Download WIKIPEDIA SOURCES FOR ECON

WIKIPEDIA SOURCES FOR ECON-2001 (Macroeconomics)
Chapter – 1
Limits, Alternatives, and Choices
The Economic Perspective
Scarcity and Choice
Purposeful behavior
Marginal Analysis: Comparing Benefits and
Costs
Theories, Principles, and Models
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
Macroeconomics
Positive and Normative Economics
Individual’s Economizing Problem
Limited Income, Unlimited wants,
A Budget Line
Attainable and unattainable combinations,
Trade-offs and opportunity costs, Choice,
Income Changes
Society’s Economizing Problem
Scarce Resource
Resource Categories(Land, Labor, Capital
Entrepreneurial Ability)
Production Possibilities Model
Full employment
Fixed resources
Fixed technologies
Two goods
Consumer goods
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarcity
(Scarcity in Economics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost
(Opportunity Cost)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_concepts
(Marginal benefit)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microeconomics
(Microeconomics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomics
(Macroeconomics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_economics
(Positive Economics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_economics
(Normative Economics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Want
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_constraint
(Budget constraint introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(economics)
(Resource, Land/natural resources, Labor/human
resources, Capital/infrastructure)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneur
(Entrepreneur introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_employment
(Full employment introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_goods
(Final Goods)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_good
(Capital good)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production%E2%80%93poss
ibility_frontier
A growing economy
Increases in resource supply
Advances in technology
Present choices and Future Possibilities
Appendix
Construction of graph
Direct relation between consumption and
income
Dependent and independent variables
Slope of a line
Positive slope, Negative slope, Slopes
And measurement units, Slopes and
marginal analysis, Infinite and zero
slopes
Vertical intercept
Equation of a linear relationship
Slope of a nonlinear curve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment
(Unemployment introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth
(Economic growth introduction, Economic growth versus
the business cycle, economic growth per capita,
measuring economic growth, the power of annul growth)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_graph
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_propensity_to_co
nsume (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independe
nt_variables
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_equation
Chapter – 2
The Market System and the Circular Flow
http://tamoeconotalk.wetpaint.com/page/Wiki%3A+Chapter+2+Market+System+and+the+Circular+Flow
Economic Systems
The Command System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_system
The Market System
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_economy
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_system
(Introduction) OR
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism
(Introduction)
Characteristics of the market System
Private property
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_property
Freedom of enterprise and choice
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_choice
Self Interest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_freedom
Competition
(Introduction)
Markets and Prices
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/selfTechnology and Capital Goods
interest.asp#axzz1kyUfAI2R
Specialization
http://www.unc.edu/depts/econ/byrns_web/Economica
Division of labor
e/rationalselfinterest.html
- Specialization makes use of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(economics)
differences in ability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market
- Specialization fosters learning by
(Introduction)
doing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price
-Specialization saves time
(Economic definition)
Geographic specialization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_price (Introduction)
Use of money
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics#Specialization
(Specialization)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_of_exchange
(Introduction, Definition)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter (Introduction)
Five fundamental questions
-What goods and services will be produced?
-How will the goods and services be
produced?
-Who will get the goods and services?
-How will the system accommodate change?
-How will the system promote progress?
