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Civics and Economics Vocabulary Review Goal 1: Foundations of the US Political System Church and State Egalitarianism Section 1: Colonial America Middle, Southern, New England Colonies Consent of the Governed Proprietary, Charter, Royal Colonies Nationalism Jamestown, Joint-Stock Company Suffrage and Slavery Religious Dissent, Puritans and Pilgrims Section 5: Articles of Confederation and US Quakers, Catholics Constitution Roger Williams and RI State Constitutions Georgia Buffer Zone Treaty of Paris John Rolfe and Tobacco Shay’s Rebellion Tar Heels Land Ordinance of 1785 Plantation System, Indentured Servants Northwest Ordinance Slavery, Middle Passage, Triangular Trade Route Virginia Plan Mercantilism New Jersey Plan Bacon’s Rebellion Connecticut Plan or Great Compromise Colonial Women – Second Class Citizens Three-Fifths Compromise Salutary Neglect Slave Trade Compromise Salem Witch Trials Electoral College Compromise Bill of Rights Section 2 and 3: Self-government in the Section 6: Federalist v. Antifederalist Debate Colonies and American Revolution Democracy v. Republic Separation of Powers Renaissance Checks and Balances Limited Government Federalism Magna Carta or Great Charter Loose and Strict Interpretations Parliament, English Bill of Rights Section 7: The Bill of Rights Common Law Free Exercise Clause Enlightenment Establishment Clause Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu Right to Bear Arms Natural Rights, Social Contract Quartering Common Good and Civic Virtue Searches and Seizures House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact Due Process Town Meeting Double Jeopardy Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Self-Incrimination First Continental Congress Eminent Domain Second Continental Congress Rights of the Accused Favorable Balance of Trade Public and Speedy Trial Navigation Acts Excessive Fines and Bails French and Indian War Cruel and Unusual Punishment Albany Plan of Union Reserved for the States Writs of Assistance Section 8: Models of Government Proclamation of 1763 Autocracy Quartering Act, Stamp Act Absolute v. Limited Monarchy John Peter Zenger Dictatorship Sons of Liberty Totalitarianism Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts Oligarchy Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party Aristocracy Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts Theocracy “Shot Heard Round the World” Anarchy Common Sense Goal 2: Government of the US Declaration of Independence Section 1: Principles of the US Constitution Popular Sovereignty Section 4: American Identity Emerges Public Education Limited Government Religious Pluralism Preamble First Great Awakening Three Branches Freedom of Religion Necessary and Proper Clause Implied Powers Enumerated/Expressed Powers Supremacy Clause Delegated Powers Reserved Powers Concurrent Powers Full Faith and Credit Clause Section 2: Structure, Powers, and Limitations of Government Article I House of Representatives and Senate Bill v. Law Censure and Expulsion Committee System Seniority System Filibuster Cloture Immunity Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore Majority and Minority Leaders and Whips Writ of Habeas Corpus Bills of Attainder Ex Post Facto Laws Titles of Nobility Article II Head of State Commander in Chief Chief Diplomat Executive Agreement Chief Executive Legislative Leader Economic Leader Party Leader Executive Order Pardon Commute Reprieve State of the Union Address Presidential Succession Impeachment US Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Concurrent and Exclusive Jurisdiction Judicial Review Precedence Section 3: Changing the Constitution Constitutional Convention Amendments 1-27 Judicial Decisions/Review Presidential and Congressional Actions Customs and Traditions Section 4: Important Court Cases Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Korematsu v. US Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Regents of UC v. Bakke Furman v. Georgia Gregg v. Georgia Mapp v. Ohio Gideon v. Wainwright Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Engel v. Vitale Tinker v. Des Moines Bethel School District v. Frasier Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Texas v. Johnson Section 5: Conflicts with Constitution States Rights Redistricting Majority Rule v. Minority Rights Civil Liberties v. National Security Patriot Act Homeland Security Interest Groups Section 6: Revenue for National Government Revenue and Expenditures