Download Chapter 26 - Austin Community College

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CH 26
STUDY GUIDE
AMERICA’S RISE TO GLOBALISM
PEOPLE, PLACES & EVENTS
1. The attack on Hawaii and isolated
2. U.S. diplomacy between the world wars
3. Hoover’s Secretary of State, Henry Stimson & the Japanese takeover of Manchuria
4. The “Good Neighbor Policy”
5. American internationalists versus isolationists
6. U.S. isolationism
7.The Nye Committee hearings
8. The Neutrality Legislation of the 1930s
9. World War II & the Grand Alliance
10. Background to the Pearl Harbor attack
11. FDR & assistance to Great Britain after the fall of France in 1940
12. The Atlantic Charter
13. The Pearl Harbor attack
14. The war against Japan from 1942 to 1945
15. Allied strengths in WWII
16. Campaigning on the Western front in the European theater of operations 1942-44
17. The impact of World War II on American society
18. Motivating soldiers to fight
19. American economic activity during World War II
20. The “miracle” of war production
21. Federal funds for the war
22. WWII war work for women
23. Minority groups during World War II
24. The New Deal during the war
26. Winston Churchill’s vision for the postwar world
27. Poland & the Yalta conference
28. The Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin Yalta Conference of 1945
29. The Potsdam Conference
30. The first atomic bomb
COMPLETION
1. The battle of [
broke Japanese naval supremacy in the Pacific.
2. With the development of [
“front” as in World War II disappeared.
3. Though they were American citizens, [
confined in camps during the war.
] halted the Japanese advance and
], the typical battlefield
] were
4. According to your text, nothing during World War II raised more wrenching questions of
human good and evil than what is known as [
].
5. The harnessing of [
longer feel fully safe in the world.
] meant Americans could no
Chapter 26: America’s Rise to Globalism
IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS
Students should be able to describe the following key terms, concepts, individuals, and places,
and explain their significance:
Terms and Concepts
isolationism
Mexican oil expropriations
Benito Mussolini (Il Duce)
Panay incident
neutrality
cash-and-carry
total war
war conversion
concentration camps
Nisei
GI Bill of Rights
Stimson Doctrine
non-recognition
Neutrality Acts
Quarantine Speech
fascism
quarantine
fission
balance of power
voluntarism
Issei
bracero program
anti-Semitism
Lend-Lease Act
Individuals and Places
Winston Churchill
Munich Conference
General Douglas MacArthur
D-Day
“Rosie the Riveter”
Zoot Suiters
George C. Marshall
Henry Morgenthau
Leslie Groves
El Alamein
Joseph Stalin
Midway
WACs
Yalta Conference
A. Philip Randolph
John L. Lewis
Thomas Dewey
Harry Hopkins
Hiroshima
Admiral Chester Nimitz
MAP IDENTIFICATIONS
Students have been given the following map exercise: On the map on the following page, label
or shade in the following places. In a sentence, note their significance to the chapter.
1. Midway
2. Potsdam
3. Teheran
4. El Alamein
5. Normandy
6. Stalingrad
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Chapter 26: America’s Rise to Globalism
CRITICAL THINKING
EVALUATING EVIDENCE (MAPS)
1. Looking at the map of World War II in Europe and North Africa (page 871), why do you
suppose the Americans favored an invasion at Normandy over Churchill’s proposal to attack
Europe’s “soft underbelly” along the Mediterranean Coast?
2. Looking at the map of World War II in Europe and North Africa (page 871), why would it
have been natural for Hitler to expect the Allies to invade France at Calais?
3. In what ways do the maps on pages 871 and 891 highlight the supply problems the Allies
faced during World War II?
4. Looking at the map illustrating the Pacific campaigns of the war (page 891), why would
Roosevelt have been eager to have Stalin declare war on Japan? Looking at a map of the
world, why would Stalin have been reluctant to declare war on Japan?
EVALUATING EVIDENCE (ILLUSTRATIONS)
1. The picture on page 862 of sandbags in front of the telephone company in San Francisco
suggests one reason West Coast Americans feared a possible attack by Japan. What else
in the picture suggests a reason for fear among some residents of San Francisco?