Technology advance
Capital accumulation
The “Invisible hand”
-Efficiency
-Incentives
-Freedom
The demise of the command
-The coordination problem
-The incentive problem
The circular flow problem
-Household
-Business
Sole proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
-Product Market
-Resource Market
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_sovereignty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_voting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_theory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_(economics)
(Introduction, definition)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_hand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incentive#Economics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_freedom
(Introduction)
http://www.ehow.com/info_8361510_definitioncoordination-problems-economics.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incentive#Problems
http://stevenduan.wordpress.com/the-idea-ofeconomics/circular-flow-model/
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Economics_Circular_F
low.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business
(Introduction, basic forms of ownership)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_market
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=resource+markets
Chapter – 3
Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium
http://tamoeconotalk.wetpaint.com/page/Wiki%3A+Chapter+3+Demand%2C+Supply%2C+%26+Market
+Equilibrium
Markets
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Market+%2
8economics%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economy
(Introduction)
Demand
-Demand schedule
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_(economics)
-Law of demand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_curve
-The demand curve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_utility#Diminishin
-Market demand
g_marginal_utility
-Changes in demand
(Diminishing marginal utility)
Tastes
Number of buyers
Income
-Changes in quantity demanded
Supply
-Law of supply
-The supply curve
-Market supply
-Determinants of supply
-Changes in supply
Resource prices
Technology
Taxes and subsidies
Prices of other goods
Producer expectations
Number of sellers
-Changes in quantity supplied
Market Equilibrium
-Equilibrium price and quantity
Surplus
Shortage
-Rationing Function Prices
-Efficient Allocation
Productive efficiency
Allocative efficiency
-Changes in supply, demand, and
equilibrium
-Changes in demand
-Changes in supply
-complex cases
Supply increase; Demand decrease
Supply decrease; Demand increase
Supply decrease; Demand decrease
Application: Government-Set Prices
-Price Ceiling
Graphic analysis
Rationing problem
Black Markets
Rent controls
-Price Floor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_choice
(Substitution effect, Income effect)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_curve
(Demand curve)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_curve#Shift_of_a_
demand_curve
http://simpl00e.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_demanded
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/changeindemand
.asp#axzz1l3UEc1RZ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_supply
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)#Supply
_curve
(Supply curve)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)#Marke
t_structure_and_the_supply_curve
(Market structure and supply curve)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)
(Factors affecting supply)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=change+in+quantity+s
upplied
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_equilibrium
(Introduction)
http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/eco
nomics3.asp#axzz1l3UEc1RZ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_shortage
(1st paragraph)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationing#In_economics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productive_efficiency
(Productive efficiency)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocative_efficiency
(Introduction)
http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/asmarkets-equilibrium-price.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_ceiling
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_floor
Chapter – 5
Market Failures: Public Goods and Externalities
Market failures in competitive markets
Demand-side market failures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_failure
Supply-side market failures
(end of introduction)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=market+failures
Efficiently Functioning Markets
-Consumer Surplus
http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/presentations/aseco
-Producer surplus
nomics/markets/ConsumerProducerSurplus/default.html
-Efficiency losses/Deadweight Losses
(slides 17-24)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss
Public Goods
-Private Goods Characteristics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_good
Rivalry
Excludability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good
-Public Goods Characteristics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)
Non-rivalry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability
Non-excludability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_rider_problem
-Optimal quantity of a public good
http://mbaecon.wikispaces.com/Marginal+Analysis+-Demand for public goods
+Marginal+Benefit+including+Marginal+revenue+and+M
-Comparing MB and MC
arginal++cost
-Cost-Benefit Analysis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost%E2%80%93benefit_an
concept
alysis (Introduction, Theory, Process, Valuation)
illustration
http://glossary.econguru.com/economic-term/quasi-Quasi-Public Goods
public+good
Externalities
-Negative externalities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality
-Positive externalities
(Introduction, Negative (Definition), Positive (Definition))
http://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/positiveexternality.php
-Government Intervention
http://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/negativeDirect controls
externality.php
Specific taxes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_interventionism
Subsidies and government provision
http://glossary.econguru.com/economicSubsidies to buyers
term/government+intervention
Subsidies to producers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good#Subsidies_and
Government provision
_joint_products
-Society’s optimal amount of externality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidy
reduction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good#Government_
provision
(Government provision)
Chapter - 6
An Introduction to Macroeconomics
