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Drama Exemplar AS 90302 (2.4) Apply knowledge of a drama/ theatre form or period through performing a role within a presentation – Level 2, Version 2 Excellence This exemplar provides extracts from recorded documentation to support the first and second criterion of the standard for the grade of Excellence. The extracts are typical of the whole portfolio. Criteria one and two: Achieved Identify features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference some features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Merit Identify an extended range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Excellence Identify a comprehensive range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Commentary: There is no distinction within the standard between Merit and Excellence for criterion two. However, criterion one distinguishes between the two higher grades. In order to achieve Merit, students must identify an extended range of features of the drama / theatre form or period. This indicates a breadth of knowledge and understanding. In order to demonstrate Excellence, students must identify a comprehensive range of features of a drama / theatre form or period. This distinction implies that the student demonstrates not only breadth, but depth of knowledge and understanding. It is important to note the relationship between criterion two and criterion three. Depth and detail in criterion two directly informs performance choices and consequently influences the potential result for criterion three. The form referred to in this exemplar is Elizabethan Theatre. The character portrayed is Lady Macbeth. In the scene referred to, Lady Macbeth waits for her husband to return from murdering King Duncan. On his return, she tries to reassure him and, noticing he has brought the daggers with him, takes them to lie beside the grooms who guard the King. On her return, Macbeth and his wife retire to their chamber. The evidence has been provided in a two column format. The first column has the student evidence. The second column provides comment explaining why the evidence supports achievement with excellence. The student has: Linked a comprehensive range of key features to the performance extract. Explored the effect of these choices on the audience with some perceptiveness. Extended these features to support the intention of the performance Discussed the various interpretations of feature use. Considered the distinction between this form and contemporary practice. Student exemplar One feature of Elizabethan theatre is that the language is very descriptive and rich, so that the players could easily physicalise the play with gestures and movements…. Macbeth has a strong focus on hands. This is a particularly strong gesture that we will use. At the beginning of our extract, I (Lady Macbeth) am pacing up and down, keeping watch while Macbeth kills Duncan, it is very high tension and I get frightened by the smallest noises. I am wringing my hands as I pace up and down – showing panic and fear- then when I hear a noise I jump back 3 paces and put up my hands. In naturalistic theatre of today a movement like that would appear over the top but this is the Elizabethan acting style. Another example of physicalisation of the language in our extract is where Macbeth ( josh) also uses his hands to protect himself from being found out, and looks at his hands as they are blood stained, as he says that ‘…What hands are here, ha!. They pluck out mine eyes’. This is a strong gesture and shows the audience that he is going mental because of what he has done. Contrasting words very common in blank verse, the style of poetry used in Elizabethan plays. In performance these words would be accentuated and emphasised. In Macbeth especially, Shakespeare used contrasting words…Such as in one of my opening lines “ Death or nature do contend about them, whether they live or die….” By using emphasis on these contrasting words I show the passion of Comment The student shows that they are aware of the practice of the physicalisation of language in Elizabethan Theatre. They also indicate an awareness of the writing style. They link this knowledge specifically to detailed performance choices. They also consider the effect of the use of these features and contrast them with naturalistic theatrical practice. This begins to imply perceptive understanding. Comments of this nature establish the pre-conditions for and support the potential for the demonstration for perceptiveness in performance. The student has identified a range of textual features and referenced these features to their own performance with detail and understanding. They do comment in depth on the actual effect of their choices. Shakespeares writing. I am using Iambic Pentameter throughout the extract but in one specific example, we both have lines that flow from one another, and we must keep the pace up , and almost overlap each others speech. There are also times where I interrupt his speaking, meaning that I must continue the rhythmic pattern. ( commented on in detail in associated referencing seminar ) Lady Macbeth is the tragic heroine – this is unusual because usually the tragic hero is accompanied by an innocent woman victim. Another word for Lady Macbeth’s stock character could be a ‘vice’ this refers to the evil trouble maker character; since Lady Macbeth is responsible for Duncan’s murder ( and this is evil) this stock character could also reflect her. In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth mentions that she ‘heard the owl shriek’. The owl shrieking