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Symbol and Pronunciation Key
Chapter

2: Presenting Data in
Tables and Charts
Symbol


Meaning
Pronunciation
N
n


X
Population size
Sample size
Population Mean
Operation of Adding
Adding a group of values
x
2

S
Sample mean
Population variance
Population standard deviation
sample standard deviation
P(A)
P(A and B)
P(A or B)
P(A|B)
Probability of A
Probability of A and B
Probability of A or B
Probability of A given B has
happened
P of A
P of A and B
P of A or B
P of A given B
n!
n times n-1 times n-2 …..
n factorial
n
 
 x
the number of ways to choose x
objects from a group of n objects
n combination x
x
Mean of the distribution of sample
means
Population standard error of the
sample means
Population proportion
Sample proportion
mu x bar
3:Summarizing and
Describing Numerical
Data
mu
sigma or sum
sigma X or sum
of X
X bar
sigma squared
sigma
4: Basic probability
5: Discrete Probability
Distributions
6: Normal Distribution
and Sampling
Distributions
x
p
ps
sigma x bar
p sub s
7: Confidence Interval
Estimation

E
d.f.
Level of significance
Margin of error
Degrees of freedom
alpha
e
H0
H1
Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
H0
H1
n1
n2
X1
Number of observations in sample 1
Number of observations in sample 2
Mean from first sample
n1
n2
x bar 1
X2
Mean from second sample
x bar 2
s 2p
Pooled sample variance
s squared p
D
Population mean of the difference
between dependent samples
Sample mean of the difference
between dependent samples
Sample variance of the difference
between dependent samples
8: Hypothesis Testing,
One-Sample Tests
9: Two-Sample Tests
D
s D2
d bar
s squared d
10: ANOVA
MSA
MSW
Mean square among groups
Mean square within groups
0
1
b0
b1
s b1
Population intercept
Population slope
Sample intercept
Sample slope
Standard error of the slope
12: Simple Regression and
Correlation
beta 0
beta 1
b0
b1
sb1
r2
SYX
SST
SSR
SSE
MSR
MSE
DW
Yˆ

r
Coefficient of determination
Standard error of the estimate
Total sum of squares
Regression sum of squares
Error sum of squares
Mean square regression
Mean square error
Durbin-Watson statistic
Predicted value of the dependent
variable
Population correlation coefficient
Sample correlation coefficient
VIF
Variance inflation factor
13: Multiple Regression
r square
y hat
rho
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