An Introduction to Macroeconomics
Introduction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cycle
Business cycle
Introduction
Recession
Performance and Policy
GDP (Gross domestic Product)
Real GDP
Nominal GDP
Unemployment
Inflation
The miracle of Modern Economic growth
Saving, investment, and choosing between
present and future consumption
Banks and other financial institutions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession
Introduction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_gross_domestic_produ
ct
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product#N
ominal_GDP_and_Adjustments_to_GDP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment#In_economics_
or_macroeconomics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_preference
(time preference theory of interest)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_institution
Uncertainty, Expectation, and Shocks
Demand shocks and Flexible Prices
Demand shocks and Sticky Prices
How sticky are prices
Categorizing macroeconomic models using
price stickiness.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation_(epistemic)
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(economics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_shock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing_strategies
(Dynamic pricing)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_(economics)#Modeli
ng_sticky_prices
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_war#Price_stickiness
Chapter – 7
Measuring Domestic Output and National income
Assessing the Economy’s Performance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_national_in
National income accounting
come_and_output
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/national_inco
me_accounting.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Income_and_Pr
oduct_Accounts
GDP (Gross domestic product)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_output
Aggregate output
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product
(Introduction)
A monetary Measure
Avoiding multiple counting
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Gross+D
GDP Excludes nonproduction transactions
omestic+Product
Financial transactions
Public transfer payments
Private transfer payments
Stock market transactions
Secondhand sales
Black market sales
Two ways of looking at GDP: Spending & Income
The expenditure approach
Personal Consumption
Gross private domestic investment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_national_in
come_and_output#The_expenditure_approach
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_consumption_e
xpenditure (PCE)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_private_domestic_i
nvestment
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=gross%20private%20
domestic%20investment
The Income approach
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compensation_of_emplo
Compensation of employees
yees
Rents, Interest, Proprietors income, Corporate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_rent
profits (corporate income taxes, dividends,
(Introduction)
undistributed corporate profits), Taxes on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest (Introduction)
production and imports, from national income to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Income_and_Pr
GDP, net foreign factor income, statistical
oduct_Accounts (Proprietors income)
discrepancy, and consumption of fixed capital
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_tax
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend (Introduction)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=gls&c=dsp&k=undistributed+corpora
te+profits
http://www.expertglossary.com/economics/definition/
taxes-on-production-and-imports
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=national+income+an
d+gross+domestic+product
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=net+foreign+factor+i
ncome
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=gls&c=dsp&k=statistical+discrepancy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_of_fixed_ca
pital
Other National Accounts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_domestic_product
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Income
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=personal+income
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=disposable+income
Nominal GDP versus Real GDP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_index
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Nominal
Shortcomings of GDP
+vs.+Real+GDP
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/NominalGDP-Real-GDP-and-Price-Level.topicArticleId9789,articleId-9734.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_nonmarket_activities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market
http://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level1/macroeconomics/limitations-gdpalternative.asp#axzz28dsY14Xa
Economic Growth
Real GDP per Capita
Chapter – 8
Economic Growth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growth
Determinants of Growth
Supply factors
Demand factor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=factor+supply
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_%28economics
%29#Factors_affecting_demand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiency
Production possibilities Analysis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production%E2%80%93
Growth and Production Possibilities
possibility_frontier (Introduction)
Labor and productivity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity#Labor_Pro
ductivity (Definition)
Accounting for Growth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity#Labor_Pro
Labor inputs versus labor productivity
ductivity
Technology advance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology
(Introduction)
http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/the-economicsof-technological-advances/
Chapter – 9
Business Cycles, Unemployment, and Inflation
The Business Cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cycle
Cycles or fluctuations
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/four-stages-ofbusiness-cycle.html
http://www.investopedia.com/university/macroecon
omics/macroeconomics7.asp#axzz28dsY14Xa
Unemployment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment
Measurement of Unemployment
( Introduction; Definitions types and theories;
Types of Unemployment
Cyclical; Frictional; Structural;
Frictional
Measurement;
Structural
Full employment; )
Cyclical
http://www.investopedia.com/university/macroecon
Full employment
omics/macroeconomics8.asp#axzz28dsY14Xa
Economic Cost of Unemployment
