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Symbol and Pronunciation Key Chapter 2: Presenting Data in Tables and Charts Symbol Meaning Pronunciation N n X Population size Sample size Population Mean Operation of Adding Adding a group of values x 2 S Sample mean Population variance Population standard deviation sample standard deviation P(A) P(A and B) P(A or B) P(A|B) Probability of A Probability of A and B Probability of A or B Probability of A given B has happened P of A P of A and B P of A or B P of A given B n! n times n-1 times n-2 ….. n factorial n x the number of ways to choose x objects from a group of n objects n combination x x Mean of the distribution of sample means Population standard error of the sample means Population proportion Sample proportion mu x bar 3:Summarizing and Describing Numerical Data mu sigma or sum sigma X or sum of X X bar sigma squared sigma 4: Basic probability 5: Discrete Probability Distributions 6: Normal Distribution and Sampling Distributions x p ps sigma x bar p sub s 7: Confidence Interval Estimation E d.f. Level of significance Margin of error Degrees of freedom alpha e H0 H1 Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis H0 H1 n1 n2 X1 Number of observations in sample 1 Number of observations in sample 2 Mean from first sample n1 n2 x bar 1 X2 Mean from second sample x bar 2 s 2p Pooled sample variance s squared p D Population mean of the difference between dependent samples Sample mean of the difference between dependent samples Sample variance of the difference between dependent samples 8: Hypothesis Testing, One-Sample Tests 9: Two-Sample Tests D s D2 d bar s squared d 10: ANOVA MSA MSW Mean square among groups Mean square within groups 0 1 b0 b1 s b1 Population intercept Population slope Sample intercept Sample slope Standard error of the slope 12: Simple Regression and Correlation beta 0 beta 1 b0 b1 sb1 r2 SYX SST SSR SSE MSR MSE DW Yˆ r Coefficient of determination Standard error of the estimate Total sum of squares Regression sum of squares Error sum of squares Mean square regression Mean square error Durbin-Watson statistic Predicted value of the dependent variable Population correlation coefficient Sample correlation coefficient VIF Variance inflation factor 13: Multiple Regression r square y hat rho