Download to Key Terms - Bakersfield College

KEY TERMS FROM VISUALIZING GEOLOGY
KEY TERMS CHAPTER 1
Geology
System
Lithosphere
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Hydrologic cycle
Rock cycle
Tectonic cycle
Meteorite
Crust
Mantle
Core
Oceanic crust
Continental crust
Plate tectonics
uniformitarianism
Key Terms Chapter 2
Element
Atom
Isotopes
Compound
Molecule
Bond (covalent, ionic)
Mineral
Crystal
Luster
Hardness
Streak
Rock
Igneous, sedimentary,
metamorphic rocks
magma
Key Terms Chapter 3
Relative age
Stratigraphy
Absolute (numerical
age)
Unconformity (angular,
disconformity,
nonconformity)
Law of superposition
Original horizontality
Cross-cutting
relationships
Paleontology
Correlation
Geologic column (time
scale)
Radioactivity
Half-life
Radiometric dating
Paleomagnetism
Magnetic reversal
Key Terms Chapter 4
Continental drift
Sea-floor spreading
Plate tectonics
Divergent margin
Convergent margin
Conservative
(transform) margin
Subduction zone
Convection
Tectonic cycle
Volcanic arc
Island arc
Isostasy
Polar wandering
Key Terms Chapter 5
Seismology
Elastic rebound theory
Seismic wave (P and S
waves, body and surface
waves, compressional
and shear waves)
Paleoseimology
Seismogram
Focus and epicenter
Richter and moment
magnitudes
Mercalli intensity
Refraction and reflection
Crust
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Core
Key Terms Chapter 6
Volcano (shield,
stratovolcano, composite
cone, cinder cone)
Lava
Magma
Pyroclastic
Pyroclastic flows
Viscosity
Fractional melt,
fractionation, fractional
crystallalization
Crystallization
Volcanic and plutonic
rocks
Pluton (batholith, stock,
laccolith, sill, dike)
Key Terms Chapter 7
Weathering
Regolith
Soil
Mechanical and
chemical weathering
Joint
Dissolution
Clay
Sand
Humus
Soil horizon (O, A, E, B,
C), soil profile
Erosion
Bed load
Suspended load
Saltation
Glacier
Mass wasting
Slope failure
Flow
Creep
Key Terms Chapter 8
Deposition
Clastic (detrital)
sediment
Chemical sediment
Biogenic sediment
Lithification
Bedding (lamina)
Bedding surface (plane)
Compaction
Cementation
Recrystalization
Diagenisis
Comglomerate
Sandstone
Siltstone
Mudstone
Shale
Clay
Evaporite
Banded iron formation
Limestone (carbonite)
Peat
Coal (lignite,
bituminous, anthracite)
Delta
Eolian, lacustrine,
fluvial sediments
Estuary
Turbidity current
(turbidite)
Rift valley
Depositional
environment
Key Terms Chapter 9
Stress and Strain
Pressure
Compression, tension,
shear
Elastic, brittle, plastic
(ductile) deformation
Craton
Orogen
Isostasy
Structural geology
Strike and dip
Normal, reverse, thrust,
strike-slip faults
Folds (limbs, axes)
Anticline, syncline,
monocline
Geologic and
topographic maps
Geologic cross section
Key Terms Chapter 10
Metamorphism (low to
high grade)
Foliation
Slaty cleavage
Schistosity
Slate
Phyllite
Gneiss
Quartzite
Marble
Migmatite
Contact, regional, burial
metamorphism
Metamorphic facies
Key Terms Chapter 11
Evaporation,
transpiration,
condensation,
precipitation,
sublimation
Runoff, infiltration
Stream
Channel
Gradient
Stream profile
Discharge
Load
Floodplain
Alluvium
Drainage basin, divide
Flood
Groundwater
Water table
Porosity and
permeability
Percolation
Recharge and discharge
Spring
Aquifer and aquitard
(aquiclude)
Cave
Karst topography
Speleothems (stalactites
and stalagmites)
Key Terms Chapter 12
Salinity
Tides (ebb, flood,
spring, neap)
Tidal delta
Waves, surf
Longshore currents,
transport
Beach drift, beach
erosion
Wave-cut cliff
Spit
Baymouth bar
Tombolo
Barrier island
Emergent coastline,
elevated wave-cut
terrace
Submergent coastline,
estuary
Continental shelf, slope,
rise
Abyssal plain
Mid-ocean ridge
Reef
Greenhouse effect
Ozone layer
Coriolis effect
Key Terms Chapter 13
Desert
Arid, semi-arid
Sub-tropical high
Rain shadow
Saltation, angle of
repose
Suspension, loess
Dunes (star, barchan,
parabolic, longitudinal,
transverse)
Deflation, desert
pavement, blowout
Abrasion, ventifact
Desertification
Cryosphere
Glacier
Till, glacial drift
Moraines (medial,
lateral, end, terminal,
recessional)
Permafrost
Glaciation, ice age
Permafrost
Key Terms Chapter 14
Photosynthesis
Cell
DNA
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes
Domain
Evolution, natural
selection
Species
Fossil
Trace fossil
Kingdom
Gymnosperm,
angiosperm
Mass extinction
Key Terms Chapter 15
Natural resource
Renewable and nonrenewable resources
Fossil fuel
Peat, lignite,
bituminous, anthracite
coals
Petroleum, oil and
natural gas, tar sand and
oil shale
Biomass energy
Nuclear energy
Hydroelectric energy
Solar, tidal, wind energy
Ore