GDP Gap and Okun’s law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_gap
Inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation
Meaning of inflation
Inflation; types; measurement
Measurement of inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-push_inflation
Types of inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand-pull_inflation
Demand-pull inflation
Cost-push inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_inflation
Core inflation
Redistribution Effects of Inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_v
Nominal and Real Income
alue_(economics)
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&
source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCIQFjAA&url=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fwww.humbleisd.net%2Fcms%2Flib2%2
FTX01001414%2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F2983%2F
Who_is_hurt_and_who_is_helped_by_inflation.ppt&
ei=lz9yUM_qM4j69gS9oYHoAw&usg=AFQjCNFm1Fx1
4p7fCzDqswzF4ji5mV24ow&sig2=56YbU5_AHbK1letCnjEaw
Does Inflation affect output
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-push_inflation
Cost-push inflation and real output
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand-pull_inflation
Demand-pull inflation and real output
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation
(Introduction)
Chapter - 10
Basic Macroeconomic Relationships
The Income-Consumption and Income-Saving
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+
Relationships
Income+Consumption+%2F+Income+Saving+Relatio
The consumption schedule
nship
The saving schedule
http://www.amosweb.com/cgiAverage and Marginal propensities
bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=consumption%20s
APC and APS
chedule
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=saving+schedule
MPC and MPS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_propensity_to_
consume
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=average%20prope
MPC and MPS as Slopes
nsity%20to%20save
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_propensity_to
_consume
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_propensity_to
_save
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_propensity_to
_save#Slope_of_Saving_line
Non-income Determinants of consumption
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_effect
and Saving
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+In
Wealth (Wealth effect)
come+Consumption+%2F+Income+Saving+Relationsh
ip
The interest-Rate-Investment Relationship
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+In
Expected rate of return
terest+Rate+-+Investment+Relationship
Real interest rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_return
Investment demand curve
http://financialdictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Expected+Rate+of+
Return
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_interest_rate
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=gls&c=dsp&k=investment+demand
+curve
The Multiplier Effect
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+M
The multiplier and the marginal propensities
ultiplier+Effect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_propensity_to
_save#Multiplier_effect
Chapter – 11
The Aggregate Expenditures Model
Assumptions and Simplifications
Consumption and Investment schedules
Equilibrium GDP:
Aggregate Expenditure
Aggregate Demand
Other Features of Equilibrium GDP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_demand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_expenditure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD-AS_model
http://www.whitenova.com/thinkEconomics/simul.ht
ml
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Macroeconomics/Savin
gs_and_Investment
Equilibrium versus Full-Employment GDP
http://www.amosweb.com/cgiRecessionary Expenditure Gap
bin/awb_nav.pl?c=dsp&k=recessionary+gap&s=wpd
Inflationary Expenditure Gap
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflationary_gap
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=inflationary+gap
Chapter – 12
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_demand#Agg
Aggregate Demand Curve
regate_demand_curves
Real-balances effect
http://www.amosweb.com/cgiInterest-rate effect
bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=aggregate+deman
Foreign purchases effect
d+curve
Changes in Aggregate Demand
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerConsumer spending
spending.asp#axzz28dsY14Xa
Consumer wealth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_spending
Household borrowing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_effect
Consumer Expectations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_(finance)#Consu
Personal taxes
mer_credit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_expectations
Investment Spending
_test
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficit_spending
Government Spending
(Introduction)
http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revisionNet Export Spending
notes/a2-macro-capital-investment.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_spending
(Introduction)
http://www.sparknotes.com/economics/macro/aggre
gatedemand/section3.rhtml
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=net+exports+deter
minants
Aggregate supply
Aggregate supply in the immediate Short Run
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_supply
Aggregate supply in the short run
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAggregate supply in the long run
AS_model#Aggregate_supply_curve
Equilibrium and changes in Equilibrium
Increases in AD: Demand-Pull Inflation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_demand#Agg
Decreases in AD: Recession and cyclical
regate_demand-aggregate_supply_model
unemployment
Decrease in AS: Cost-push inflation
Increase in AS: Full employment with pricelevel stability
Chapter 13
Fiscal Policy, Deficits, and Debt
Fiscal Policy and the AD-AS Model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Economic_A
Expansionary Fiscal Policy
dvisers (Introduction)
Contractionary Fiscal Policy
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=fiscal+policy
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=expansionary+fisca
l+policy
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=contractionary+fisc
al+policy
Built-in Stability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_stabilizer
Automatic or Built-In Stabilizers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_tax
Tax-progressivity
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_tax
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regressive_tax
(Introduction)
Evaluating Fiscal Policy
http://www.roanestate.edu/webfolders/SCHRAMM
Cyclically adjusted budget