Direct Tax v. Indirect Tax Income Tax and Income Tax Return Corporate Taxes Excise Taxes Estate Taxes Tariffs Social Security Tax Regressive Tax Progressive Tax Proportional Tax User Fees and Fines National Budget Budget Deficit v. Budget Surplus Deficit Spending Section 7: Federal Agencies FBI Department of Homeland Security CIA Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Drug Enforcement Agency US Citizenship and Immigration Services Internal Revenue Service (IRS) FEMA National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) CDC Medicare and Medicaid US Census Bureau Chapter 3: State and Local Government through NC Constitution Section 1: The NC Constitution Constitutional Convention Referendum and Initiative The Three NC Constitutions Amendments of 1835, 1862 General Assembly Council of State NC Supreme Court Governor Declaration of Rights Incorporation Articles I – XIV Section 2: Structure of State and Local Government Statutes Lt. Governor Cabinet District Courts Superior Courts Court of Appeals County Commissioners County Manager Sheriff Metropolis City Governments Mayor-Council Alderman City Ordinances Council-Manager Plan Police Chief Townships Town Councils Special Districts Local Act Section 3: Authority and Limitations Judges State Agencies DHHS DOT Register of Deeds Section 4: State Law State v. Mann Leandro Case Section 5: State Controversial Issues Annexation Balanced Budget Lottery Charter Schools School Busing Disaster Relief Political Corruption Gerrymandering Section 6: Revenue Finances State Income Tax Corporate Income Tax Property Taxes Assessments Inheritance Tax Estate Tax Sales Tax Excise Tax Permits and Licenses User and Disposal Fees Impact Fees State and Municipal Bonds Intergovernmental Revenue Grants in-aid Chapter 4: Active Citizenship Section 1: Political Parties Candidates Multi-Party System Majority v. Plurality Vote Two Party System Democrats v. Republicans Conservative v. Liberal Moderate Third Parties and Independents One-Party System Platform and Plank National Convention Delegates and Nominations Coalition Radical v. Reactionary Political Machine Patronage “Grassroots” Section 2: Elections and Voting General Election Primary Election Run-off Election Caucus Partisan and Nonpartisan Recall Election Initiative and Proposition Electoral College and Electors Campaign PACs and Private Resources Public Funding Canvassing Endorsements Propaganda Stacking Cards Image Molding Just Plain Folks Name Calling Glittering Generality Polling Places Voting District and Precinct Voter Registration Punch Card Ballot, Voting Machines Board of Elections Bandwagon Exit Polls Section 3: Issues, Opinions, Activism Mass Media Public Agenda Public Opinion Polls and Random Sampling Political Activism Petition and Protest Slander and Libel Apathy Lobbyist Section 4: Domestic Tranquility Criminal and Civil Laws Penal Code Mandatory Sentencing Prosecution Incarceration Probation Lawsuit Plaintiff and Defendant Damages Counter Suit Civic Responsibilities Volunteer Real World Experience Patriotism Peace Corps and Americorps Job Corps and Senior Corps Section 5: Public Service Impartial Jury Jury Duty Voir Dire Sequestered Section 6: Civil Life Participation Mock Elections Community Service Civic Involvement Section 7: Civil Conflict Legal Action Small Claims Court Pre-Hearing Settlement Negotiation Mediation Arbitration Chapter 5: Conflict in Political and Judicial Systems Section 1: Conflict Debate Compromise Section 2: Jurisdiction of State and Federal Courts Appellate and Original Jurisdiction Concurrent and Exclusive Jurisdiction Lower Courts General Trial Courts Intermediate Appellate Court Criminal v. Civil Courts US District Courts Special Courts US Court of Appeals US Supreme Court Section 3: Judicial Process Misdemeanors v. Felonies Arrest Warrant Probable Cause Search Warrant Indictment Grand Jury Complaint Preliminary Hearing Arraignment Plea and Plea Bargain Sentence Court Docket Bail Brief Defense Attorney Petit Jury Public Defender Bailiff Subpoena Perjury Verdict Sentencing Capital Offense Hung Jury and Mistrial Tort Summons Appeal Issue of Fact v. Issue of Law Rights of Victims Majority Opinion Concurring Opinion Dissenting Opinion Confirmation Process Writ of Certiorari Section 4: Legislative Process Proposal and Bill Standing Committee Subcommittee Committee Chairman House Rules Committee Joint Committee Conference Committee Filibuster and Cloture Rider Veto and Pocket Veto Act of Congress Override Section 5: Local