis: What would you do? (Gulf War, Foreign Policy, Natural resources www.unitedstraemin.com Video Clips on Middle East o Israel & Palestine: The Fight for Peace o Middle East: The Land of Contrast 25 Oil Drilling in Alaska Becomes Focus Of Political and Environmental Debate WASHINGTON, May 25, 2006 — Citing the public outcry over $3 a gallon gasoline and America’s heavy reliance on foreign oil, the House again voted Thursday to approve drilling for oil and gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. It was at least the 12th time that the House had voted to allow energy exploration in a small piece of the preserve's 19 million acres along the northern coastal plain of Alaska. The final tally was 225 to 201, with 27 Democrats joining the majority and 30 Republicans voting against. But given the Senate's recent disposition toward drilling in the Arctic, the vote may be little more than symbolic. Since 1995, when Congress passed an arctic drilling bill and President Bill Clinton vetoed it, Senate proponents of drilling have failed to gather the 60 votes needed to end a filibuster against it. The outcome is expected Drilling in the Arctic has become a major fault line in the debate over how to wean the nation from foreign oil and bring down gasoline prices. The National Refuge The refuge known as ANWR, was created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower who placed the land and its wildlife under federal protection. The area, mostly frozen tundra, lies north of the Arctic Circle and is home to more than 45 species of land and marine mammals. Millions of migratory birds nest along its coastal plains, and polar bears, grizzly bears, moose and caribou roam free. The refuge also houses a tribe of 220 Native Alaskans. lies north of the Arctic Circle and is home to more than 45 species of land and marine mammals. Millions of migratory birds nest along its coastal plains, and polar bears, grizzly bears, moose and caribou roam free. The refuge also houses a tribe of 220 Native Alaskans. Environmentalists refer to the region as "North America's Serengeti," after the fertile plains of East Africa where thousands of animal species travel during an annual migration. But ANWR also sits above one of the countries largest untapped oil reserves, according to government geologists. In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, the government agency that studies natural resources, estimated that the region could contain about 10.4 billion barrels of undeveloped oil. The argument over whether to begin looking for that oil has pitted oil industry advocates against environmentalists who argue that introducing oil pipelines, drilling platforms and other exploration equipment could harm the land and its inhabitants. The Possibilities of Black Gold According to the mostly Republicans who voted to allow drilling in ANWR, the amount of oil present in the region could have a significant impact on U.S. oil production. American oil companies currently produce 2.1 billion barrels of oil a year, mostly from Alaska, California and Texas. However, that output is only 30 percent of total U.S. consumption - 7 26 billion barrels a year. The remaining oil is imported from countries in the Middle East and Africa. Unrest in that region and skyrocketing oil prices have left U.S. companies demanding other alternatives. "ANWR, with the potential for 1 million barrels of oil a day, will be the most significant onshore production capacity of any onshore area in the United States," said New Mexico Republican Sen. Pete Domenici. President Bush has argued that opening part of the refuge to drilling could benefit the economy in several ways, especially as oil prices -- and thus gas prices -- have hit record highs recently. "Developing a small section of ANWR would not only create thousands of new jobs, but it would eventually reduce our dependence on foreign oil by up to a million barrels of oil a day," the president said. Opposition to Drilling The Sierra Club, a nonprofit environmental group, has argued that even if American companies were allowed to drill oil from ANWR, the small amount they would get, would not benefit consumers. "With only 5 percent of the world's population, the U.S. consumes 26 percent of the world's oil," the organization reported. "At its peak of production, Arctic Refuge oil could supply perhaps 1 percent of America's energy needs at any given time -- not enough to put a dent in our dependence on foreign oil." The organization has called on President Bush to revise his energy plan to include other sources of energy. "Our nation needs a comprehensive energy policy based on conservation, alternative energy sources, and improved efficiency standards -- such as making our cars go farther on a gallon of gas." If the government does allow companies to begin drilling in the refuge, it could take up to 12 years for oil to reach the market 27 Oil Drilling in Alaska Becomes Focus of Political and Environmental Reading Comprehension Questions: 1. What did the Senate vote on recently that affects the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge? 2. Why was the vote important to President Bush? 3. Why is ANWR a wildlife refuge? 