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Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 1 The History of Haiku Haiku poems were first written in Japan but by today they are seen in many languages, including English. Modern Haiku comes from an old poetic form called tanka written in the seventh century. Tanka means ‘short poem’. Later, in the twelfth century, tankas were linked to make renga. This is a form of poetry where poets worked together on different stanzas. The first stanza of renga was called the hokku. A tan-renga is a short renga. One poet would write the first three lines of the poetic chain (5-7-5), and then a different poet would complete the chain by writing a 7-7 section. Longer rengas could be up to one hundred verses long! These are called chō-renga. Traditionally, haiku poets had to use kigo - this is a word referring to season - in the first verse of renga. This is why, in today’s haiku, haiku poets often write about the seasons. They also had to try and show the setting or situation. In Japanese, haiku are traditionally written on one vertical line. Matsuo Basho (1644-94) is one of the most famous Haiku and Renga poets. He was a bit of a rebel and the first to develop a new form of renga called renku. Instead of keeping the poem very serious, Basho’s poems were funnier and wittier. Haiku was given its current name by another Japanese writer called Masaoka Shiki (1867 -1902). Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 2 Haiku’s Journey 短歌 短連歌 長連歌 連歌 連句 発句 俳句 tanka tan-renga chō-renga renga renku hokku Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk haiku Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 3 The Features of Poem in three lines: Five syllables, then seven, Five again; no rhyme. Normally, haiku poems do not rhyme. Generally, haiku work with the ordinary facts of daily life. A haiku poem usually focuses on one theme and focuses our attention on one single moment. One of the greatest surprises of this form of poetry is that in the ordinary, or simple, one can find the amazing. Haiku usually contains a pivot word that turns the movement of the poem in some way. Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 4 You moths must leave now; I am turning out the light and going to sleep. Richard Wright Read Richard Wright’s haiku poem above and answer the following questions. HINT: A syllable is a unit of sound (a beat or a chunk) in a word. All words have at least one syllable. How many syllables are there in your name? 1. How many lines are there in a haiku in English? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. How many syllables are there in the first line? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. How many syllables are there in the second line? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. How many syllables are there in line three? ___________________________________________________________________ Awake at night - the sound of the water jar cracking in the cold. Matsuo Basho What is ‘wrong’ with Basho’s haiku? Can you think of two reasons to explain why? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 5 TASK - Give each haiku a title. - Explain your choice. - Note the mood of the haiku and how it makes you feel. - Try and explain the poet’s viewpoint. Title:______________________________ The first one has been done for you. A giant firefly: that way, this way, that way, this and it passes by. Title: Haikus Easy? Ha! Reason:______________________________ To convey one’s mood _____________________________________ in seventeen syllables _____________________________________ is very difficult. __ Reason: The poet uses humour to comment on how difficult it is to write a perfect haiku. The haiku is even funnier as s/he actually succeeds. Title:______________________________ Everywhere it drips. Webs beaded with jewellery. Title:______________________________ I thought of myself under cemetery mud and put flowers there. Morning is still new. Reason:______________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __ Reason:______________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __ Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 6 Title:______________________________ Mushroom in the sky. Eighty thousand people die without knowing why. Reason:______________________________ Title:______________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __ Mysterious bug, in scarlet cape with black dots, creeps upon a leaf. Title:______________________________ Reason:______________________________ _____________________________________ Come, Mister Jack Frost, sprinkle all your icy dust. _____________________________________ __ Freeze the world again. Reason:______________________________ _____________________________________ Title:______________________________ _____________________________________ __ All done without thought. Dogs taste blood. A fox is caught. Title:______________________________ They call it sport. A class in silence Reason:______________________________ works through an English lesson. _____________________________________ All of them asleep. _____________________________________ __ Reason:______________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __ Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku 7 TASK Write five haiku poems. 1) Read the words below to give you some ideas for writing a poem on one of the seasons. 2) Write a haiku poem about haikus. 3) Choose another topic - something personal to you and your life. 4) Choose another topic. This time, link it to a character or theme in a play or novel you are studying or have studied. 5) Choose another topic. This time, write about an issue to express a particular viewpoint. (Re-read the haiku about fox hunting to remind yourself of the type of haiku you will need to write to complete this task successfully.) Remember: "The primary purpose of reading and writing haiku is sharing moments of our lives that have moved us, pieces of experience and perception that we offer or receive as gifts. At the deepest level, this is one of the great purposes of all art, and especially of literature." William J. Higginson Summer: sun, hot, twilight, ladybirds, scorching sun, ice-cream, beaches, sand, warmth, blue sky Autumn: falling leaves, red, gold, brown, rain, braches, starry nights, wind, crackling leaves Spring: daffodils, yellow, green, grass, lambs, buds, blossom, sky, sunrise, chicks, spring rain, birth, nature, new life Winter: snow, snowflakes, cold, dark, long nights, icicles, gloomy, fires, Christmas, New Year, sledging, snowballs Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk Key Stage 3 Poetry: Year 7 - Haiku Acknowledgements and thanks IMAGES Illustrations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renga Graffiti Haiku: http://popularityculture.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/webassets/haiku.jpg Japanese Flag: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/ja-lgflag.gif Bamboo: http://www.cranberrydesigns.com/poetry/graphics/bamboo.gif Matsuo Basho: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Basho_by_Hokusai.jpg Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk / www.english-teaching.co.uk 8