WE/Krugman-201/Chap29&12-FiscalPolicy.pdf
Cyclical deficit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclical_deficit
Crowding-Out Effect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowding_out_(econom
ics)
The U.S. Public Debt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_public_d
Ownership
ebt
Public held debt: International comparison
http://treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=n
p (You can check the current size of public debt)
http://www.upjohn.org/node/550
Substantiative Issues
Crowding effect revisited
All about fiscal policy
http://www.freeeconhelp.com/2011/10/notes-forfiscal-policy-and-crowding.html
Chapter – 14
Money, Banking, and Financial Institutions
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=money+functions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_liquidity
(Liquidity Definition)
The Functions of Money
Medium of exchange
Unit of account
Store of value
Liquidity
The components of money supply
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply
(Introduction, Definition, Empirical measures, United
States)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-
bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=M1
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=M2
The federal reserve and the banking system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Syste
m (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Syste
m#Federal_Reserve_Banks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Open_Market_
Committee (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_bank
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank#
Function
The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_cri
The mortgage default crisis
sis
Subprime mortgage loans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_cri
Mortgage-backed securities
sis#HighSecuritization
risk_mortgage_loans_and_lending.2Fborrowing_prac
Failures and Near-failures of Financial Firms
tices
The treasury bailout: TRAP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortgagebacked_security
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_
Program (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort
The fed’s Lender-of-last-resort Activities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_Dealer_Credit_
Facility (introduction)
Primary dealer credit facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_Securities_Lendin
g_Facility (Introduction)
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset_backed
_commercial_paper.asp
http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/mmi
ff.htm
http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/abcp
mmmf.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Paper_Fun
ding_Facility (Introduction)
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarkey-investor-funding-facility-mmiff.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_AssetBacked_Securities_Loan_Facility (Introduction)
The Post-crisis U.S. Financial Services Industry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_services
Financial Services industry
http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Financial_services_indust
ry
Chapter – 15
Money Creation
The Fractional Reserve System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_reserve_bank
ing (Introduction)
A single Commercial Bank
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_sheet
Balance sheet
Money-creating transactions of a commercial
bank
The Banking system: Multiple deposit
Expansion
Monetary Multiplier
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_requirement
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess_reserves
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_creation
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Multipl
e-Deposit+Expansion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_multiplier
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Supply-ofMoney.topicArticleId-9789,articleId-9747.html
For complete Chapter
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/9970960089/438275/mcconnel
l_samplech11.pdf
Chapter - 16
Interest Rates and Monetary Policy
Interest Rates
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_rate
The demand for money
(Introduction)
http://economics.about.com/cs/money/a/money_de
mand_2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_for_money
The equilibrium Interest rate
(Introduction) (Demand motive; Asset motive)
Interest rates and Bond prices
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_casefair_econf_7e/31/7
937/2032075.cw/index.html
http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/0319
04.asp
Tools of Monetary Policy
http://www.amosweb.com/cgiOpen market operation
bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=open+market+ope
Reserve requirement
rations
Discount rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_requirement
Term auction facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_auction_facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_funds_rate
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=expansionary+mon
etary+policy
http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/Restricti
ve-Monetary-Policy.htm
http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10
/taylor-rule.asp#axzz2DlnxnGDF
Cyclical asymmetry and the liquidity trap
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclical_asymmetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidity_trap
Chapter – 17
Financial Economics
Financial Investment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment#In_economi
cs_or_macroeconomics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment#In_finance
Present value
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_value
Compound Interest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest
The Present value model
(Introduction)
Deferred compensation
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/PresentValue-and-Investment-Decisions.topicArticleId9789,articleId-9788.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_compensation
Some Popular Investments
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock (Introduction,
Stocks
Shares, types of stocks)
Bankrupt; limited liability rule; Capital gain;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy
Dividend
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_liability
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_gain
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend (Introduction)
Bonds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_(finance)
Mutual Funds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_fund
Index funds; actively managed funds;
(Introduction)