2. Hitler was a master in the manipulation of patriotic propaganda. What are some of the
techniques revealed in the photograph on page 865?
3. Examine the chart on government spending on page 888. How does the level of government
spending rise during the Depression years? How does that rise compare with the level of
government spending during World War II?
4. Critics of the New Deal charged that the budget deficits accumulated through government
spending programs did not bring the United States out of the Depression, but that World
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Chapter 26: America’s Rise to Globalism
War II did. What does the graph on page 888 suggest about that argument? What does it
suggest about the relationship of government spending and deficits and economic recovery?
In what ways might critics counter this argument?
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Students have been asked to read carefully the following excerpt from the text and then answer
the questions that follow.
Had Roosevelt known the attack on Pearl Harbor was coming? For months American
intelligence had been cracking some of Japan’s secret codes. Much information
indicated that Pearl Harbor was at risk. Yet Roosevelt left the fleet exposed, seeming
almost to provoke an attack to bring the United States into the war. Was it mere
coincidence that the vital aircraft carriers were at sea? That only the obsolete battleships
were left at Pearl Harbor? Some critics have charged that Roosevelt deliberately
contrived to bring war about. But the argument is based on circumstantial, not
documentary, evidence. Roosevelt wanted to fight Germany more than Japan. If he had
wished to provoke an incident, one in the Atlantic would have served him far better.
More important, the intelligence signals were confusing and analysts lost track of the
Japanese fleet as it moved toward Hawaii.
In the end, cultural misperceptions explained the coming of the war better than any
conspiracy theory. American leaders were surprised by the attack on Pearl Harbor
because they could not believe the Japanese were daring or resourceful enough to
attack an American stronghold 4000 miles from Japan. Japanese militarists counted on
a surprise attack to give them time to build a line of defense strong enough to
discourage weak-willed westerners from continuing the war. As it turned out, both
calculations were wrong.
PRIMARY SOURCE: TWO VIEWS ON THE EVACUATION OF JAPANESE-AMERICANS*
When President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, he authorized
the evacuation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. Soon after, a Congressional
Committee heard testimony from both California public officials and representatives of the
Japanese community who both favored and opposed evacuation. The following excerpts are
from California Attorney General Earl Warren (later the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) and
from James Omura.
EARL WARREN: Unfortunately, however, many of our people and some of our
authorities ...are of the opinion that because we have had no sabotage and no fifth
column activities in this State since the beginning of the war, that means that none have
been planned for us. But I take the view that that is the most ominous sign in our whole
situation. It convinces me more than perhaps any other factor that the sabotage we are
to get ... [is] timed just like Pearl Harbor....
We believe that when we are dealing with the Caucasian race we have methods that will
test the loyalty of them, and we believe that we can, in dealing with the German and
Italians, arrive at some fairly sound conclusions because of our knowledge of the way
they live in the community.... But when we deal with the Japanese we are in an entirely
different field and we cannot inform any opinion we believe to be sound. Their method of
living, their language, make for this difficulty....
*From
Hearings before the Select Committee Investigating National Defense Migration, House of Representatives,
Washington, 1942.
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Chapter 26: America’s Rise to Globalism
JAMES OMURA: It is doubtlessly difficult for Caucasian Americans to properly
comprehend and believe in what we say. Our citizenship has even been attacked as an
evil cloak under which we expect immunity for the nefarious purpose of conspiring to
destroy the American way of life. To us—who have been born, raised, and educated in
American institutions and in our system of public schools, knowing and owing no other
allegiance than to the United States-such a thought is manifestly unfair and ambiguous.
I would like to ask the committee: Has the Gestapo come to America? Have we not risen
in righteous anger at Hitler’s mistreatment of the Jews? Then, is it not incongruous that
citizen Americans of Japanese descent should be similarly mistreated and persecuted?
...We cannot understand why General DeWitt can make exceptions for families of
German and Italian soldiers in the armed forces of the United States while ignoring the
civil rights of Nisei Americans. Are we to be condemned merely on the basis of our racial
origin? Is citizenship such a light and transient thing that that which is our inalienable
right in normal times can be torn from us in times of war?
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