Government Conflicts Zoning Issues and Laws Extra territorial Jurisdiction Annexation Infrastructure Town Meetings “At large” Candidates Public Forums Section 6: Citizens, Politics, and Media Special Interest Groups MADD Sierra Club National Rifle Association Tuition Vouchers Charter Schools Electronic Media Chapter 6: Purpose and Development of Laws Section 1: Influences on US Law Jurisprudence Code of Hammurabi Ten Commandments Draconian Law Justinian Code Social Contract Law Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights British Common Law Mayflower Compact US Constitution Iroquois League Albany Plan of Union Section 2: Types of Law Civil and Criminal Family Law Constitutional Law Administrative Law International Law Statutory Law Section 3: Enforcing Laws Implementation Regulatory Commissions Independent Agencies EPA FTC FCC FDA FAA NASA CIA ICC FBI Department of Justice Secret Service State Bureau of Investigation State Troopers National Guard Sheriff and Police Departments Section 4: Informing Citizens Town Meetings Public Forums Media Press Internet Franking Privilege Section 5: Lobbyists, Interest Groups Economic Interest Group Business Interest Group Chamber of Commerce Labor Unions AFL-CIO Agricultural Group Professional Group Public Interest Group Single Interest Group Think Tank Section 6: Criminal Behavior Retribution and Rehabilitation Recidivism Monetary Compensation Restitution Probation House Arrest Long Term Incarceration Prison v. Jail Parole Three-Strikes Laws Confiscation of Property Death Penalty Juvenile Detention Center Boot Camp Long-term Suspensions Mental Institution Chapter 7: Making Economic Decisions Section 1: Resources and Factors of Production Economics Wants and Needs Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Factors of Production Land, Labor, Capital, Entrepreneurship Productivity Section 2: Scarcity and Decision-making Scarcity Consumer and Producer Salaries and Wages Goods and Services Decision-making Model – Five steps Opportunity Cost Trade-off Section 3: Costs and Decisions Immediate Gratification Variable Cost Fixed Cost Total Cost Marginal Cost Marginal Benefit Section 4: Productivity Specialization Division of Labor Mass Production Business Organization Assembly Line Technology Invention and Innovation Human Capital Unskilled and Skilled workers Blue and White Collar Jobs Robotics Automation Agribusiness Section 5: Impact of Investment Capital Investment Capital Goods Consumer Goods Recycling Producer Price Index (PPI) Law of Diminishing Returns Section 6: Different Economic Systems Market Economy Profit Motive Consumer Sovereignty Adam Smith and Wealth of Nations Invisible Hand Capitalism Free Enterprise Laissez-faire Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto Socialism Communism Cooperation Command Economy Mixed Economy Keynesian Theory Fiscal Policy Chapter 8: The US Economy Section 1: Comparing Economic Systems Traditional Economy Command Economy Market Economy Mixed Economy Section 2: The Free Enterprise System Voluntary Exchange Private Property Copyright Full Employment Section 3: Circular Flow Household Business Government Wages Economic Interdependence Circular Flow Diagram Product Market Factor Market Section 4: Supply and Demand Supply and Demand Law of Supply Law of Demand Equilibrium Supply Curve and Schedule Demand Curve and Schedule Personal and Disposable Income Complimentary Goods Substitute Goods Section 5: Influencing Prices Shortage and Surplus Change in Demand Change in Supply Consumer Tastes Inflation and Deflation Interest Rates Minimum Wage Supply-side Economics Trickle Down Effect Section 6: Competition Buyers and Sellers Monopoly Oligopoly Conglomerate Merger Vertical and Horizontal Merger Multinational Conglomerate Section 7: Business Organizations Sole Proprietorship Unlimited Liability Limited Life Small Business Administration (SBA) Partnership Cooperative Corporation Shareholders and Stock Stock Market Limited Liability Bonds Unlimited Life Dividend Franchise Anti-trust Laws Labor Union Collective Bargaining Craft and Industrial Unions National Labor Relations Act Fair Labor Standards Act Social Security Act Taft-Hartley Act Mediation Arbitration Strike Lockout Section 8: Money Barter System Medium of Exchange Currency and Coins Demand Deposits Checking Accounts Debit and Credit Cards Time Deposits Commercial Bank Collateral Credit Union Savings and Loan Association Stocks Mutual Funds Bonds Insurance Life Insurance Health Insurance Liability Insurance