was an omen of death, a superstitious one. The whole play Macbeth is based around the prophesies that Macbeth heard that made him ‘tempt fate’. These are superstitions that are brought through in the play. Notes from annotation: The owl, like the raven was a symbol of death according to Elizabethan superstition. Face right galleries, left galleries- Then last line delivered to the groundlings as it is the most exciting part of the line- to keep their attention so there will be no fruit throwing. …extremely strong gesture of looking at hands. (blood stained) Strong imagery and then directed to the groundlings. The student examines the role of the character in terms of stock characters. He/she clarifies the intent and function of the role in terms of the form. They show awareness of typical construction within the form by discussing characteristic role pairings. They also show an ability to discuss perspectives on the role within the context of conventional practice. Here the student demonstrates only a superficial awareness of the impact of this sociological feature. The student identifies examples and links their scene to the broader context of the play. However s/he does not expand on issues they allude to, such as Fate and the Wheel of Fortune. However, there is sufficient evidence elsewhere in the portfolio to support the grade of Excellence. These all indicate the student has identified and referenced a comprehensive range of features. There is purpose in their referencing. They know why they are including the features. This again supports judgement for criterion three at Excellence level. React with hands and step back three paces – using Elizabethan acting techniques – reacting with whole body, moving with purpose and making gestures and movements clear for all audience. Macbeth is speaking in poetry as he is showing his high emotive state as opposed to Lady Macbeth who is in charge of the whole thing and is not thinking of feelings. This is a language feature. ‘Knock within’ means a knock backstage. This would have taken place in the ‘inner acting area’-we will simply have someone knock off stage. Enter stage left instead of stage right as this will show that my evil deeds have caught up with me and I have become a villain. On’t = on it. This was shortened to fit Iambic Pentameter. Low Merit This exemplar provides extracts from recorded documentation to support the first and second criterion of the standard for the grade of Merit at the border with Achieved. The extracts are typical of the whole portfolio. Criteria one and two: Achieved Identify features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference some features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Merit Identify an extended range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Excellence Identify a comprehensive range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Commentary: Criterion one distinguishes between the two grades by requiring students to identify features of the drama / theatre form or period at Achieved level and by requiring them to identify an extended range of features of a drama / theatre form or period at Merit. Criterion two requires that students reference some features in order to achieve but requires the referencing of key features in order to achieve with merit. It is important to note the relationship between criterion two and criterion three. Depth and detail in criterion two directly informs performance choices and consequently influences the potential result for criterion three. The form referred to in this exemplar is Elizabethan Theatre. The character portrayed is Lady Macbeth. In the scene referred to, Lady Macbeth sleepwalks, observed by her gentle woman and a doctor. The evidence has been provided in a two column format. The first column has the student evidence. The second column provides comment explaining why the evidence is at the lower end of the Merit range. The student has: Identified an extended range of features of the form Linked features identified to her performance choices in a general manner. Shown an awareness of the socio/ historical context of the form and attempted to link this awareness to the text. However, the student has contradicted her intention on several key instances, taking away from the clarity of the referencing, and this weakens the Merit grade. Student examples I use imagery in my extract through my use of the taper Lady Macbeth holds as she enters and exits… Imagery is used here again ( One, two, why then it is time..) – it is though she is reliving the murder Imagery is used through the taper. I am holding it to show that it is dark and it’s night Comments The student makes an inaccurate assertion of use of a literary feature (imagery) without defining the meaning. She appears to be discussing the representation of situation with symbolic props or language. She eventually explains the effect of their choice but does not justify why it is used. These are examples of a recurring error. They work against the clear demonstration of understanding. My character is now evil, so she will The student identifies and references wear black to symbolise darkness, gloom, colour symbolism and costuming features woe, depression, remorse, death, guilt etc. of the form. She also identifies the effects of the exclusion of women from the I used some Elizabethan features to show stage. The student then references her what I think her physical aspects are. In own performance choices based on this. Elizabethan times the actors wore wigs (because guys played the girls part) a crazy person would have a messy wig. So