passively managed funds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_fund
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_management
(Introduction)
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/passivemana
gement.asp#axzz2DlnxnGDF
Arbitrage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrage (Introduction)
Risk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk (Introduction)
Diversification
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialrisk.a
sp#axzz2DlnxnGDF
Systemic risk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversification_(finance)
(Introduction)
Average rate of return
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_risk (Systemic
Weighted mean
risk and diversification)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_return
Beta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_mean
(Introduction)
Risk free interest rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_(finance)
(Introduction and definition)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-free_interest_rate
The security market line
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_market_line
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
http://quizlet.com/11997729/macroeconomicschapter-seventeen-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Chapter – 18
Extending the Analysis of Aggregate Supply
From Short Run to Long Run
Short-Run Aggregate Supply
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_run_and_short_ru
Long-Run Aggregate Supply
Applying the Extended AD-AS Model
The inflation-unemployment relationship
The Phillips curve
Aggregate supply shocks and the Phillips curve
Stagflation
The Long-run Phillips curve
Taxation and Aggregate Supply
International trade
Some key trade facts
Countries by amount exported
The International Economy
Comparative Advantage
Analysis of Exports and Imports
Trade Barriers
The Cases for Protection
Trade Barriers and Export Subsidies
Tariffs
Revenue tariff
Protective tariff
Import quota
Nontariff barrier
Voluntary export restriction(VER)
Export subsidy
Effects
n
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/From+
Short-run+to+Long-run+Aggregate+Supply
http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/asmacro-aggregate-supply.html
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Applyi
ng+the+Extended+AD%2FAS+Model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_curve
(Introduction; Stagflation; NAIRU and rational
expectations; The Phillips curve today; Gordon’s
triangle model; demand pull or short-term Phillips
curve inflation; cost push or supply shocks)
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+L
ong-run+Phillips+Curve
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Taxati
on+and+Aggregate+Supply
Chapter – 20
International Trade
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ex
ports
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Key+Fa
cts+about+the+US+in+the+international+economy
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Compa
rative+Advantage
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Supply
+and+Demand+analysis+of+exports+and+imports
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Trade+
Barriers
http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/The+C
ase+for+Protection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_barrier
(Introduction)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=trade+barriers
http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revisionnotes/a2-macro-protectionism.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import_quota
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontariff_barriers_to_trade (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_export_restra
ints (introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export_subsidy
(Introduction)
The Case for Protection: A critical Review
Protection-against-Dumping Argument
Multilateral Trade Agreements and Free-Trade
Zones
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
European Union
North American Free Trade Agreement
Trade Adjustment Assistance
Offshoring jobs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_polic
y)
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=international+trad
e
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on
_Tariffs_and_Trade (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organizati
on (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_T
rade_Agreement (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Adjustment_Assis
tance (Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshoring
(Introduction)
Chapter – 21
The Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Trade Deficits
International Financial Transactions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_payments
The balance of Payments
(Introduction; Payment surplus)
Current Account
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_account
Capital Account and Financial Account
(Introduction; capital account in macroeconomics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_accountancy#
Exchange reserves
Basic_accounting_concepts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreignexchange_reserves (Introduction; Changes in
reserves)
Flexible Exchange Rates
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_exchange_rate
Floating
(Introduction)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciation
(Introduction)
Depreciation and Appreciation
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/appreciation.
asp#axzz2DlnxnGDF
http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revisionnotes/a2-macro-exchange-rate.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_mark
Determinants of exchange rates
et#Determinants_of_exchange_rates
Speculation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculation
(Introduction)
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/IB_Economics/Internati
onal_Economics/Exchange_rates#4.6.6_Advantages_
Fixed exchange rates
and_Disadvantages_of_Fixed_.26_Floating_Rates
(Adv and Disadvantages of flexible exchange rates)
Reserves
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate
(Introduction)
Trade policy
Exchange controls and rationing
The Current Exchange Rate System: The
managed float
Recent U.S. trade deficits
Implications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreignexchange_reserves
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_U
nited_States#Trade_policy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_contr
ols
http://www.amosweb.com/cgibin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=managed+flexible+
exchange+rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Trade_Deficit_
2011.png
http://www.economywatch.com/internationaltrade/trade-deficit.html