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1. Who is the Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
2.Law of Dominance
Dominant allele will hide/mask the recessive allele in the
heterozygous state (F1 generation)
During gamete formation the two alleles for a trait become
separated into different gametes
During gamete formation, genes for traits are inherited
separately, independent from one another
3.Law of Segregation
4.Law of Independent
Assortment
5.Allele
6. Having two identical alleles
Different forms of a gene for a trait
(T= tall, t= short)
Homozygous
7. Having two different alleles
Heterozygous/Hybrid
8. Genotype
9. Phenotype
Genetic makeup, combination of genes
Physical appearance (words)
10. Genotypic ratio of a cross
between two heterozygous
organisms
11. Dominant
1 Homozygous Dominant
2 Heterozygous
1 Homozygous Recessive
Allele that hides or masks another allele in the heterozygous
state
Allele that is hidden or masked in the heterozygous state (only
expressed if homozygous recessive)
Test Cross – used to determine if the dominant organism is
homozygous or heterozygous
12. Recessive
13. Cross performed between a
recessive organism and an
organism showing the dominant
trait
14.Pure bred
Mendel’s P generation -pure for 2 contrasting traits
15.F1 generation
Results/offspring from P generation
cross
16. Cross involving one pair of
contrasting traits
17. Cross involving two pairs of
contrasting traits
18. Possible gametes of GGTt
19. GgTt X GgTt
Monohybrid
20. Incomplete Dominance
Heterozygote shows an intermediate/blend of phenotypes
Dihybrid
GT, Gt
9 GT, 3 Gt, 3 gT, 1 gt
21. Both alleles are equally
expressed – ex. coat color in
cattle
22. Having more than 2 alleles
that can determine a phenotype
23.Give an example of 22.
between the two parental types
Codominance – produces 3 different phenotypes
Multiple Alleles
Human Blood Groups
24. Genotype for type O blood
OO
25. Universal Recipient
AB
26. Possible genotypes for type A
blood
27. Hemophilia
28. Disorders that occur more
frequently in males
29. Phenotype XHXh
30. Genotype for a male who is a
hemophiliac
31. Two alleles located on the
same chromosome
32. Chromosome Map and what
are they based on?
33. Recombination Frequency
AA, AO
34. Determine the relative
positions of the following three
genes on a chromosome: A and D
are rarely separated, A and C are
separated frequently.
35. Genotype for a male
Disorder in which blood does not clot properly (sex-linked)
Sex Linked Disorders
Normal female, but a carrier for hemophilia
XhY
Linked
Map of genes on a chromosome based on frequency of
recombination
Frequency of crossing over, the further apart the genes are
from one another, the higher the rate of crossing over
A, D, C
XY
36. Genotype for a female
XX
37. Determines the sex of the
child
38. How can linked genes be
Male (bc he has X sperm and Y sperm, females only have X
eggs)
Crossing over during meiosis
separated
39. Number of chromosomes in a
human sperm or egg cell
40. Polygenic Traits
23
Also called multiple genes – more that one pair of genes
determine a trait (bell curve, many phenotypes)
Practice Problems:
For all problems state genotypic and phenotypic ratios
1. Heterozygous tall x heterozygous tall
Tt x Tt = G1 TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt P3 tall, 1 short
2. Homozygous tall X short
TT x tt =
G4 Tt,
P all tall
3. A man with type O blood and a woman with type AB blood.
OO x AB = G 2 AO, 2 BO,
P2 A, 2 B
4. A woman with colorblind parents marries a man who is also colorblind.
All colorblind
5. Homozygous black homozygous running mouse x a waltzing brown mouse
BBRR x bbrr =
G BbRr
P all running black
6. A white flower crossed with a red flower produces a pink flower. How is the trait
inherited? Incomplete Dominance
WW x RR = G RW P pink
7. Cross a pink flower from above with a red flower.
RW x RR = G 2 RW 2 RR, P 2 Pink, 2 Red