4. Why is ANWR attractive to many oil companies? 5. What reasons do Republicans give in favor of opening ANWR to drilling? 6. What is the argument against drilling in ANWR? 7. What is the Sierra Club's answer to high gas and oil prices? 28 Possible Discussion Activities (more research might be needed): 1. Given the arguments from Republican lawmakers and environmentalists, do you think the government should allow oil companies to drill in ANWR? Why or why not? 2. Do you think maintaining the Alaska refuge is more important than keeping gasoline prices low for American consumers and possibly helping the economy as a whole? 3. What are other sources of energy the government should consider to help lower gas prices? 4. The Sierra Club has said, "With only 5 percent of the world's population, the U.S. consumes 26 percent of the world's oil." Is this a problem? Are Americans consuming too much oil or is the consumption justified because it is a large industrialized nation? 5. During class time, partners should decide what their overall opinion is on the subject of drilling in Alaska. Are they pro or con on the issue? The pair should then prepare a poster presentation and a short discussion (no more than 5 minutes) presenting their points. Their goal is to persuade the rest of the class of their ideas. 29 Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union Split-page Notetaking Guide Topic: Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union When was the Soviet Union created and by whom? Time period: ___________________ Why was the Soviet Union created? What type of government did it have? Describe this type of government. What type of economic policy did the government have? What was life like for the average citizen? What was the Soviet Union’s role in the Cold War? Give specific examples. Describe the culture under Soviet rule. Who were the major leaders of the Soviet Union and what were their influential policies? Why did the Soviet Union fall? When did the Soviet Union dissolve? 30 Rule of 72 Worksheet Predict the doubling time of country and world populations by applying the Rule of 72, which is determined by subtracting a country’s death rate from its birth rate. Use Rule 72 to complete the table below. Then compute as follows: Population Growth Rate equals birth rate minus death rate (expressed as a percentage). Dividing 72 by the growth rate produces the number of years needed for population to double. Region Population 2000 North America Sub-Saharan Africa China India World 481,000,000 611,000,000 1,250,000,000 1,000,000,000 6,000,000,000 Growth Rate 0.6 2.6 1.0 1.8 1.4 Years to Double 120 _____ _____ _____ _____ 31 Rule of 72 Worksheet Predict the doubling time of country and world populations by applying the Rule of 72, which is determined by subtracting a country’s death rate from its birth rate. Use Rule 72 to complete the table below. Then compute as follows: Population Growth Rate equals birth rate minus death rate (expressed as a percentage). Dividing 72 by the growth rate produces the number of years needed for population to double. Region Population 2000 North America Sub-Saharan Africa China India World 481,000,000 611,000,000 1,250,000,000 1,000,000,000 6,000,000,000 Growth Rate 0.6 2.6 1.0 1.8 1.4 Years to Double 120 27.7 72 40 51.4 32 Sample Questioning the Author Cuban Missile Crisis Newspaper Article Goal Initiate discussion. Focus on author’s message. Link information. Identify difficulties with the way the author has presented the information or ideas. Encourage students to refer to the text because they have misinterpreted or to help them recognize that they have made an inference. Query What is the author trying to say? What does the article say? Why did the author choose the words he did? What does the article really mean? How does this connect with information we have already learned? How does this fit with what the author has stated earlier in the article? Does the article make sense? Are all items explained clearly? Why or why not? What questions do we still have? Did the author tell us that? 33 Seven Natural Wonders of Africa There are some things in nature that are so amazing that they are called natural wonders. A natural wonder is a geological feature (something created by nature) that is amazing and wonderful. The African continent contains many of these natural wonders. The Seven Natural Wonders of Africa The Nile River Mount Kilimanjaro The Great Rift Valley The Serengeti Plains The Sahara Desert Victoria Lake and Falls Table Mountain Using maps of Africa and several pictures locate and describe the seven wonders of Africa. Traveling to the Seven Wonders In groups, select one of Africa’s seven natural wonders and construct a travel brochure for someone who is interested in visiting the wonder. Include the following in the brochure: Pictures of the natural wonder which include captions describing the picture Explain (1) the natural wonder, (2) other things that may be seen when traveling to this location, (3) the climate / weather in this location, and (4) the culture in this location (food, religion, language, etc). 