I will have my hair down / in a messy plate with some hair in my face to show a sleepless night full of stress and nightmares. I will be wearing a black night gown because black represents eviland there is evil all around me in the scene, completely taking over. Iambic pentameter is used here: what need we fear who knows it. Poetry and Prose is used .E.g. – ‘The thane of Fife, had a wife’. Other lines are in plain prose. The fact that she would risk her life, her life in the after life (as in those times they would be very religious and superstitious) and in the end her sanity shows the total loyalty of love she has for her husband. The student identifies features of the language and links to the text but does not make reference to the planned performance for the use or impact of the feature. This lowers the evidence for the referencing of key features at the Merit grade. There is some detail in the discussion here. The student looks beyond the surface into the belief systems of the time. However it is still rather general. There is no exploration or linkage with lines like ‘Hell is Murky’ and the specific belief in hell or the natural order. There is no exploration of how this will impact upon her performance. The renaissance was a great revolution in thinking, a new awareness of the individuals potential as a reasoning, creative, and possible heroic being. A Greek philosopher said ‘Man is the measure of all things” Man, not God. The most known symbol of this time is the drawing by Leonardo da Vinci that shows mans body as the basis for geometry. ‘Man was the ultimate picture for reason order and form: man in short was the modern Apollo. This relates to my extract, Lady Macbeth pressures Macbeth to kill the King. She denies him his manhood: his courage and all things that she know would effect him. This makes Macbeth commit the murder , despite still holding doubt and fear inside of him, just to prove himself to her. Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him. This reference to blood implies Duncan’s cheerful personality of being kind and joyful. The student attempts to link the plot of the play to the sociology of the period but fails. There is no clear linkage between the discussion of the Renaissance (clearly downloaded or copied) and the example provided. The student mistakes the definition of ‘Man’, as a generic descriptor, for ‘the man’ (Macbeth). Consequently the quote does nothing to support the student’s understanding of the performance text. The information is linked to the play in general but does not refer to performance choices. This does nothing to enhance evidence of depth in referencing. A superficial link is made to the idea of the Four Humours. However, there is no exploration of what the reference may mean at a deeper level. Has the joy gone from life with the shedding of Duncan’s blood? Has the effect of the blood spilled this far? In my case, being Lady Macbeth after the murder, I will enter upstage left. This shows my stock character has gone from a heroine to a villain. Evil humans entered from the left side of the stage... while the good/ neutral humans entered through the right side…I will not be using the trap door on stage because my character is an evil human and not a creature. An awareness of entrances and clear referencing of choice is demonstrated. The student indicates other entrance options not used and links them to performance choices. This supports criterion one. I don’t really use the groundlings or any level of the audience because my character is sleep walking – but it seems like she is kinda using audience interaction because she is hallucinating and hearing things. If I used obvious While the student indicates an awareness of working sections of the audience, they do not demonstrate clear understanding of what it means in terms of delivering lines and why they might choose them. The student’s knowledge here is again contact with the audience it would immediately break the fourth wall (and the sleep walking) being used at the time unbelievable. general and referenced inaccurately. She confuses the practice of addressing different audience areas with audience interaction. The audience I will be performing to are on the same level as me- so when I’, doing the part where it looks as though Lady Macbeth is looking in a mirror, it will seem like I am talking to the audience. Eg- ‘Wash your hands, put on your nightgown, look not so pale…’ Identifies and refers to own performance. The gentle woman and the doctor are hiding behind invisible pillars because they are eavesdropping. This is what they would have done in Shakespeares time. Back then the actor’s gestures would’ve been quite melodramatic because of the large audience. My extract will not need such melodramatic actions because the audience will only be a few meters away from me. So my performance will be a tad more realistic. But when I do move, it is with purpose. Again, these statements are very general. References are made to performance but there is a lack of clear understanding. The use of generalised terms like ‘tad’ do not add to the evidence for assessment. Low Achieved This exemplar provides extracts from recorded documentation to support the first and second criterion of the standard at low Achieved. The extracts are typical of the whole portfolio. Criteria one and two: Achieved Identify features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference some features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Merit Identify an extended range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Excellence Identify a comprehensive