* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Verb: a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being.
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Proto-Indo-European verbs wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Verb: a word used to express an action or a state of being. • The two main kinds of verbs are action verbs and linking verbs. • Both of these kinds of verbs can appear with helping verbs. Action Verb: tells what the subject does. The action may be physical or mental. • She rides motorcycles – She = subject – rides = action verb (describes a physical action) • I prefer a bike. • I = subject • prefer = action verb (describes a mental action) Linking Verb: links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate • The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb “be” – Ex: be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being – Ex: We are late. I am hungry. He is being silly. • There are other linking verbs, and they express a condition. Note: You can replace them with “is/are.” – Ex: look, smell, feel, sound, taste, seem, grow, appear, become – She sounds great! It feels cold. They seem bored. Be careful! Some verbs may act either as action verbs or linking verbs • You must think about what the verb is doing to figure it out. – She smells the perfume • action verb -- smells is something she is physically doing – It smells flowery • linking -- smell links the subject, I, to the predicate adjective, flowery – I taste cinnamon (action) – This tastes gross (linking) Helping Verb: adds functional or grammatical meaning; for example, to express tense or need/ability • Common helping verbs – Forms of “have” • Has, have, had – Forms of “do” • Do, does, did – Forms of “be” • Be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being – Others… • Could, should, would, • may, might, must, • can, shall, will A few verbs can serve as either helping verbs or main verbs • He has a tractor. – main verb = has – Owning it is an active idea – It’s not a linking verb because it does not link “he” to a noun or adjective that describes “he” • He has eaten today. – main verb = eaten – has = helping verb (it adds meaning to the main verb) Underline the verb/verb phrase, then mark “A, “ “H,” or “L” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mail travels overseas on airplanes. Mail can also go overseas by boats. Boats are slower but less expensive. Boats might take weeks for the trip. Boats were once the only form of transportation across the ocean. 6. The post office can use trucks, trains, and planes to move mail. 7. In the past, horses have carried mail. Action Verbs and Objects • Action verbs are often paired with “compliments”. • Compliments are words that complete the meaning of the active verb. • Complements fall into two categories, direct objects, and indirect objects. Direct Objects: a word or words that name the receiver of the action • They answer the question “what?” or “whom?” receives the action of the verb. – Larry tells lots of funny stories. • tells = verb • lots= direct object – Tina passed Erin on the way to school. • passed = verb • Erin = direct object Indirect Objects: tells who/what an action is done to or for • It answers the questions to what? to whom? for what? for whom? – Larry tells his friends stories. • Larry tells stories to whom? Friends. • friends = indirect object – Emma gives the flowers water. • Emma gives water to what? Flowers. • flowers = indirect object Important: The indirect object does not follow a preposition • If a preposition is used, then the word becomes the object of that preposition. • For example, “to,” and “for” are prepositions, so in these sentences there is no indirect object: – We will make an offer to the man. • to = preposition • man = object of preposition, NOT indirect object – Get a job for yourself. • for = preposition • yourself = object of preposition Transitive and Intransitive Verbs • Transitive verbs take a direct object – Lyle patted the dog’s fur. – patted = transitive • Intransitive verbs don’t take an object – Lyle patted softly. – patted = intransitive Do not confuse adverbs with direct objects! • A word is only a direct object if that word answers the question “what is being verbed” or “who is being verbed.” – Laura danced the Tango. – Gina claps her hands. • An adverb tells how, when, where, or to what extent (it gives more detail about a verb). – Laura danced wildly. – Gina claps loudly. Which verbs are transitive, and which ones are intransitive? 1. Joe read to the class. 2. Gordon was writing Katrina a long letter. 3. Anna spoke indistinctly. 4. Peter and John presented a little skit. 5. John played the part of a policeman. Find the direct objects and indirect objects 1. Joe read to the class. 2. Gordon was writing Katrina a long letter. 3. Anna spoke indistinctly. 4. Peter and John presented a little skit. 5. John played the part of a policeman. Action Verbs: Two Types • There are two large classes of action verbs -transitive and intransitive. • A verb is transitive when the action it expresses is directed toward a person or a thing named in the sentence. – Neil rang the bell. [The action of the verb rang is directed toward bell. The verb is transitive.] – Tina mailed the package. [The action of mailed is directed toward package. The verb is transitive.] Transitive Verbs • With transitive verbs, the action passes from the doer -- the subject-- to the receiver of the action. • Words that receive the action of a transitive verb are called “objects.” – Kallie ate the sandwich. – The dog chewed the shoe. – Our boat broke the rope. Intransitive Verbs • A verb is intransitive when it expresses action (or helps make a statement) without reference to an object. • Note: Like intransitive verbs, linking verbs (be, seem, appear, etc.) never take direct objects. – Last Saturday we stayed inside. – The children laughed. – The band marched past the crowd. Note: The same verb may be transitive in one sentence and intransitive in another! – Marcie studied her notes. – Marcie studied very late. – The poet wrote a sonnet. – The poet wrote carefully. Write the verb and whether it is transitive and intransitive: 1. Carl Lewis won four Olympic gold medals. 2. Mr. Ling works for an import company in California. 3. Robert Hayden taught at our school. 4. The scouts rescued the girl from an island. 5. Even good friends sometimes disagree.