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Coloring Microorganisms
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Prokaryotes, which includes, bacteria are the simplest of all the cells. All prokaryotes have a single, circular
chromosome and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. There are two major groups of prokaryotic
organisms --- the Kingdom bacteria and the Kingdom Archae-bacteria. Bacteria are known as true bacteria. They
are the most common type of prokaryote. They are found everywhere, on surfaces and in the soil. Archaebacteria or the ancient bacteria are found in extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs and thermal vents in
the ocean floor.
1.What characteristics do all prokaryotes have in common?
2.What is the best known prokaryote and where can they be found?
3.Name the 2 kingdoms for prokaryotes.
4.Name the 2 bacterial domains.
5.Where are the bacterial members of the domain Archaea found?
Give an example.
Bacteria are unicellular and are covered with a thick outer
cell wall. Color and label the cell wall PURPLE. Just within
the cell wall is the cell membrane. Color and label the cell
membrane ORANGE. Some bacteria can move. Many of
these bacteria have long, whip like structures called flagella.
Color and label the flagella DARK GREEN. Some bacteria
also have short hair like structures called cilia. Color and
label the cilia LIGHT GREEN.
Since bacteria are prokaryotes, they do NOT have a
nucleus. They do have a single strand of DNA (double helix)
in the center of the cell. This single strand of DNA
contains all the instructions for making more bacterial cells.
Locate the DNA and color and label it YELLOW.
Bacterial cells reproduce by a process called binary fission. The inside of the bacterial cell is filled with cytoplasm.
Color and label the cytoplasm LIGHT BLUE. Sprinkled throughout the cytoplasm of the cell are small, round
structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins for the cell. Label and Color all of the ribosomes RED.
6.
Name two structures that aid bacteria in movement.
7. What covers the outside of all prokaryotes?
8. Describe the DNA of bacteria & tell its location.
9. What is the purpose of ribosomes?
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Viruses
In general, viruses are very small. This means their DNA can code for a
very limited number of their own information & for this reason, most
viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce
(make more viruses). In a way, viruses act like parasites. They bring very
little with them and steal what they need from the host cell. Because they
cannot reproduce on their own, viruses are NOT considered living
organisms. They are simply genetic information, either DNA or RNA
packaged within a protein coat called the capsid. A virus can take many
different forms or shapes…no matter their shape, they all have two basic
parts: Genetic Information & A Capsid! Color and label the capsid
orange. Color and label the DNA blue.
10.What are the two basic parts of all viruses, no matter their shape?
11.Name one thing that automatically makes a virus nonliving.
Protists
Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make
their own food by photosynthesis. Euglena usually live in quiet ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagella, which
is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. Color and label the flagellum black. Euglena are
surrounded by a protective cell membrane. Color and label the cell membrane red.
In the center of the cell is the nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities. Color and
label the nucleus purple. The interior of the cell contains a jelly-like fluid substance called cytoplasm. Color and
label the cytoplasm light yellow. Located in the cell is a star-like structure, the contractile vacuole. This
organelle helps the cell remove excess water, and without it, the euglena could take in some much water that the
cell would explode. Color and label the contractile vacuole orange.
12.Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?
13.What Kingdom do euglena belong to?
14.What is the job of the flagella?
15.What is the function of the nucleus?
16.What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
What would happen if the cell did not have this organelle.
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