range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Notes: This document deals primarily with examples of work at the level of low Achieved for criteria one and two. It is important to note the relationship between criterion two and criterion three. Depth and detail in criterion two directly informs performance choices and consequently influences the potential result for criterion three. The form referred to in this exemplar is Elizabethan Theatre. The character portrayed is Juliet. In the scene referred to Juliet is waiting for her Nurse to return from a meeting with Romeo. On her return, Juliet interrogates her about the meeting and the Nurse teases Juliet by withholding the much anticipated news. The evidence has been provided in a two column format. The first column has the student evidence. The second column provides comment explaining why the evidence is at the borderline within the Achieved range. The student has: Identified a range of features of the form. Referenced some features of the form to the performance text at a general level. Linked a limited range of performance choices to the form or text with the use of specific quotes or evidence. However, this student has indicated a limited understanding of the form through the inclusion of a range of inaccuracies and generalised assertions. They have not discussed the intention for their performance choices in terms of the form in any great detail. Overall, therefore, this student demonstrates low Achieved. Student evidence In this extract Juliet speaks mainly in poetry, which adds the effect of her being in love. The use of poetry and prose also showed the audience the status of the character. Poetry was used by high status characters e.g. Juliet and prose was used by lower status characters such as the nurse. Comment The student refers to the text and language use at a superficial level. It would have been consolidated through the use of specific quotes. I am going to show my awareness to the three sides of the stage as well as the class status of the theatre through where my focus is during the delivery of my lines. Especially in the opening of our scene I have a lot of opportunity to include both the galleries and the groundlings This is very general comment and does little to support performance decisions. It suggests use but does not link with any clarity. The student does not say how or when they will refer to the different areas. Talking to both groundlings and galleries to try and get sympathy from them. I am going to acknowledge the groundlings through my physicalisation of language, looking down at them when I’m talking about ‘ lowering hills’ and when I’m looking for the nurse as I await her return. I am going to use imagery to create what say’ lowering hills’ ‘sun upon high most hill. I am going to achieve this through the use of movements and gestures. The setting, scenery and characters were part of the words that were being delivered ‘ …and from nine till twelve is three long hours’ This is telling the audience that it is already past twelve in the afternoon. Elements such as pitch, pace, emphasis, clarity of voice and volume were important in the use of voice because there were limited scenery. The use of these elements was also important to keep The student demonstrates understanding of the general effect of the features identified. They identify, use and link features to their intention for the text. At a very superficial level, this is referencing. The student inaccurately identifies physicalisation of language. However, they do discuss the idea of delivering specific lines to specific areas of the audience. They do not explain why they have made that choice or justify the choice in terms of perceived impact. In this extract, the student also indicates that they will adapt their performance in light of the language used. However the student does not expand upon their choices. The ‘use of movement and gestures’ is not specific to the form and the student misses an opportunity to make clear linkages between the form and their performance intent. This does little to support referencing as the techniques cited are generic and are not tied to the requirements of the period or form. The student could have discussed a heightened form of vocal the audience interested in performance. delivery which was characteristic of the form and justified its use in terms of the theatres of the period. Specific exemplification from the text would have confirmed understanding. Players would have normally performed in front of audiences of up to 3000, which means that gestures and movements had to be big. Saying that its important to remember that its not melodramatic as the Elizabethan acting style was realistic. It has the typical plot of lovers meeting and falling in love but ends with a surprising tragic ending as both the lovers die. The student provides evidence for criterion 1. Evidence for criterion 2 would be clear if the student were to link this comment to specific moments in the text for the planned performance. In our scene we are only using a chair: this supports my research that minimal props were on stage. Student comments indicate only general understanding of the nature of the staging conventions of the period. For example, there needs to be greater justification of why the form used only minimal staging. This might discuss the evolution of the form from inn yard venues or the student might link the choice to look to the heavens to the beliefs of the period and the shared knowledge of symbolic movement between actor and audience. In our script, both Juliet and the nurse