Pension Funds FDIC Reserve Requirement Federal Reserve Monetary Policy Tight and Easy Money Policy Chapter 9: Factors Influencing the Economy Section 1: Economic Indicators Business Cycle Expansion and Recovery Peak and Prosperity Contraction Trough Recession and Depression Economic Indicator GDP Per Capita GDP Standard of Living Consumer Price Index (CPI) National Debt Section 2: Government Regulation Environmental Protection OSHA and CPSC Workplace Safety Consumer Protection Affirmative Action Labor Dispute Deregulation Section 3: Impact of Resources/Technology Population Shifts (generally north US to south) Migration (within US) and Immigration Rust Belt (Great Lakes Area) - manufacturing Frost Belt (Upper Midwest) - manufacturing Sun Belt (South including NC) - technology Silicon Valley (computer industry in CA) Research Triangle Park (Raliegh, NC) Service Industries (also increase due to tech) Section 4: Impact of Current Events War on Terror Department of Homeland Security Patriot Act Operation Iraqi Freedom Microsoft Cases Downsizing NC Textile and Furniture Industries Outsourcing Section 5: The US and International Economies Multinational Conglomerates Globalization Interdependence Foreign Trade Favorable and Unfavorable Balance of Trade Comparative and Absolute Advantage Exchange Rate Free Trade v. Tariff Embargo Treaty WTO, EU, IMF, UN, and NAFTA Developed and Developing Countries Foreign Aid and the World Bank Human Rights Child Labor Section 6: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Taxation and Government Spending Federal Reserve Reserve Requirement Tight and Easy Money Policy Discount Rate Interest Rate Open Market Operations Section 7: Impact of Environment, Conditions, and Politics OPEC Oil Embargo Bull and Bear Market Clean Air and Clean Water Acts Embargo against Cuba Zoning Laws NIMBY Chapter 10: Issues and Responsibilities in US Society Section 1: Tensions and Problems Civic Responsibility – voting on issues, community activism Personal Responsibilities – responsibilities to oneself (family) Fiscal Responsibilities – supporting a family, paying bills and taxes Legal Responsibilities – obeying the laws Moral Responsibilities – live by certain “religious” convictions Collaboration – come together to seek solutions E Pluribus Unum – “out of many, one” showing diversity of America Melting Pot Theory – US society is best when people abandon cultural differences Assimilate – becoming like mainstream society Tossed Salad Theory – people keep cultural differences but are mixed together Multiculturalism – encourages cultural differences Racism, Sexism, and Ageism – discrimination based on race, sex, age, gender, etc. Nationality – what nation a person is originally from Disability – limiting physical condition, often creates discrimination Discrimination – unfairly denying people an opportunity Unemployment and Underemployment – not having enough jobs for people Homelessness – without a place to live Substance Abuse – addiction to alcohol and drugs Crime and Prison Reform – improving conditions AIDS – US Center for Disease Control dealing with problem Immigration – foreigners coming into the US, remember Immigration Process and History National Security – protecting civil liberties v. national security Natural Disasters – hurricanes, tornadoes, etc. Pollution and Waste Disposal – harmful chemicals Acid Rain – chemicals are absorbed as droplets and come down as rain Greenhouse Effect – result of pollution is acid soil, global warming Taxation – degree to which people are taxed Political Corruption – graft, using position for power Baby Boomers – US citizens born around WWII, many people born at once Apathy – not caring about government Section 2: Effective Citizenship Education – informing citizens about things Self-motivation – taking actions to better oneself Earning Capacity – amount that a person can earn in a lifetime Literacy – able to read and write Effective Citizenship – citizenship that helps build up society Volunteerism – willingness to devote time, effort to community Community Service and Charity – non-profit organizations, clubs Patriotism – love and devotion to the US Individual and Property Rights – freedoms and right to own property Tolerance – treating others with respect Paying Taxes – paying local, state, national governments money Section 3: Benefits and Consequences of Freedom Liberty – live life without government interference Socio-economic Status – status that a person is born into, affecting chances of success