34 Split-Page Notetaking Topic: What injustice was/is occurring? Time period: ___________________ Why was/is this injustice happening? How did/does the injustice impact population? What impact did/does this injustice have on migration? 35 Split-page Notetaking Guide Topic: Why did this occur? Time period: ___________________ What groups were involved in the conflict? What were the results of the conflict? How did/does the conflict impact migration? 36 Split-page Notetaking Guide Topic: Aborigine Migration What impact did climate have on migration? What impact did environment have on migration? What impact did economy have on migration? What impact did traditions have on migration? What impact did new opportunities have on migration? 37 Standard of Living Game Cards POPULATION: 1,221,591,778 AREA: 9,326,410 sq km China NATURAL RESOURCES: Coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, manganese, iron ore, aluminum, mercury, petroleum, tin, uranium, hydropower PER CAPITA INCOME: $4,990 POPULATION: 45,948,811 AREA: 98,480 sq km South Korea NATURAL RESOURCES: Coal, tungsten, graphite, lead, hydropower PER CAPIA INCOME: $17,930 POPULATION: 127,463,611 Japan AREA: 377,835 sq km NATURAL RESOURCES: Mineral resources, fish PER CAPITA INCOME: $28,620 38 Mongolia POPULATION: 2,832,224 AREA: 1,564,116 sq km NATURAL RESOURCES: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron PER CAPITA INCOME: $ 1,900 POPULATION: 23,113,019 AREA: 120,540 sq km North Korea NATURAL RESOURCES: coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower PER CAPITA INCOME: $ 1,700 POPULATION: 23,036,087 Taiwan AREA: 35,980 sq km NATURAL RESOURCES: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos PER CAPITA INCOME: $ 27,600 39 WTO NAFTA CAFTA 40 Vocabulary Self-Awareness Chart Term + √ - I fully understand the meaning of the term. I have some understanding of the meaning of the term. I do not understand the meaning of the term. Explanation / Definition Example / Sketch 41 What’s On Your Face? Why are masks important to African traditions and cultures? Many museums and stores contain African masks. Consider why they were made or what they are used for. Although masking ceremonies are not as common in Africa as they once were, masks are still looked at as an important part of African culture and history and are still used in important rituals and celebrations. You will learn how the masks were used in Africa, about the many ethnic groups in Africa, and how to make an African mask using paper mache! Your Task: Your classroom is being transformed into an African Art museum. You have been hired as a curator to help design the African Mask exhibit. In order to complete your task, you will need to: 1. Choose an African mask (http://www.my-ecoach.com/resources/masks/mask.html) Record the URL where you found the mask If the mask has a name, record it Describe how the mask looks (color, design, features, etc) Create a sketch of the mask including the features and colors or print a color copy of the mask 2. Research the Tribe in which the mask is from. What tribe is the mask from? Where is the tribe located in African? (provide the name of the country and the village/city) What physical characteristics are common to this place? (landforms, waterways, climate, vegetation, etc) 3. Recreate the Mask using paper mache. 4. Write a Museum Piece that describes your mask and tribe. Location – Write 1 paragraph that describes the country where the ethnic group is located. Include the geographic information as well as interesting facts. Ceremonial Use – Write 1 paragraph that describes the ethnic group and the use of the mask. 42 World Population Data Table Directions: Gather information from the 2007 World Population Data Sheet to complete the World Population Data Table below. Regions Data ↓ Africa Asia Europe Latin America United States Overall = Overall = Overall = Overall = Overall = Males = Males = Males = Males = Males = Females = Females = Females = Females = Females = Population in millions (mid-2007) Birth Rate annual number of births per 1,000 people Death Rate annual number of deaths per 1,000 people Infant Mortality Rate number of deaths each year of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births Life Expectancy number of years that an individual is expected to live Percentage of population with HIV/AIDS (ages 15 – 49) 43 Directions: Use the information from the World Population Data Table to complete the chart below. Indicate which regions have the highest and lowest rates. Highest Lowest Population Birth Rate Death Rate Infant Mortality Rate Life expectancy Percentage of population with HIV/AIDS 44