refers to God several times in the play. I look up at the heavens, the roof that was decorated with angelic creature and the entrance of Godly creatures such as angels, whenever I refer to God. The majority of references describe what will be done but fail to develop the purpose or effect of choices. Sound effects in Elizabethan theatre include Thunder, fireworks, guns and flying entrances. We aren’t using any music or sound in our scene but I’m aware that both music or sound effects were expected in the Elizabethan theatre. ( This kind of reference repeated for Prologue, male actors) This is evidence for identification (criterion one) but does support the referencing of features to the student’s planned performance (criterion two). This first comment indicates that the student does not really understand that one of the features of Shakespeare’s tragedies was the death of key protagonists. The student seems to be referring to the expected plot from a love story. Juliet refers to the wheel of fortune in our extract when she says ‘ Hie to high good fortune !Honest nurse, farewell.’ This shows that she has received good fortune. The Wheel was believed to control fate and so as the marriage was about to happen, it was seen as good fortune. It was also believed that misfortune would strike those with good fortune when the wheel was low. The series of misfortunate events that occurred to Romeo and Juliet after this could have been believed to be a turn of fate The student indicates a basic understanding of the references to socio / historical context in this script and links it to her performance text. This is not developed in any particular detail. It would have been useful for the student to consider how these beliefs might have been borne out in performance. Women were placed below to men and were to obey the man. Juliet was in the upper class but needed permission from her father, Capulet, to go to town. This is referred to in our play when the nurse asks Juliet,’ Have you leave to go to shrift today’. I use white to symbolise my characters purity. Notes from annotation include: Focus on galleries Look at groundlings Looking up to heavens Annotation is largely in the form of blocking notes. This student misses an opportunity to discuss why they have made these performance choices in terms of the features of the form. Not Achieved This exemplar provides extracts from recorded documentation to support the first and second criterion of the standard for the grade of Not Achieved. The extracts are typical of the whole portfolio. Criteria one and two: Achieved Identify features of a drama/ theatre form or period Merit Identify an extended range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference some features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Excellence Identify a comprehensive range of features of a drama/ theatre form or period Reference key features of appropriate selected text(s) to performance within a presentation. Commentary: This document deals primarily with examples of work at the level of Not Achieved for criteria one and two of the standard. It is important to note the relationship between criterion two and criterion three. Depth and detail in criterion two directly informs performance choices and consequently influences the potential result for criterion three. The form referred to in this exemplar is Elizabethan Theatre. The character portrayed is Lady MacBeth. In the scene referred to, Lady Macbeth sleepwalks, observed by her gentle woman and a doctor. The evidence has been provided in a two column format. The first column has the student evidence. The second column provides comment explaining why the evidence is at the borderline with Achieved range. The student has: Superficially referenced a limited range of features of the form with some accuracy. Drawn general conclusions about character relationships based on a limited understanding of the socio/ historical context. Generally discussed the conventional use of entrances and exits as well as stage areas. Identified the use of poetry and prose. However, referencing is frequently generalised and only loosely linked to performance choices. The student has made a range of inaccurate assertions within their referencing that demonstrates a superficial understanding of the form and its performance implications. Their annotation largely refers to blocking. This does not support the student’s achievement because it does not provide evidence of the student’s intended application of the features of the form in performance. Overall, there is not enough evidence for Achieved. Student extract In any other scene with these three characters ( Lady Macbeth, Doctor, Nurse), if Lady Macbeth was to interact with them she would be higher status than the gentlewoman and above her in the Chain of Being, which the Elizabethans believed in strongly back in those days. The Gentlewoman would have no right to be repeating what Lady Macbeth said in her sleep to the Doctor because she is a lower class woman and had no authority to do so unless there was another witness to confirm her speech….E.g. when the gentlewoman is speaking to the doctor he asks her to tell him what Lady Macbeth has been saying in her sleep the gentlewoman replies with ‘That, sir, which I will not report after her’ which is implying she does not want to unfairly accuse Lady Macbeth of anything because she is in no place to report that. Comment The student presents some information about the way society was ordered in the Elizabethan period and links it to the text. The latter two comments are very general and vague. They suggest a superficial awareness but indicate that the student does not really understand the purpose of the quotes or the impact of those ideas on the text. Lady Macbeth refers to the Four Humours when she says ‘ yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him.” By which she means he was a cheerful and happy King. The Elizabethans strongly believed in religion and Shakespeare often referred to it in his plays. In my scene Lady Macbeth says ‘Hell is murky’ because she is having a flash back of the murders and feels guilty. Lady Macbeths’ relationship with the doctor would be one of respect and formality. He would be slightly higher than her on the Chain of Being because he is a male and works as a well paid doctor. The student draws some inaccurate or superficial conclusions. Lady Macbeth is a Queen. She would have higher status than a doctor. There seems to be no purpose to the inclusion of this information in terms of the student’s performance decisions and so it cannot be said to support referencing. As Lady Macbeth, I do not look at the The student has alluded to an awareness galleries or groundlings very much of different audience areas but has not because I am sleep walking and noted that the actors referred to different interaction with the audience would break areas of the audience at different points of the believability. the performance to elicit a particular response or target a line at a particular social group. The student confuses the targeting of audience areas with audience interaction. They ( Gentlewoman and Doctor) are The student has identified features of the both hiding slightly behind a pillar which use of stage space and linked them to was used in Elizabethan times for actors their performance choices. However, to eavesdrop on the other actors in a these choices are superficial and do not humorous way mostly. expand in any depth on the reason those features were employed within the form. I enter stage left because that’s where evil For example, the student could refer to stock characters entered in the the lack of set in Elizabethan theatre as a Elizabethan time period. reason for the conventional use of the pillar. They might also discuss the social belief in the ‘sinistre’ side and mistrust of left handers. The reference to Lady Macbeth as a ‘stock character’ is problematic. The role is a complex one and, while it may have some linkages with ‘types’ common in writing of the period, the reduction of the character to a two dimensional stereotype is inaccurate and demonstrates a lack of genuine understanding. The actors helped the audience to The student accurately refers to the use of understand the play by using the language props as indicators of time. They do not to tell where the play was set, what time expand on how the language of the text of day it was and they also used props to supported the establishment of time and show that. In my scene Lady Macbeths place. Had they discussed the evidence only prop is a candle which she uses to about time that is included in the lines of show the audience that it is night time the gentle woman, they would have more and dark… fully developed their point and more thoroughly demonstrated detailed referencing. I will show that my character is the villainous character through my words and the way I act and also the costume I have, the colours red and black representing evil and blood. General statements like ‘through my words and the way I act’ provide no evidence of the student’s intended use of features of the form. The student’s reference to colour symbolism needs to be expanded beyond a generalised understanding of what a colour represents and the features of the form. This would In my extract of Macbeth we do not have any witches or demons so we don’t use the trapdoor but it would have been placed in centrestage. Sound effects were created by thundersheets being shaken , cannon balls being rolled around backstage or fireworks, etc. The only sound effects that would have been in my scene would be the clock chiming and the knocking at the gate. But since she is imagining these things, we do not actually create the sound effect. Vocal techniques in Elizabethan period was very important because the theatres were very big and they relied so heavily on the words they spoke instead of the scenery/ props. The vocal techniques used in Elizabethan theatres by the players were mainly pitch and pace to vary the vocals and maintain the audiences attention. They also used vocal techniques such as tone and articulation (because it was important that the audiences all the way up in the galleries could understand what the actors were saying), volume and projection and pausing/ silence for building tension in scenes. Most of the scene is spoken in the language of prose that Shakespeare created. There is a line of poetry. Prose is causal speaking and poetry is formal and often romantic. have evolved from an understanding of the hierarchy associated with colour in the Elizabethan world. The student identifies features of the form that are not reflected in her performance text. This serves to support identification in criterion one. The student does refer to those features that they cannot use because of the extract and situation. The student provides superficial explanation of some generic techniques, in terms of form. The remainder are merely listed. The student needs to have linked and described the use of techniques that characterised the form ( Iambic Pentameter, Poetic Language, heightened delivery style…) rather than ‘fitting’ generic techniques in, in order to have referenced ‘some features’.